高海拔地区工程测量坐标系的选择     

刘成贵  杨占英  李启录 《青海国土经略》2009,(5):41-42

本文就工程测量中投影变形所采取的解决方法，列举了有关的公式，对有关参考椭球参数投影面、长度改算等问题进行讨论，并进行了试算与比较。  相似文献   

ERA-Interim地表温度资料在青藏高原多年冻土区的适用性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

秦艳慧  吴通华  李韧  谢昌卫  乔永平  陈浩  邹德富  张乐乐 《高原气象》2015,(3):666-675

地表温度综合反映了大气和地表植被、土壤等局地因素相互作用的能量交换状况,是许多冻土分布模型和寒区陆面过程模式的上边界条件,对多年冻土分布和活动层厚度估算具有重要意义。为了检验ERA-Interim再分析地表温度资料在青藏高原(下称高原)多年冻土区的适用性,综合比较了2011年1月1日至2012年12月31日期间高原不同类型多年冻土区3个综合观测场的观测地表温度和ERA-Interim再分析资料之间的偏差、均方差、相关系数、解释方差、均方根误差和平均绝对误差。结果表明,ERA-Interim再分析资料能较好地再现高原多年冻土区3个综合观测场地表温度的基本特征,并能较好地描述高原地表温度的季节变化。但ERA-Interim再分析年平均地表温度比观测值偏低,西大滩、五道梁和唐古拉站依次偏低1.7,1.0和0.9℃;地表温度的再分析值和观测值之间的相关系数和解释方差都较高,均方差也相近。ERA-Interim再分析地表温度资料对观测站点相对稀少且空间分布不均匀的高原多年冻土区具有较好的适用性,可以作为地表温度的有效代用资料。  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土层中地下冰储量估算及评价   总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5  

赵林  丁永建  刘广岳  王绍令  金会军 《冰川冻土》2010,32(1):1-9

过去几十年来,沿青藏公路/铁路多年冻土区已经完成了数千个钻孔的钻探工作.经过仔细筛选,对其中的697个钻孔剖面的地下冰分布状况和其中9261个重量含水量的分布特征进行了分析.在水平方向上,依据地下冰的分布特征,把青藏公路/铁路沿线的多年冻土划分成少冰冻土、多冰冻土、富冰冻土、饱冰冻土和含土冰层5个含冰量类别,并详细统计了各类冻土沿公路所占里程.在垂向上,将每个钻孔划分出3个深度段:即多年冻土上限以下1m范围内、上限下深1～10m段及上限下10m以下段,统计了各深度地下冰储量.青藏公路沿线多年冻土的平均厚度为38.79m,平均含水量为17.19%,据此初步估算出青藏高原多年冻土区地下冰的总储量为9528km3.  相似文献   

通风块石层非达西效应的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李靖波  赵爱国  杨玉贵  董元宏 《冰川冻土》2010,32(2)

块石通风路基是青藏铁路建设中保护多年冻土的主要措施,准确地描述空气在块石中的流动是块碎石路基冷却效应数值分析的首要问题.通过风洞试验研究了块石层内部渗流速度和压力梯度的关系,试验中块石的平均粒径为12.5cm,孔隙率为0.487,风速和压力差数据是在不同的风机转速下测得.结果表明:块石层内空气渗流速度随压力梯度增大而增大,压力梯度与渗流速度之间存在非线性关系.基于Forchheimer方程,利用试验数据获得了块石层的渗透率和惯性阻力系数.这些结果可为各种块石结构路基降温效果的数值分析提供理论基础.  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土活动层土壤水分对高寒草甸覆盖变化的响应   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3  

李元寿  王根绪  赵林  吴青柏  王一博  张人禾 《冰川冻土》2010,32(1):157-165

对青藏高原高寒草甸30%、60%和93%三种覆盖度下,多年冻土活动层的土壤水分随季节变化的观测研究,结果表明:多年冻土活动层土壤水分分布对植被覆盖变化响应强烈.年内不同时期,植被覆盖度为65%和30%的土壤表层20cm深度内水分含量及分布相似,每次降水后30%覆盖度土壤水分的变率略大于65%覆盖度的;而93%覆盖度土壤水分在年内解冻开始到冻结前均小于前两种覆盖类型;植被覆盖度越小,土壤冻结和融化响应时间越早,响应历时也越短;浅层土壤冻结和融化对植被覆盖度的响应程度较强,接近深层土壤冻结和融化对植被覆盖度的响应程度降低.覆盖度为30%和65%土壤水分在整个冻结过程的减少幅度比93%覆盖度土壤大10%～26%,而融化期水分增加幅度更大为1.5%～80%;土壤冻融的相变水量对植被覆盖度变化响应明显,植被覆盖度降低,土壤冻结和融化相变水量增大.由于受植被蒸腾与地表蒸散发和土壤温度梯度的影响,融化期土壤剖面的水分重新分配,总体上呈现水分向剖面上部和底部迁移,剖面中部60～80cm深度左右的土壤出现"干层".  相似文献   

