苔藓生物结皮层腐殖质组成变化特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

闫德仁  张胜男  吴振廷 《干旱区地理》2019,42(6):1354-1358

腐殖质组成是表征土壤化学性质的主要指标之一，在某种程度对评价风沙土的发育过程具有意义。采集了不同气候区沙地沙漠苔藓生物结皮层样品，采用重铬酸钾容量法和光密度法测定了苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量和胡敏酸吸光特性。结果表明：随着干燥指数的增加，苔藓结皮层有机质含量由14.93 g·kg^-1降低到9.89 g·kg^-1，腐殖酸总量由5.1 g·kg^-1降低到2.0 g·kg^-1，胡敏酸含量由2.9 g·kg^-1降低到 0.7 g·kg^-1，富里酸含量由2.2 g·kg^-1降低到1.3 g·kg^-1，胡敏酸与富里酸比值（HA/FA）由1.32降低到0.54，E₄/E₆比值则由4.28增加到5.83。苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量及胡敏酸吸光特性具有地带性变化趋势，并影响着生物结皮层及流动风沙土的发育演变过程。  相似文献   

稳健的回光反射平面靶心定位算法     

付永健  李宗春  何华 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(4):422-429

针对因回光反射平面标靶点云数据缺失或冗余而难以准确计算靶心坐标的问题,本文提出一种基于距离标靶重心最远点的边缘点提取和靶心定位算法。首先,进行点云数据预处理,先人工大概选取出标靶点云所在位置,并根据回光反射强度信息提取出标靶点云,对标靶点云进行粗差剔除、投影以及坐标旋转等工作;然后,进行边缘点提取,应用所提的边缘点提取算法对投影到二维平面的标靶点云进行边缘点提取;最后,进行靶心定位,先应用抗差最小二乘对边缘点进行拟合计算圆心坐标,然后将其旋转回三维空间作为靶心坐标计算值。实验结果表明,本文提出的边缘点提取算法能高效、准确地提取出标靶边缘点,比文献[12]中的边缘点提取算法节约了大量时间,并且应用所提取出的边缘点能稳健地计算出靶心坐标,与基准值的偏差在亚毫米以内,优于文献[11]、[12]算法靶心计算精度,有效地解决了残缺或冗余的回光反射平面标靶点云靶心定位问题。  相似文献   

Cyclone在数字校园三维激光点云数据预处理中的应用     

崔红超  贺小星  刘仁钊  马啸 《北京测绘》2020,(3):343-346

为了高效获取精确的数字校园地形图的测量数据,通过Leica ScanStation P40对校园进行三维激光点云数据采集,并结合Cyclone中的去噪模型对点云数据进行去噪,利用“六自由度”方法和ID号对标靶进行拟合,在一定约束条件下完成点云数据的坐标匹配、拼接以及优化,得到统一坐标系下的点云数据。结果表明:优化后的点云数据精度可达到6 mm。可见处理后的点云数据能够满足数字校园地形图的高精度要求。  相似文献   

深度卷积神经网络支持下的遥感影像飞机检测     

谢梦  刘伟  杨梦圆  柴琪  吉莉 《测绘通报》2019,(6):19-23

针对YOLOv3算法对小目标检测较差及出现较多漏检的问题，本文提出了一种优化的YOLOv3算法。首先使用K-means算法计算出与数据集相适用的锚框；其次将扩张卷积引入到YOLOv3网络，用来增强网络高层的感受野，改善小目标的检测效果；然后使用深度可分离卷积取代YOLOv3网络残差模块中的普通卷积，可减少计算量，从而得到一种新型卷积神经网络结构；最后在数据集上进行对比试验。结果表明，优化的YOLOv3算法能够检测出更多目标，降低漏检率，相比于YOLOv3算法，其召回率提高11.86%，F1-score提高2.99%。  相似文献   

Robust adaptive unscented Kalman filter for bearings-only tracking in three dimensional case     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper proposes an improved version of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), namely Robust Adaptive UKF (RAUKF), with a special focus on Bearings-Only Target Tracking for three-dimensional case (3DBOT). The automatic tuning of the noise covariance matrices and the robust estimation of the target states form a critical point for the performance of the Kalman-type filtering algorithms, especially in the variable environmental conditions exposed in underwater. The key idea of the proposed filter is to combine robust aspects of UKF and adaption of the process and measurement noise covariance matrices with low computational complexity. The main contribution of this paper is to adjust these matrices by means of the steepest descent algorithm, and the H_∞ technique is embedded to achieve superior performance in terms of accuracy and robustness against initial conditions and model uncertainties. Different experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in the 3DBOT problem with a single moving observer. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed filter produce more accurate results with satisfactory computational burden in comparison with other methods.  相似文献   

四元组标靶辅助下的RGB-D室内点云配准     

杨海舰  徐二帅  陈文佳  许志华 《测绘通报》2020,(12):32-36

面向室内弱纹理三维重建需求，本文以RGB-D摄影测量技术获取室内点云为基础，提出了四元组标靶辅助的点云配准方法。该方法首先通过阈值筛选大曲率点，自动识别邻接点云中的辅助标靶，然后采用随机采样一致性表达方法，拟合标靶参数及其中心坐标，并根据拟合参数匹配同名标靶中心，通过刚性转换完成邻接点云粗配准。在此基础上，迭代估算邻接点云间的重叠区域，优化点云间的配准参数，从而实现点云精配准。利用Kinect相机获取两类室内场景各12站点云对本文方法进行测试，试验结果表明，配准后的多站点云间距最大均方根误差优于一个采样间隔，证明了该方法在弱纹理室内点云配准中的可靠性。  相似文献   

