The potential role of freshwater luminescence measurements in exploring runoff pathways in upland catchments     

M. Newson  A. Baker  S. Mounsey 《水文研究》2001,15(6):989-1002

The forested Coalburn catchment (1·5 km²) in northern England experiences episodic stream acidification. To plan for sustainable management of the plantation forest cycle, an understanding is required of the flow pathways and hydrochemical routing signatures of the organic and mineral soils that make up the source areas for runoff. A tentative mixing model, based on simple water chemistry exists for the major (terrestrial) sources and buffers of acidification; it is being expanded and consolidated by a detailed approach to the organic components of runoff, via sampling and analysis of the luminescence of surface waters at the catchment outlet and in two distinctive feeder streams. Luminescence measurements are presented that permit a simple apportionment of source areas. However, the technique also appears to have potential for identifying differential flow sourcing between the acrotelm and catotelm of intact peat deposits and for clarifying the influence of forest root systems in altering the organic chemistry of infiltrating waters. Applications may include the monitoring and prediction of coloured water events for the water supply industry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrogeological and geochemical assessments of the Gediz Graben geothermal areas, western Anatolia, Turkey   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gültekin Tarcan  Ünsal Gemici  Niyazi Aksoy 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(4):523-534

Gediz Graben is an important area for geothermal activity in Turkey. Menderes Massif rocks consisting of gneisses, schists, marbles and granodiorite, comprise the aquifers of the geothermal systems. Neogene terrestrial sediments made up mainly of sandy and clayey conglomerates cap the systems. Gediz Graben geothermal areas are physically divided into seven main groups: Turgutlu-Urganl, Sart-Çamur, Caferbeyli, Üfürük, Kurunlu, Kavakldere-Sazdere and Alaehir geothermal areas. The third highest aquifer in Turkey temperature (182 ^°C) after Kzldere (242 ^°C) and Germencik (232 ^°C) was discovered in the Kavakldere-Sazdere area. The thermomineral waters of the Gediz Graben geothermal areas have outlet temperatures of 25^–95 ^°C and an electrical conductivity of 874–6020 S/cm. Mineralization is mostly dominated by Na⁺ (188–2027 ppm) and HCO₃^– (544–2950 ppm). Kavakldere-Sazdere area shows the highest boron content among the entire geothermal aquifers of Turkey. Major geochemical processes for thermomineral waters are carbonate and silicate dissolution and mixing.  相似文献   

Survey of stable isotope values in Irish surface waters     

Aaron?F.?Diefendorf Email author  William?P.?Patterson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,34(2):257-269

We present a study of the spatial distribution of δ¹⁸O and δD values of lake and river waters from 144 locations in Ireland. Before we can gain a better understanding of paleoclimate records derived from lacustrine carbonate minerals we must understand mechanisms that produce variation in isotope values of modern surface waters. The focus of this study is to provide insight into the behavior of lakes and rivers in Ireland, including source, recycling and loss through evapotranspiration. The short duration of sampling in this project provides a snapshot of modern isotope variability to be applied towards long-term climate change in Ireland and provides a basis of comparison for other proxy records.Electronic supplementary material to this article is available at and accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

Advantages of longer–term tracing -- three case studies from Slovenia     

Janja?Kogov?ekEmail author  Metka?Petric 《Environmental Geology》2004,47(1):76-83

A variety of human activities can negatively impact on sensitive karst environments, especially on karst water. To protect such water adequately it is necessary to obtain as much information as possible on the extent of the recharge zones and characteristics of the groundwater flow. The authors experience has shown tracer tests to be a very useful tool in acquiring such information. Three examples from Slovenia are presented in this paper. In the first, an estimate was made of the danger of water contamination resulting from a petrochemical storage depot. In the second, the possible impacts of an area used for military training were studied. In the third, the effects of the construction of a railway line on regionally important water resources were assessed. Besides basic information about the direction and velocity of groundwater flow, some methodological principles were also identified by the studies. In all three test areas sampling was carried out for a lengthy period and continued after the detection of the peak concentrations. The results show that only the use of such lengthy tracer tests enable the definition of those flow paths, which are activated in extreme hydrological conditions.  相似文献   

