江汉盆地白垩系渔洋组砂岩的成岩作用及其热力学分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

关平张文涛  吴雪松熊金玉 《岩石学报》2006,22(8):2144-2150

江汉盆地白垩系渔洋组砂岩存在五种类型的成岩作用。其中,与油气运移有关并对储层孔隙演化产生重要影响的是硬石膏的胶结与交代作用和后期方解石再次胶结作用。为了更好的研究成岩作用发生的控制因素以及成岩环境的变化,我们通过细致的热力学推导,绘制出包含方解石、白云石和硬石膏等矿物相在内的五组分相图。通过相图分析可以看出,pH 值在成岩作用过程中有着重要的作用。方解石和白云石的胶结及交代作用代表了偏中性或碱性的成岩环境;而硬石膏的胶结及交代作用则表明成岩环境由中性或碱性向酸性转变,例如酸性的油气前锋流体的注入。另外,成岩环境中阳离子(Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 ))和阴离子(CO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))的浓度对方解石、白云石和硬石膏的胶结、溶解及交代作用也有重要影响。  相似文献   

中韩第五次《东北亚地壳演化》学术研讨会在北京举行   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

东北亚地学中心 《岩石学报》1998,14(4):571-572

新疆天山东部广泛发育晚石炭世碳酸盐岩隆。这些岩隆主要为生物丘,少数为生物滩及与岩隆有关的生物层,其中生物丘含大量灰泥和内碎屑。基本岩石类型为泥粒状灰岩、粒泥状灰岩、粒泥状－泥粒状灰岩,少量岩石类型包括颗粒岩、骨架岩和障积岩。成岩作用是碳酸盐岩隆发展演化的重要阶段和过程,在生物丘内,已经识别出四种重要的胶结物,即球粒泥晶、纤状方解石、放射轴状方解石和粒状方解石。尽管缺失典型的造礁生物,但通过岩石类型研究和微相分析,认为碳酸盐岩隆的形成主要取决于生物作用及古环境格局。本区碳酸盐岩隆可以同欧洲瓦尔索坦的岩隆对比  相似文献   

油气充注对成岩作用的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡海燕 《海相油气地质》2004,(Z1)

油气充注对成岩作用的影响有三个方面 :抑制石英和伊利石的胶结作用、油气中所有机酸对深部孔隙的溶蚀改造作用、油气超压对压实的缓冲作用。英国北海Miller油气藏等的资料显示 ,油气充注较早时 ,油区的石英胶结速率比水区的明显要低 ,石英的胶结丰度比一般预测值低 ,而孔隙度比一般的预测值要高。我国渤海湾盆地东营凹陷油田资料显示 ,无论浅部或深部 ,凡是含油砂岩 ,其长石类及碳酸盐类矿物的溶解都十分强烈 ,次生孔隙很发育 ,而不含油的砂岩 ,其矿物溶解及次生孔隙发育一般较差 ;油层的方解石、白云石含量一般比水层低 ,深层尤为明显。干酪根生成油气时的流体体积增加 ,可大大增加孔隙流体压力 ,产生超压 ,并可传递到储集层 ,因而大大增加对压实作用的抵抗能力。上述三方面实质上都为深部油气成藏改善了储层基础 ,对深部油气勘探具有非常现实的意义。  相似文献   

莫索湾地区侏罗系三工河组储集层沉积及成岩作用特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

德勒达尔  张有平  帕尔哈提  王安生 《新疆地质》2003,21(3):269-273

主要根据5口评价井，莫101、莫102、莫103、莫104、莫105井及盆5、盆6井的取心资料、电测曲线、综合录井资料以及地震资料分析研究，得出研究区侏罗系三工河组J1s2^2；地层的岩石学特征，认为储层的岩石类型为细中粒岩屑砂岩及不等粒岩屑砂岩，细粒岩屑砂岩少量．沉积相为三角洲前缘亚相，并指出它们在纵向上的沉积序列特征及砂体展布特征．通过大量的分析化验数据分析了成岩作用类型，划分了其成岩序列及成岩阶段．指出压实作用、粘土矿物及敏感性及软碎屑等因素不同程度的影响了储集层。  相似文献   

Controls of facies and sediment composition on the diagenetic pathway of shallow-water Heterozoan carbonates: the Oligocene of the Maltese Islands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrea C. Knoerich  Maria Mutti 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(4):494-510

Relatively few studies have so far addressed diagenetic processes in Heterozoan carbonates and the role that sediment composition and depositional facies exert over diagenetic pathways. This paper presents a study of Oligocene shallow-water, Heterozoan carbonates from the Maltese Islands. We investigate stratigraphic distribution, abundance and timing of diagenetic features and their relationship to sediment composition and depositional facies. The studied carbonate rocks comprise rud- to packstones of the Heterozoan association predominantly containing coralline red algae, bryozoans, echinoids and benthic foraminifers. XRD analyses show that all high-Mg calcite has been transformed to low-Mg calcite and that no aragonite is preserved. Diagenetic processes include dissolution of aragonitic biota, neomorphism of high-Mg calcitic biota to low-Mg calcite and cementation by fibrous, bladed, epitaxial and blocky cements. Stable isotopes on bulk rock integrated with petrographic data suggest that the study interval was not exposed to significant meteoric diagenesis. We interpret early cementation to have taken place in the marine and marine burial environment. The distribution and abundance of early diagenetic features, determining the diagenetic pathway, can be related to the primary sediment composition and depositional texture. Sorting and micrite content are important controls over the abundance of diagenetic features.  相似文献   