热融湖塘对多年冻土的热影响   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2  

崔巍  吴青柏  刘永智 《冰川冻土》2010,32(4)

以发育于青藏高原多年冻土区的红梁河热融湖塘为例,研究了热融湖塘附近土体的热状态变化特征,以及其对湖岸多年冻土上、下限影响情况.结果表明:热融湖塘侧向热影响改变了热融湖塘下部和周围区域土体的热状态,使周围土体热状态处于动平衡状态,既受热融湖塘的热影响,也受到周围多年冻土的热影响.热融湖塘对周围浅层土体温度和多年冻土上限影响相对较小,但热融湖塘热影响引起了湖岸边缘的多年冻土上限增大和地温升高.热融湖塘对深部土体温度和多年冻土厚度有较大的影响.  相似文献   

Dating of two thermokarst lakes in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau     

ZhanJu Lin  ;FuJun Niu  ;Jing Luo  ;MingHao Liu  ;GuoAn Yin 《寒旱区科学》2014,(5):504-510

Most of the thermokarst lakes are spread appreciably in Beiluhe Basin,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where ice-rich permafrost exists.Two typical thermokarst lakes with differing area and depth were examined to ascertain their age.We obtained lake-bottom samples of 50 cm length from lake BLH-A and 25 cm length from lake BLH-B.Environmental 137 Cs and 210 Pb and radiocarbon age dating techniques were applied to the 50 cm and 25 cm samples,respectively.The results indicate that the initiation of BLH-A is about 800-900 a B.P.,and approximately 1,450±30 a B.P.to 2,230±30 a B.P.for BLH-B.These results will provide scientific bases for sedimentological study and thermokarst activity in Beiluhe Basin.  相似文献   

Monitoring of small and medium embankment dams on permafrost in a changing climate     

Rudolf V. Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(4):0348-0355

Global climate warming which began in the second half of the twentieth century is continuing. It is associated with increased risks for ecological management, especially in permafrost areas comprising over 65% of Russia. Of special concern are dams constructed on permafrost. They are subject not only to climatic impacts, but also to additional hydrothermal loads from water reservoirs. This paper presents the concept of geocryological monitoring of dams and other water resource projects and substantiates its necessity in view of climatic change. It also presents methods, scope and implementation of geocryological monitoring at medium and small dams, considering the specific nature of Far Northern areas, as well as the complicated geotechnical, hydrogeological and permafrost conditions.  相似文献   

Medium and small embankment dams on permafrost: A discussion of current concepts     

Rudolf V. Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(4):0340-0347

This article discusses the current concepts of dam design and construction in permafrost regions. It is demonstrated that embankment dams often change their state from frozen to thawed and back during the operation period. It is shown that these transitions are not always attributable to observed climate warming. Where geotechnical, hydrogeological, and permafrost conditions are complicated, proper performance of embankment dams can only be provided by adhering to a selected thermal design for, as an example, a frozen state.  相似文献   

Spectrum Analysis of Wind Profiling Radar Measurements          下载免费PDF全文

RUAN Zheng  MU Ruiqi  WEI Ming  GE Runsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):656-667

Unlike previous studies on wind turbulence spectrum in the planetary boundary layer, this investigation focuses on high-altitude （1-5 km） wind energy spectrum and turbulence spectrum under various weather conditions. A fast Fourier transform （FFT） is used to calculate the wind energy and turbulence spectrum density at high altitudes （1-5 km） based on wind profiling radar （WPR） measurements. The turbulence spectrum under stable weather conditions at high altitudes is expressed in powers within a frequency range of 2 × 10-5-10-3 s-1, and the slope b is between -0.82 and -1.04, indicating that the turbulence is in the transition from the energetic area to the inertial sub-range. The features of strong weather are reflected less obviously in the wind energy spectrum than in the turbulence spectrum, with peaks showing up at different heights in the latter spectrum. Cold windy weather appears over a period of 1.5 days in the turbulence spectrum. Wide-range rainstorms exhibit two or three peaks in the spectrum over a period of 15-20 h, while in severe convective weather conditions, there are two peaks at 13 and 9 h. The results indicate that spectrum analysis of wind profiling radar measurements can be used as a supplemental and helpful method for weather analysis.  相似文献