Conditions of formation mineral waters in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma     

D.?MarcinEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(5):646-650

Mineral waters in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma are formed on the tectonic fault zones of the Zlin formation and Makovica sandstones. Precipitation waters flow downwards thus becoming enriched in TDS content. The process is enhanced by inflow of CO₂ rich mineral waters of the Obidowa-Slopnice-Zboj unit, pushed by carbon dioxide and methane. Mineral waters in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma are of the Na-HCO₃ chemical type, typical for the mineral water springs of the Magura unit in this part of the flysch belt. The origin of chloride component in the TDS content can be found in the waters with thalasogenic mineralization beneath the Magura unit, where the Obidowa-Slopnice-Zboj unit is to be found. Hydrogeological structures in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma can be classified as combined hydrogeological structures, where the upper partial hydrogeological structure is opened (Magura unit) and the lower structure is semi-closed (unit Obidowa-Slopnice-Zboj).  相似文献   

Structural-tectonic features of accommodation deposits of mineral waters of Azerbaijan and their complex development     

A.?M.?BabayevEmail author  I.?Sh.?Ibragimova 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(5):680-682

The geological structure of the territory of Azerbaijan is characterized by numerous mineral waters of various chemical, gas, microcomponental structure, temperature and medical properties which are distributed over the territories of the Republic and their physical and chemical features are closely connected to the geostructural conditions of the individual districts in which they are found.  相似文献   

Dissolved oxygen distribution and O2 fluxes across the sea-air interface in East China Sea waters     

Song Jin-ming  Zhan Bin-qiu  Li Peng-cheng 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,14(4):297-302

This study on the sectional and vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the O₂ fluxes across the sea-air interface in East China Sea (ESC) waters shows that the waters were in steady state and that the difference of DO was great in upper and bottom waters in Apr. 1994; but that seawater mixing was strong and the difference of DO was small in upper and bottom waters in Oct. 1994. The above conclusions were specially obvious in continental shelf waters under 100 m. The DO maximum in subsurface layer waters appeared only at several stations and in general the DO in the waters decreased with depth. The horizontal distributions of O₂ fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared in stripes in Leg 9404 when most regions covered were supersaturated with O₂ seawater to air flux was large, and that on section No. 1 was 1.594 L/m²·d. The horizontal distribution of O₂ fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared lumpy in Leg 9410, when most regions covered were unsaturated with O₂·O₂ was dissolved from air to seawater, and the fluxes were 0.819 L/m²·d on section No. 1 in Leg 9310, 0.219 L/m²·d in Leg 9410. The main reasons for DO change in surface layer seawater were the mixture of upper and bottom layer water, and the exchange of O₂ across the sea-air interface. The variation of DO by biological activity was only 20% of total change of DO. Contribution No. 2716 from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

Structure analysis of shallow water ecosystems: Interaction of microbiological,chemical and physical characteristics measured in the overlying waters of sandy beach sediments     

Manfred Bölter  Lutz-Arend Meyer-Reil 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(5):579-589

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Wind-related resuspension of sediments in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System     

J.O. Gabrielson  R.J. Lukatelich 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(2):135-145

Resuspension of bottom sediments accounted for 69–92% of mean deposition rates (11·6–69·3 gm^?2 day^?1) measured at 5 sites in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System, Western Australia. Deposition rates at all but one of the sites were found to be correlated (P<0·05) with a function of wind combining a fetch factor with the number of hours of winds greater than 5 ms^?1 weighted by the third power of wind velocity. The exception was the only site with a cover of benthic algae (Cladophora) during the study. Wind-related resuspension greatly affects the forms and amounts of productivity in this system.  相似文献   

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China V:Silicon deficit process   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨东方  高振会  王培刚  孙培艳  刘霜 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2)

1 INTRODUCTION Land-sourced silicon are continuously input into the sea by rivers. After being assimilated by thousands of living organisms in the sea, silicon sinks with the marine living organisms to the sea bottom, showing a complete silicon transfer process. The study of this dynamic process need clarifying the characteristics of silicon in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zoo-plankton graze and marine ecosystem. 2 SILICON BEING INDISPENSABLE N…  相似文献