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71.
元胞自动机具有能模拟复杂动态系统的强大能力,本文采用了多约束条件的元胞自动机模型,以广东佛山市2000年、2006年和2012年建设用地的变化为例,从自然、社会经济发展等方面综合考虑选取了高程、坡度、人口密度、道路交通、水系等对城市建设用地发展变化起决定作用的诸多因子,利用马尔科夫概率矩阵计算2000年~2006年建设用地变化,推算建设用地转移总量。结合Logistic-CA模型和决策树-CA模型,预测模拟了2012年的建设用地分布并与实际相比较,分析其整体精度和误差来源。结果显示基于CA模型的建设用地动态发展模拟具有良好的效果,可以为城市的发展规划,过程演变提供虚拟的实验手段和科学依据。 相似文献
72.
Abdul Hameed Shahida Hasnain 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(4):433-441
Many unicellular cyanobacteria were isolated from different places: fields, ponds, polluted water, and soils from Muredkey and Kasur tannery areas, near Lahore, Pakistan. Different media like BG 11 medium, Bold Basal medium, Chu's # 10 medium and Gotham's medium, in standard forms and with slight variations of ingredients, and different pH, temperature and light regimes were checked for the optimum growth of the isolates. The isolation pro- cedure was repeated with different concentrations of chromium to select the resistant strains. These selected strains grew on chromium of the range 100-200 μg/ml in BG 11 medium. Cyanobacteria were maintained in solid and liquid media with/without shaking. Cyanobacterial strains were collected from natural habitats that were accompanied by a diversified group of organisms including bacteria, protozoan, and rotifers etc. In order to eliminate these agents termed as contaminants, we used several methods including phenol treatment, use of antibiotic and careful manual picking of unicellular cyanobacteria. Resistance of these strains against different heavy metals (ZnSO4, MnSO4, NiSO4, COCl2, Pb(NO3)3, CuSO4, HgCl2, AgNO3 and CdCl2) and antibiotics (erythromycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, neomycin) was evaluated. Optimum temperature was 30℃ with variable pH for the reduction of Cr^6+ in to Cr^3+ in majority of strains. 相似文献
73.
The >1800 km long Coast Mountains–North Cascades orogen of the Canadian Cordillera and north-western US developed as a continental magmatic arc. Metamorphic rocks in the orogen contain widespread evidence for burial of supracrustal rocks to depths of c. 40 km, followed by nearly isothermal decompression to depths of <10 km. Near many shallowly-emplaced, mid-Cretaceous plutons, low-pressure contact metamorphic effects were overprinted by high-pressure regional metamorphic minerals and textures, as evidenced by kyanite±staurolite pseudomorphs after andalusite in metapelitic rocks. Therefore, near-pluton rocks record the loading history of the orogen. Metapelitic rocks not associated with plutons only preserve evidence for high-pressure conditions and/or high-temperature decompression, as indicated, for example, by sillimanite and cordierite after kyanite and garnet, respectively. Petrological evidence for burial and decompression is therefore recorded in different rocks. Various regions of the orogen differ in timing of metamorphism, the overall shape of P–T paths and the relative timing and regional extent of the high-pressure event, but most of these data and observations are consistent with thrusting and/or pure shear thickening as primary loading mechanisms throughout the orogen, as opposed to magma-dominated loading. This interpretation is further supported by comparison with thermal models, which demonstrate that the P–T paths are consistent with simultaneous thrusting and folding at a high initial geothermal gradient (35–40 °C km?1) in much of the orogen. A high geothermal gradient supports tectonic models invoking intra-arc contraction and suggests that magmatism played an important role in regional temperature-time paths. This tectonic-thermal history may be typical of other contractional orogens and illustrates the importance of large vertical displacement of crust in magmatic arcs. 相似文献
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75.
Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil 下载免费PDF全文
Kong Xiang-ke Zhang Zi-xuan Wang Ping Wang Yan-yan Zhang Zhao-ji Han Zhan-tao Ma Li-sha 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):223-232
High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and groundwater. To study the transformation mechanism of NH4+-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils, a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this study. The contents of ammonium nitrogen (as NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (as NO2?-N) and nitrate nitrogen (as NO3?-N) were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load, soil particle and redox environment. Sigmodial equation was used to interpret the change of NO3?-N with time in contaminated soils. The abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes (amoA and nxrA) were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR method. The results show that the nitrification of NH4+-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load, finer particle size and more oxidizing environment. The sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO3?-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated soils. The Cr(III) content increased with increasing pollution load, which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils, especially in coarse-grained soil. The accumulation of NO2?-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand, and only 41.5% of the NH4+-N was transformed to NO3?-N. The redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the soil. Compared to the aerobic soil environment, the transformation of NH4+-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition, and the NO3?-N contents decreased by 37.2%, 61.9% and 91.9% under low, medium and high pollution loads, respectively. Nitrification was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger than that of fine sand. Moreover, the copy numbers of amoA and nxrA genes in the silt soil under the aerobic environment were 2.7 times and 2.2 times larger than those in the anaerobic environment. The abundance changes of the amoA and nxrA functional genes have a positive correlation with the nitrification intensity in the tannery sludge-contaminated soil. 相似文献
76.
采用1980-2011年气象台站地面气象要素观测资料、高空探空资料,时间和空间加密气象观测站资料,以及中国气象档案馆原始天气图表等资料,基于沙尘气溶胶浓度(PM10)潜势源地贡献函数PSCF(Potential source contribution function)的沙尘系统追踪方法,发展空气质量气象条件PLAM(……)指数对沙尘天气过程的路径跟踪,给出1980-2011年东北亚沙尘天气过程特征分布;采用Spline趋势分析,讨论沙尘天气系统强度的年变化特征。结果表明:基于气溶胶浓度PSCF函数和气象条件PLAM指数追踪得出,中国和东亚地区沙尘天气过程年际强度变化并非单调减弱,具有历史持续性与转折突变性并存的波状变化趋势,出现准10 a的高低频活动特征。 相似文献
77.
基于标准化降水指数的近51a山东临沂市旱涝时空特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于1961—2011年临沂市10个气象观测站的逐月降水数据,采用标准化降水指数(SPI),分析了临沂市旱涝时空分布特征。结果表明:临沂市旱涝变化具有阶段性特征,1960年代初中期和1970年代初中期,雨涝频繁;1960年代中后期和1970年代中后期及整个1980年代,干旱频繁;1990年代到21世纪初早期旱涝交替发生,2003年以后以雨涝为主。冬春季干旱呈弱的减轻趋势,秋旱呈弱加剧趋势,夏季旱涝变化趋势不明显。北部山区、西部丘陵、南部平原的旱涝变化总体上具有相对一致的趋势,但在1960年代中期、1980年代中期、21世纪初早期西部丘陵的旱涝变化幅度较其他2个区域要大。全市旱涝变率在21世纪初早期最大,1970年代中后期最小,3个区域的变率总体上表现出与全市大致相同的趋势,2004年以后南部平原旱涝变率持续增大。 相似文献
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79.
一种双向测距与时间同步系统的设计与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在研究双向单程伪距测量原理的基础上,设计了双向测距与时间同步(DRTS)终端系统总体构架,阐述了在系统中使用的技术,并搭建了基于DSP+FPGA的双向测距与时间同步系统软硬件平台。实验结果表明,此系统的码速率为5MHz、中心频率为15MI-Iz时,测距和时间同步的分辨率可达0.15cm和5ps(@1S),采用不同频率源时测距和时间同步的精度分别为1.038m和3.46ns,采用相同频率源时分别为0.28cm和9.43ps(参考频率稳定度1×10^-10/d量级)。与国外同类产品相比具有测量精度优势,但考虑通用性,此系统的硬件仍需进一步优化,软件上需要做到码速率可调。 相似文献
80.