基于多源信息融合的浅海超低频声源目标探测关键技术及实现     

孙显彬  郑轶  于非 《海洋科学》2019,43(1):95-100

以多传感器信息融合理论为指导,结合现代信息处理技术与数据驱动建模及科学计算技术,研究浅海超低频声源目标激发共存地震波的复合声场中超低频声波传播特性和数据驱动建模的水下目标深度识别等关键技术,并论证了技术实现方案及路径。结果表明:以复合矢量水听器、地震波监测仪等多传感器信息融合理论为指导研究前海超低频声源目标可以克服传统声场建模存在的问题,有助于浅海超低频声源目标探测及改善海洋水下声学监测手段。在提高声呐探测设备的测量准确度、精度方面具有重要的理论意义,对周边海域为浅海的我国海防具有实战价值。  相似文献   

尺度分层多阈值结合SVM分类的热红外舰船识别     

马兰  姜挺  江刚武 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,(6):602-606

针对尺度自适应选择分层多阈值方法,有时检测目标不完整且存在较多虚警目标等问题,提出了一种基于尺度分层多阈值和SVM分类相结合的舰船目标检测与识别方法。首先使用尺度自适应分层多阈值方法进行初检测;其次根据样本学习生成舰船目标特征及最佳分类特征组合;最后使用SVM样本学习分类实现舰船目标检测与识别。实验结果表明,该方法比单一使用样本分类法降低了虚警率,提高了检测效率,能在近岸舰船目标与背景对比度较低的情况下实现虚假目标有效剔除,且在突堤式码头停放的舰船目标识别中更有效和更稳定。  相似文献   

How to achieve the 2030 CO2 emission-reduction targets for China's industrial sector: Retrospective decomposition and prospective trajectories     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

The Chinese government actively follows the low-carbon development pattern and has set the definite targets of reducing carbon emissions by 2030. The industrial sector plays a significant role in China's economic growth and CO₂ emissions. This is the first study to present a specific investigation on the retrospective decomposition (1993–2014) and prospective trajectories (2015–2035) of China's industrial CO₂ emission intensity (ICEI) and industrial CO₂ emissions (ICE), aiming at China Industrial Green Development Plan 2016–2020 targets and China's 2030 CO₂ emission-reduction targets. We introduce process carbon intensity, investment and R&D factors into the decomposition model and make a combination of dynamic Monte Carlo simulation and scenario analysis to identify whether and how the targets would be realized from a sector-specific perspective. The results indicate that investment intensity is the primary driver for the increase in ICEI, while R&D intensity and energy intensity are the leading contributors to the reduction in ICEI. Under existing policies, it is very possible for the industrial sector to achieve the 2020 and 2030 intensity-reduction targets. However, the realization of 2030 emission-peak target has some uncertainties and needs extra efforts in efficiency improvement and structural adjustment. All the five scenarios would achieve the 2020 and 2030 intensity-reduction targets, except Scenario N4 for China Industrial Green Development Plan 2016–2020 target. Nonetheless, only three scenarios would realize the 2030 emission-peak target. With strong efficiency improvement and structural adjustment, ICE would hit the peak in 2025. In contrast, with high/low efficiency improvement and weak structural adjustment, ICE would fail to reach the peak before 2035. Both ICEI and ICE have substantial mitigation potentials with the enhancement of efficiency improvement and structural adjustment. Finally, we suggest that the Chinese government should raise the baseline requirements of efficiency improvement and structural adjustment for the industrial sector to achieve China’s 2030 targets.  相似文献   

The global impacts of US climate policy: a model simulation using GCAM-TU and MAGICC     

Han Chen  Lining Wang  Yong Luo  Yu Wang  Sheng Zhou 《Climate Policy》2018,18(7):852-862

To assess the potential impacts of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, this study applied GCAM-TU (an updated version of the Global Change Assessment Model) to simulate global and regional emission pathways of energy-related CO₂, which show that US emissions in 2100 would reduce to ?2.4?Gt, ?0.7?Gt and ?0.2?Gt under scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP3.7 and RCP4.5, respectively. Two unfavourable policy scenarios were designed, assuming a temporary delay and a complete stop for US mitigation actions after 2015. Simulations by the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC) indicate that the temperature increase by 2100 would rise by 0.081°C–0.161°C compared to the three original RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) if US emissions were kept at their 2015 levels until 2100. The probability of staying below 2°C would decrease by 6–9% even if the US resumes mitigation efforts for achieving its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target after 2025. It is estimated by GCAM-TU that, without US participation, increased reduction efforts are required for the rest of the world, including developing countries, in order to achieve the 2°C goal, resulting in 18% higher global cumulative mitigation costs from 2015 to 2100.

Key policy insights

• President Trump’s climate policies, including planned withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, cast a shadow on international climate actions, and would lower the likelihood of achieving the 2°C target.

• To meet the 2°C target without the US means increased reduction efforts and mitigation costs for the rest of the world, and considerable economic burdens for major developing areas.

• Active state-, city- and enterprise-level powers should be supported to keep the emission reduction gap from further widening even with reduced mitigation efforts from the US federal government.

  相似文献