Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonics and geodynamics of Altai, Tien Shan, and Northern Kazakhstan, from apatite fission-track data     

M.M. Buslov  D.A. Kokh  J. De Grave 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2008,49(9):648-654

Apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronological modeling as a diagnostic tool for periods of stability (peneplanation) and tectonic activity (orogeny) has been broadly used in tectonic studies of Central Asia in recent years. We discuss more than 100 AFT ages of samples from the Kyrgyz Tien Shan and Altai and compare them with AFT data from northern Kazakhstan. Geological, geomorphological, and AFT data indicate intense activity in the Late Cenozoic Eurasian continental interior. The impact from the India-Eurasia collision on the northern Tien Shan, Altai, and northern Kazakhstan regions showed up at 11, 5, and 3 Ma, respectively, as a result of stress propagation into the continent, with the ensuing reactivation and mountain growth. We hypothesize that a distant effect of the Late Cenozoic India-Eurasia collision was to rejuvenate Paleozoic fault zones and to deform the Mesozoic sedimentary cover north of the collision front as far as the West Siberian Plate. The reactivation facilitated formation of tectonic oil and gas traps. The activity in northern Central Asia under the effect of the Indian indentation into Eurasia appears to continue and may evolve to include uplift of southern West Siberian plate with uplift.  相似文献   

节理岩体卸荷强度特性的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王飞  杜建坡  李秀芬 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(3):104-108

卸荷状态工程岩体的强度特性与传统的加载岩体有本质的区别。目前对于岩石卸荷强度特性的研究比较多见,但对于含节理的岩体在卸荷应力状态下的强度特性,尤其是节理面对其强度的影响研究实属少见。本文通过岩体三轴模拟试验研究了卸荷应力状态下节理岩体的破坏特征,突出考虑了节理面性质对卸荷强度的影响,在此基础上提出了节理岩体卸荷强度准则的一般表达式并进行了对比验证。  相似文献   

沪蓉高速柴家湾隧道围岩稳定性分析及支护效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

游依新  隋文忠 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(3):82-85

隧道围岩的应力分布及变形特征对保证其长期稳定性具有关键的作用。本文以柴家湾隧道为例进行实态建模,通过采用有限元软件ANSYS对其施工全过程进行了三维弹塑性数值模拟计算。研究结果表明,隧道拱顶和拱脚处应力集中现象明显,局部可能出现拉应力;变形主要集中在拱顶、拱腰部位,衬砌单元所受内力在规定强度范围以内,支护措施合理有效。  相似文献   

埃达克质岩的构造背景与岩石组合   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

王强  许继峰  赵振华  资锋  唐功建  贾小辉  姜子琦 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2008,27(4)

本文介绍了埃达克质岩形成的构造背景与岩石组合。埃达克质岩可以形成于不同的构造背景并与不同类型的岩石同时出现：1）火山弧环境中常出现埃达克质岩一高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武质岩组合,它的形成可能与板片熔融以及熔体一地幔橄榄岩的相互作用有关;2）大陆活动碰撞造山带环境（如羌塘）中埃达克质岩常与同期钾质或橄榄玄粗质岩共生,这可能与俯冲陆壳熔融和俯冲陆壳熔体交代的地幔橄榄岩熔融有关;3）造山带伸展垮塌环境（如大别山）中埃达克质岩会伴随有镁铁质一超镁铁质岩浆出露,增厚下地壳产生埃达克质岩浆后的榴辉岩质残留体拆沉进入地幔,与地幔橄榄岩的混合可能形成后期镁铁质一超镁铁质岩浆的源区;4）大陆板内伸展环境中埃达克质岩常与同期橄榄玄粗质的岩石共生,增厚、拆沉下地壳,以及富集地幔的熔融或岩浆混合在岩石的成因中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