意愿价值法评估生态服务价值的有效性与可靠性及实例设计研究     

张翼飞  赵敏 《地球科学进展》2007,22(11):1134-1140

意愿价值评估法（CVM）以新古典经济学需求理论为基础，通过构造假想市场使生态服务价值的评估成为可能。但是，经验研究中出现了与新古典经济理论及其预期不一致的异常现象，致使CVM的有效性与可靠性受到广泛质疑，而成为目前国际CVM研究的主要方向。对国际、国内CVM有效性与可靠性的研究进展进行了综述，重点梳理了国际上对WTP的内容依赖性、WTP与WTA的显著差异及可靠性与效益转移等方面的经验研究；而国内由于缺乏该方面的系统研究，制约了CVM在我国生态价值评估及环境公共政策制定中的应用。为此，在前期开展的实例研究基础上，设计了适合我国社会经济特征和生态环境特点的CVM有效性与可靠性研究的技术路线和多重调查方案，以期推动CVM在我国的进一步发展与应用。  相似文献   

Sedimentation, depositional environment and diagenesis of Eocene biosiliceous deposits in Gafsa basin (southern Tunisia)     

Mohsen Henchiri   《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2007,49(4-5):187-200

The sedimentary rocks of the Metlaoui Formation in the Gafsa basin (southern Tunisia), which may be grouped in three units: the basal (Thèlja), middle (Chouabine) and upper unit (Kef Eddour), provide a record of preserved sedimentary, authigenic and biological processes. This paper presents the findings of sedimentological investigations of the biosiliceous deposits of the middle unit. This unit contains either well-preserved (Opal-A) or diagenetically altered (Opal-CT, clinoptilolite, quartz and even clays) diatom frustules. Such diagenetic changes are commonly described in marine and lacustrine biosiliceous deposits. The fossil content of theses diatomaceous layers implies shallow-marine conditions.The opal-rich sediments, and the associated facies record the transgressive transitions associated with high organic productivity, probably enhanced by seasonal input of nutrients, and high sea level stands, and a close association with stratified water column conditions. The formation of bedded diatomaceous sediments is known to require either high organic productivity or anoxic conditions in bottom/intermediate water, and eventually both processes. The initial organic content of the biogenic deposits was impoverished in early stages of sedimentation and diagenesis. A large part of the organic matter could have been destroyed during early diagenetic processes and from further oxidation in outcrops.  相似文献   

Multiphase origin of the Cu–Co ore deposits in the western part of the Lufilian fold-and-thrust belt, Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)     

S. Dewaele  Ph. Muchez  J. Vets  M. Fernandez-Alonzo  L. Tack 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2006,46(5):455-469

A multiphase origin of the Cu–Co ores in the western part of the Lufilian fold-and-thrust belt in Central Africa is proposed based on literature, satellite image interpretations and petrographic and fluid inclusion analyses on samples from the stratiform mineralization of Kamoto and Musonoi (DR Congo). The various mineral occurrences in the Katanga Copperbelt can be classified in distinct categories: stratiform, supergene enrichment and vein-type. The stratiform mineralization form the largest group and can be found mainly in Lower Roan (R-2) rocks, which can be identified as ridges on satellite imagery. Ore deposits outside the R-2 occur along lineaments and result often from supergene enrichment.The main phase of the stratiform mineralization in the Katanga Copperbelt occurred during diagenesis preceding the Lufilian orogeny. Petrographic observation identified various mineralizing phases, which played a role in the formation of these stratiform mineralization. Mineralization started during early diagenesis, but mainly occurred during further burial. After the formation of early diagenetic pyrite, the circulation of diagenetic Cu–Co-rich fluids resulted in the formation of the main mineralization. Preliminary microthermometric investigation of primary inclusions in authigenic quartz, associated with the main stage of stratiform mineralization, indicates that an H₂O–NaCl fluid with a minimum temperature between 80 and 195 °C and a salinity between 8.4 and 18.4 eq. wt% NaCl circulated during the main phase of mineralization.Numerous faults and fractures formed during the Lufilian orogeny cut the stratiform mineralization. They are, however, at Kamoto and Musonoi only associated with minor sulphides. Supergene alteration along faults and fractures resulted in an enrichment of the mineralization, with the formation of secondary Cu-oxides, -carbonates and -silicates.The importance of the interaction of various processes for the formation of economic Cu–Co ore deposits is confirmed by the straightforward relationship on satellite imagery between the location of economic mineral occurrences and faults, which acted as pathway for descending waters that caused the supergene enrichment and upgrading of the primary mineralization.  相似文献   

Geochemical compositional changes at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition in fluviodeltaic deposits in the Tegelen-Reuver area (southeastern Netherlands)     

D. J. Huisman  G. T. Klaver  A. Veldkamp  B. J. H. van Os 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(1):154-169

2 O contents, which can be attributed to the Alpine source supplying fresh, sodic plagioclase-rich material instead of the local, strongly weathered sediments. Increasing K₂O/Al₂O₃ can be attributed to a similar decrease in degree of weathering. However, this trend is disturbed by the loss of K from clay minerals during weathering in organic-rich layers. Local high TiO₂ anomalies, caused by preferential sorting and concentration, are found in most Pliocene sections, but they are absent in the Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene Alpine-derived deposits. This change is probably due to a change in the energy of the fluvial system. Finally, (pyrite-) S contents drop (siderite-) Fe contents rise. Micromorphological observations indicate that the Pliocene pyrite was formed when freshwater deposits were flooded with seawater during short-term events. The decrease in S, and the increase in siderite-Fe, can be attributed to decreasing marine influence, as a result of the marine regression at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition. Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 2 November 1999  相似文献   

NMR relaxation of neritic carbonates: An integrated petrophysical and petrographical approach     

Benoit Vincent  Marc Fleury  Yannick Santerre  Benjamin Brigaud 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,74(1):38-58

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