钙钛矿蠕变对俯冲带震源深度极限的约束   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

许俊闪 《地球物理学报》2014,57(10):3218-3225

本文利用林伍德石、钙钛矿两种矿物在不同差应力下随温度变化的蠕变曲线,通过约束温度条件和板块俯冲引起的弹性应变率,得到了俯冲带670 km深度可能的应力范围. 结果显示,在俯冲带670 km深度基于林伍德石蠕变得到应力大小可能超过100 MPa,而相变为钙钛矿后仅为0.1~10 MPa. 通过分析认为钙钛矿的Si扩散引起的快速应变率使得670 km更深深度的俯冲带无法支持较大的应力,可能是下地幔地震终止的原因,而不需要考虑亚稳态相变导致反裂隙断层的消失或林伍德石分解后超塑性等影响.  相似文献   

小行星深空探测的科学意义和展望   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

徐伟彪  赵海斌 《地球科学进展》2005,20(11):1183-1190

太阳系深空探测活动方兴未艾,小行星探测已成为主要发展方向。通过回顾近年来几个主要的国际小行星空间探测计划以及取得的研究成果,总结了小行星深空探测从早期的近距离飞越到小行星低空绕轨勘探,到目前的表面软着陆和采集样品返回的发展进程。同时深空探测也给行星科学研究者提出了新的挑战,鉴于目前行星科学的研究热点,详细叙述了小行星深空探测急需解决的重大科学问题及其科学意义,随后简单介绍了未来小行星深空探测计划的科学目标,为小行星深空探测的具体任务提供了科学目标选择方向。最后呼吁我国及时介入小行星深空探测,提升航天能力,开拓深空领域。  相似文献   

瀑布沟水电站库首右岸深部裂缝成因分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈鸿  赵其华  陈卫东 《工程地质学报》2005,13(3):289-293

水电工程常常建在高山峡谷地带,其天然岸坡通常由坡面向内有一个强卸荷带和弱卸荷带以及相应的强风化和弱风化带,内侧则为完整新鲜的岩石。对涉及的工程岸坡在正常卸荷带以内发育的一系列张性破裂或破裂带,称之为深拉裂缝。瀑布沟水电站库首右岸存在两个拉裂变形体,通过对其岸坡深部拉裂缝空间发育分布、变形特征的考察,综合分析造成深部裂缝发育规律与变形特征的因素。在此基础上提出,库首右岸深部拉裂缝是岸坡快速卸荷条件下浅表生改造的产物,其形成时期相当于河谷由宽谷深切为峡谷这一转换时期。  相似文献   

南秦岭杨家坝多金属矿区中的碳酸岩岩相学及成矿地球化学   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘显凡  朱赖民  赵甫峰  卢秋霞  蔡飞跃  蔡永文  宋祥峰 《岩石学报》2009,25(5):1216-1224

秦岭造山带是我国重要的成矿区带之一。研究发现,南秦岭杨家坝多金属矿区中元古界碧口群火山沉积岩系中原以为所夹的“白云岩”在产状上具侵入接触关系,并且从岩相学、元素和同位素地球化学分析论证,确认其为源自地幔的碳酸岩;岩石总体表现为明显富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,尤以Sr、Ba相对富集,而过渡元素,尤以Ti、Cr、Ni相对亏损,高场强元素则表现为矿化蚀变较之弱蚀变和无蚀变相对富集,这与岩相学研究伴随硅化和硫化物蚀变而发育多金属矿化,以及同位素系列研究表现强烈相似于EMⅡ型富集地幔背景,并具碳酸岩与碳酸盐岩的过渡特征形成呼应,暗示矿区碳酸岩及相关矿化的形成,可能与秦岭造山带从中元古代到中新生代发生同生成矿,或构造体制转换并伴随后造山期强烈陆内造山作用导致的壳幔叠加改造密切相关,是重大深部地质事件的标志。碳酸岩的发现和确认,为论证本区深部地质地球化学动力学事件和过程,以及壳幔混染对成矿的贡献提供了新的岩石学证据。  相似文献   

苏鲁造山带深部构造的接收函数图象   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘因  汪青  姜枚  王亚军 《岩石学报》2009,25(7):1658-1662

宽频地震探测获得横切苏鲁造山带的滨州-日照剖面和蓬莱-青岛剖面的接收函数图象。在图中识别出一系列密度界面和断裂面。新Moho面深度35~41km,形态清晰连续完整,表明苏鲁造山带形成以来的壳幔相互作用已经相当彻底。苏鲁造山带和胶辽朝地块的岩石圈底面深度105km,靠近郯庐断裂逐渐抬升到90km。在苏鲁造山带内部识别出了造山过程中形成的构造界面。它们所勾画出的深部构造图案支持扬子板块拖带北中国板块边缘深俯冲剥蚀模型,并且指示苏鲁超高压变质带的北界位于莱西一线的胶莱盆地之下。  相似文献   