肋柱式锚杆支挡结构的徐变次内力分析     

王后裕  刘志杰  言志信 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(3):127-130

采用老化徐变理论和等效弹性模量法,对肋柱式锚杆支挡结构的徐变影响提出了具体计算方法,并通过实例计算了支挡结构的徐变次内力。计算结果表明,在逆作法条件下,随着开挖深度的加大,岩土侧向压力也增大,使后期施工的混凝土构件产生的徐变次内力也随之增大;考虑徐变后使结构设计更加安全可靠,尤其坡脚处后期浇筑的混凝土构件,更要关注徐变的影响。  相似文献   

豫西太山庙花岗岩体特征与多金属矿产的关系     

马红义  刘永春  罗明伟 《华南地质与矿产》2008,(1):12-16

经从岩石学、矿物学、地球化学等方面对燕山期太山庙花岗岩体详细研究,认为该岩体侵入为一重要构造热事件,控制着区内多个多金属矿床的形成与规模。本文着重探讨和阐述太山庙花岗岩体特征及其对周边矿床的控矿关系。  相似文献   

Late Paleozoic volcanism in the central part of the Southern Permian Basin (NE Germany, W Poland): facies distribution and volcano-topographic hiati     

Marion Geißler  Christoph Breitkreuz  Hubert Kiersnowski 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):973-989

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Coalification in Carboniferous sediments from the Lötschberg base tunnel     

David J. A. Williams  Beda A. Hofmann  Ian G. Glasspool 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(3):651-658

Vitrinite reflectance (Rr), proximate analysis and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) have been used to characterise coal samples from two zones of Late Carboniferous sediments (Gastern and Ferden) in the Aar massif where they are penetrated by the Lötschberg base tunnel (constructed between 1999 and 2005). Samples are characterised by variable ash yields (21.7–93.9%; dry basis); those with ash yields of less than ~50% and with volatile matter content (V;dry ash-free basis) within the limits 2 < V% ≤ 8 are anthracite. Values of Rr range from 3.89% to 5.17% and indicate coalification to the rank of anthracite and meta-anthracite in both Gastern and Ferden Carboniferous zones. Samples of anthracite and shale from the Gastern Carboniferous exhibit a relatively small range in δ¹³C values (–24.52‰ to –23.38‰; mean: –23.86‰) and are lighter than anthracite samples from the Ferden Carboniferous (mean: –22.20‰). The degree of coalification in the Gastern and Ferden Carboniferous zones primarily depends on the maximum rock temperature (T) attained as a result of burial heating. Vitrinite reflectance based estimates of T range from ~290° –360 °C. For a proposed palaeogeothemal gradient of 25 ° C/km at the time of maximum coalification the required overburden is attributable to relatively thin autochtonous Mesozoic/Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the Aar massif and Gastern granite and deep tectonic burial beneath advancing Helvetic, Ultrahelvetic and Prealpine (Penninic) nappes in Early Oligocene to Miocene.  相似文献   

Illite crystallinity patterns in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco     

Geoffrey M. H. Ruiz  Urs Helg  François Negro  Thierry Adatte  Martin Burkhard 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2008,101(2):387-395

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应用生烃动力学法研究川东上二叠统烃源岩生烃史   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

徐立恒  陈践发  卢双舫  马广宇  李吉君 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(4)

现今川东上二叠统烃源岩生烃史研究具有局限性.首先,没有对上二叠统Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型灰岩生油、Ⅲ型泥岩的生气史分开评价;其次,海相镜质组反射率通过拟合公式换算成镜质体反射率评价烃源岩成熟度具有局限性.针对上述不足,笔者通过热模拟实验,利用化学动力学方法,标定出两类源岩生油、生气的动力学参数,并结合川东地区的埋藏史及热史,模拟出源岩有机质的成烃转化率曲线.研究表明:上二叠统灰岩、泥岩有机质在距今200 Ma和190 Ma分别进入了生油、生气门限,而在距今170 Ma和140 Ma生烃结束.  相似文献