甲基汞在褐牙鲆幼鱼体内蓄积的组织特异性及其对免疫功能和生长的毒性作用     

任中华  曹亮  刘金虎  崔雯婷  窦硕增 《海洋科学》2019,43(5):71-80

甲基汞(MeHg)对鱼类多种生命过程存在极强的毒性作用,但有关其对海水鱼类免疫功能的毒性作用研究较少。本文利用实验毒理学方法研究了MeHg(暴露浓度0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 20.0μg/L;暴露时间30天)在褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼组织(鳃、肝脏和脾脏)中的蓄积特征及其对幼鱼的四种免疫功能生物指示物(溶菌酶LZM、酸性磷酸酶ACP、碱性磷酸酶AKP和免疫球蛋白MIgM)和生长的毒性作用。结果表明,幼鱼体内MeHg蓄积量具有显著的浓度依赖性和组织特异性,各组织对MeHg的蓄积能力总体上呈现肝脏鳃脾脏的趋势;四种免疫功能生物指示物(活性或含量)对不同MeHg浓度暴露的响应方式各异,且具有显著的组织特异性; MeHg达到一定暴露浓度后显著抑制幼鱼的生长。总体而言,MeHg在褐牙鲆幼鱼体内蓄积,对其产生免疫毒性,并抑制幼鱼的生长。此外,ACP、AKP和LZM等免疫性指标能较好的反映对MeHg暴露的浓度依赖关系和组织特异性,可作为海水环境中MeHg污染风险评估和生物毒性分析的潜在生物指示物。  相似文献   

一种新型生物交联剂的制备及其性质   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁晔  LIU Wan-Shun  韩宝芹  WEI Xiao-Juan  彭燕飞  YANG Yan 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(4)

为在海藻酸钠分子中引入新的活性功能基团,制备出1种新型生物交联剂.本研究采用高碘酸钠氧化法,得到含不同醛基量的氧化海藻酸钠,用MTT法评价了它们的细胞毒性,并对其体内降解性和生物相容性进行了研究.结果表明:氧化海藻酸钠(氧化度<50%)的细胞毒性为0～2级,氧化度越高其细胞毒性越强;含相同醛基量的氧化海藻酸钠(氧化度为24%)与戊二醛相比,前者对细胞无明显抑制作用,毒性较低,而后者明显抑制细胞的生长,具有很强的细胞毒性.体内降解性和生物相容性实验结果表明,适度氧化的海藻酸钠不但保留了海藻酸钠良好的生物相容性,而且改善了其降解性.所以,适度氧化的海藻酸钠是1种新型的低毒性生物交联剂.  相似文献   

亚致死剂量铜对文昌鱼和玫瑰无须的组织病理学影响     

韩莉  郭斌 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(1):95-102

采用半静水实验法测试研究了重金属Cu2 对文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)和玫瑰无须(Puntius conchonius)的急性致死毒性和亚急性毒性.实验结果表明,Cu2 对文昌鱼和玫瑰无须 24,48,72,96 h的半致死浓度分别为0.561,0.373,0.261,0.211 mg/L及0.976,0.783,0.562,0.473 mg/L,其安全质量浓度分别为0.021和0.047 mg/L.亚急性毒性实验中,文昌鱼和玫瑰无须 分别用浓度为20%和30%的 96 h LC50的Cu2 处理.不同器官的组织病理学观察结果表明,过量Cu2 对玫瑰无须 的鳃、肝脏、肾脏等器官产生毒害,对文昌鱼鳃和肝盲囊细胞也产生了严重的毒害,表现为细胞空泡化等明显的结构破坏.实验结果显示文昌鱼的肝盲囊和脊椎动物的肝脏一样,也是受过量铜显著毒害的主要靶器官器官.因此,文昌鱼的肝盲囊至少在经受过量Cu2 毒害方面与脊椎动物肝脏具有相似性,从生理功能方面为类文昌鱼祖先的盲囊(digestive caecum)是脊椎动物肝脏的前体这一假说提供了资料.  相似文献   

利用鱼卵胚胎发育毒性试验评价城市废水的处理效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林建清  WANG Xin-hong  钟建兴  LIN Mei  巫晶晶  CONG Wei 《台湾海峡》2008,27(3)

以真鲷鱼卵为材料试验了两个污水处理厂不同处理单元水样(进水口、中间处理过程、出水口的水样)对鱼卵胚胎发育的毒性效应.结果表明:(1)鱼卵胚胎发育毒性试验是检查废水生态毒性的敏感指标.(2)城市废水对鱼卵胚胎发育的死亡率、畸形率效应显著高于对照组.(3)随着废水的处理过程,进水口、中间处理过程、出水口的水样对鱼卵胚胎发育的死亡率、总致死率不断降低,但是降低的幅度远低于废水中COD降低的幅度.(4)杏林污水处理厂的出水口水样COD值低于集美污水处理厂出水口水样的COD值,但是,鱼卵的死亡率和总致死率却较高;目前仍采用COD表征废水的处理效果存在一定的局限性,鱼卵胚胎毒性试验可弥补这方面的不足.  相似文献   