软土深基坑变形与控制技术初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

谈金忠  汤国毅  倪秀平  陈新华 《江苏地质》2009,33(2):179-183

通过对软土深基坑变形机理与影响因素的分析,提出了基坑工程变形全过程控制的理念,探讨了控制变形的设计与施工技术方法及针对变形异常应采取的应急措施。结合工程实践,分析了软土深基坑变形的特征,应用地层损失法原理计算了墙后地表沉降量,与实测值比较,得出了该方法可以应用于工程实践的认识。  相似文献   

胶西北地区三维地质模型构建及意义          下载免费PDF全文

姚铮  贺春艳  郭国强  刘辉 《山东国土资源》2022,38(3):39-44

为服务于山东深部找矿,结合金矿成矿机理及预测评价,利用Creatar Xmodeling平台建立了胶西北地区三维地质模型,直观、清楚地反映出胶西北地区地层厚度及变化趋势,岩浆岩展布规模、深度及相互接触关系,从空间分布视角可以看出,金成矿与玲珑花岗岩、郭家岭花岗岩、伟德山花岗岩存在密切关联;全方位展示出断裂带之间的关系,...  相似文献   

Deep Space 1 at comet 19P/Borrelly: Magnetic field and plasma observations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. Richter  C. Koenders  B.T. Tsurutani  R. Goldstein 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(8):691-698

On September 22, 2001 the Deep Space 1 spacecraft performed a flyby at comet 19P/Borrelly at a solar distance of 1.36 AU leading the Earth by 74^° in longitude. The spacecraft-comet distance at closest approach was 2171 km. The bow shock had a magnetic compression ratio of 2.5 at a distance of 147 100 km from the nucleus. Deep Space 1 first entered the sheath region essentially from the north polar region. Fluctuations from the cometary ion pickup were present throughout the sheath region and even well upstream of the shock, as expected. The magnetic field pileup region had a peak field strength of 83 nT and was shown to be consistent with a pressure equal to the solar wind ram pressure. The peak field location was offset from the time of closest approach. It is uncertain whether this is a spatial or temporal variation. Draping of magnetic fields around the nucleus was sought, but evidence for this was not apparent in the data. A possible explanation is that the interplanetary solar wind was composed of turbulent short-scale fields, and thus the fields were not symmetric about the point of closest approach. During the flyby phase there were in general few intervals of ACE data where there were large scale Parker spiral fields. With the addition of plasma data, the shock properties are investigated. The characteristics of magnetic draping, pileup and fluctuations are explored. These comet 19P/Borrelly results are contrasted with other cometary flyby results.  相似文献   

Influence of salinity on permeability characteristics of marine sediments     

U. V. Jose  S. T. Bhat  B. U. Nayak 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):249-258

Abstract

Laboratory tests were conducted on compacted marine sediments to study the effect of salt concentration of permeating fluid on its permeability characteristics. Deep sea sediment samples were collected from water depths varying from 3700 to 4500 m off Mauritius coast. Liquid limit and plasticity index varied widely from 45 to 75 and 10 to 35, respectively. Permeability was found at different void ratios with distilled water and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 N NaCl solutions as permeating fluid. It was found that permeability increases with an increase in salt concentration for a given void ratio. This is explained by diffused double layer theory. Also, the rate of increase in permeability decreases with increase in salt concentration. The effect of salt concentration seemed to be less at higher void ratios.  相似文献   

Ferromanganese Nodules and Crusts from the Christmas Island Region,Indian Ocean     

N. F. Exon  M. D. Raven  E. H. De Carlo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):275-297

A sampling expedition has shown that largely hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese deposits occur in the Christmas Island region south of Java (~10°S), as small nodules on seamount slopes and abyssal plains (red clay), and as thick crusts on volcanic ridges and seamounts. Vernadite is dominant, with birnessite, jacobsite and todorokite common. Nodules were recovered in 25% of free-fall grab stations in water 4600-5900 m deep, and are not abundant where present. The nodules average 9.6% Fe, 19.7% Mn, 0.51% Ni, 0.49% Cu, and 0.12% Co. Crusts are common in water 1450-3700 m deep, with average deposition rates of 1-1.5 mm / m.y. The crusts average 13.9% Fe, 16.2% Mn, 0.35% Ni, 0.11% Cu, and 0.44% Co. Cobalt grades are higher (~0.8%) in shallower water ( < 2500 m), so future exploration should concentrate on depths of 500-1500 m near the oxygen minimum zone.  相似文献