应用平衡分配模型评价渤海湾和莱州湾沉积物重金属潜在生物毒性     

李力  王小静  白亚之  孙翌  刘季花 《海洋学报》2015,37(2):75-84

为探讨渤海沉积物中重金属的生物毒性,采集了渤海湾和莱州湾共72个站点的表层沉积物,测定了酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步萃取金属(SEM)、有机碳(TOC)等参数,应用平衡分配模型(EqP Model)评价了沉积物中重金属的潜在生物毒性。研究显示,有8个站点超过了EqP Model的毒性阈值,显示潜在生物毒性,而61%的站点应无生物毒性。本研究同时测定了沉积物的总含量,应用几种常用的沉积物质量基准进行了评价虽然有部分站点的Cu、Ni、Cr超过了基准值,但与渤海的背景值比较,这些基准值可能并不适用于评价渤海沉积物。研究显示,EqP Model可以更有效的评价沉积物中重金属的活性和生物毒性,尤其针对我国近岸海域的沉积物,TOC和AVS含量偏低而重金属生物毒性偏高的情况可能普遍存在,更应积极考虑应用EqP Model进行重金属生物毒性的评价。  相似文献   

‘Initial＇ Soil Moisture Effects on the Climate in China- A Regional Climate Model Study     

SHI Xueli 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(2)

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Application of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae     

颜天  王云峰  王丽平  陈洋  韩刚  周名江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(2):376-382

The toxicity of seven major HAB (harmful algal bloom) species/strains, Prorocentrum donghaiense, Phaeocystis globosa, Prorocentrum micans, Alexandrium tamarense (AT-6, non-PSP producer), Alexandrium lusitanicum, Alexandrum tamarense (ATHK) and Heterosigma akashiwo were studied against rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory conditions. The results show that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6), or A. lusitanicum could maintain the individual survival and reproduction, as well as the population increase of the rotifer, but the individual reproduction would decrease when exposed to these five algae at higher densities for nine days; H. akashiwo could decrease the individual survival and reproduction, as well as population increase of the rotifer, which is similar to that of the starvation group, indicating that starvation might be its one lethal factor except for the algal toxins; A. tamarense (ATHK) has strong lethal effect on the rotifer with 48h LC₅₀ at 800 cells/mL. The experiment on ingestion ability indicated by gut pigment change shows that P. donghaiense, P. globosa, P. micans, A. tamarense (AT-6) and A. lusitanicum can be taken by the rotifers as food, but A. tamarense (ATHK) or H. akashiwo can be ingested by the rotifers. The results indicate that all the indexes of individual survival and reproduction, population increase, gut pigment change of the rotifers are good and convenient to be used to reflect the toxicities of HAB species. Therefore, rotifer is suggested as one of the toxicity testing organisms in detecting the toxicity of harmful algae. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-208), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40821004, U0733006) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2001CB409700)  相似文献   

A perusal on the correlation of pesticide application on tobacco growing in the districts of NWFP-Pakistan and cancers incidence     

Jehangir Shah Abdur Rahman Mumtaz Khan Khan 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):187-188

Tobacco is an important cash crop in Pakistan. It is a sensitive plant prone to many bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. It is also attacked by several species of worms, beetles and moths. Therefore high levels of pesticides are used to grow tobacco. The obvious benefits from the use of the pesticides are so spectacular that some of the problems associated with their use are not recognized. However, many of these pesticides are highly toxic and have impacts on tobacco workers, especially occupational exposures, which are the direct victims of pesticides poisoning. The victims include many children, pregnant women and elders who all participate in tobacco production. Pesticides either cause or exacerbate a number of illnesses in farmers and farm workers when they are exposed to them. So, occupational exposure is probably one of the most important impacts on tobacco farmers, since they and their families are exposed constantly to a large amount of pesticides. This exposure can lead to many serious problems. No study has been done to identify the effects of tobacco pesticides on human health especially on farmers health in Pakistan. The objective of this paper is to establish a correlation of pesticides application on tobacco crop with cancer incidence in the tobacco growing districts of NWFP- Pakistan.  相似文献   

烟台、日照近海及南四湖沉积物中的多氯联苯   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

杨永亮  潘静  李红莉  高虹  史双昕  石磊 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2003,22(2):108-113

本对南四湖、日照与烟台近海表层沉积物中的36种多氛联苯(PCBs)异构体的含量、分布特征、毒性当量浓度及其来源进行7初步探讨。总PCBs含量以南四湖最高(0．随心g和0．63ng/g)。日照、烟台近海分别为0．27ng/g和0．35ng/g，均落在国内外海洋近岸表层沉积物含量范围的低值区。近海沉积物中多氛联苯主要以低氛代PCBs(一至五氛)为主，而南四湖南、北部沉积物都是以四、五、六氛代PCBs为主要组分，反映了山东内陆湖与沿海多氛联苯的来源有别。烟台近海沉积物中共平面PCBs对总毒性当量浓度的影响高达三分之一，表明有相对较大比例的共平面多氛联苯的输入来源。  相似文献   

矿山水体中的砷：一份国际性的研究     

M.Williams  葛秀珍 《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2002,(1):15-16

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