Reef-capping laminites in the Upper Silurian carbonate- to-evaporite transition, Michigan Basin, south-western Ontario     

Mario Coniglio  ROB Frizzell  Brian R. Pratt† 《Sedimentology》2004,51(3):653-668

Silurian pinnacle reefs in the subsurface of the south‐western Ontario portion of the Michigan Basin display a variety of laminated carbonates (laminites) within predominantly muddy reef‐capping facies in the upper part of the Guelph Formation and the overlying A‐1 Carbonate of the Salina Group. Laminites, which are limestone, dolomite or partially dolomitized limestones, have a range of morphologies, from simple planar to a variety of wavy and serrated forms. Individual laminae are composed mainly of micrite, microspar or replacive dolomite, and vary internally from isopachous and continuous over the diameter of the core to non‐isopachous and often discontinuous. Clotted and peloidal micrite, sometimes defining small knobs and chambers, is interpreted as being microbial in origin and occurs within all types of laminites. Fibrous cement locally comprises laminite clasts in breccias or coats clasts in breccias, and also occurs as spherulites in the interparticle spaces in breccias. Although similar laminites have been described from elsewhere in the Michigan Basin and interpreted as caliche, travertine and abiotic subtidal stromatolites, the laminites in south‐western Ontario are most realistically regarded as microbial. The causes for the variations in morphology and characteristics of the constituent laminae are uncertain, although fluctuations in local microenvironmental conditions would have been important, set against a backdrop of an increasingly restricted overall setting. Caliche or travertine origins for these laminites are unlikely in general, except perhaps locally at the subaerial exposure surface at the tops of pinnacle reefs.  相似文献   

中韩第五次《东北亚地壳演化》学术研讨会在北京举行   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

东北亚地学中心 《岩石学报》1998,14(4):571-572

新疆天山东部广泛发育晚石炭世碳酸盐岩隆。这些岩隆主要为生物丘,少数为生物滩及与岩隆有关的生物层,其中生物丘含大量灰泥和内碎屑。基本岩石类型为泥粒状灰岩、粒泥状灰岩、粒泥状－泥粒状灰岩,少量岩石类型包括颗粒岩、骨架岩和障积岩。成岩作用是碳酸盐岩隆发展演化的重要阶段和过程,在生物丘内,已经识别出四种重要的胶结物,即球粒泥晶、纤状方解石、放射轴状方解石和粒状方解石。尽管缺失典型的造礁生物,但通过岩石类型研究和微相分析,认为碳酸盐岩隆的形成主要取决于生物作用及古环境格局。本区碳酸盐岩隆可以同欧洲瓦尔索坦的岩隆对比  相似文献   

Diagenesis of organic matter in a 400 m organic rich sediment core from offshore Namibia using solid state 13C NMR and FTIR     

《Organic Geochemistry》2014

Although rates and mechanisms of early diagenesis have been well studied, the effects of microbial metabolism on the molecular composition of the sedimentary organic matter (SOM) over long periods of time need more investigation. In this study, we characterize the early diagenesis of marine SOM from organic rich sediments of the Ocean Drilling Program site 1082 located off Namibia, in the vicinity of the Benguela coastal upwelling system. We used both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR) to assess the quantitative partitioning of the organic carbon into major compound classes (aliphatic, aromatic, ester, carboxylic, amide and carbons from carbohydrates). Then, we calculate the SOM composition in the main biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and lignin) on the basis of previous ¹³C NMR based estimates of the molecular composition of the organic mixtures. Results show that the SOM is still labile at 7 m below the seafloor (mbsf) and composed of about 25% proteins and 15% carbohydrates. With increasing depth, the protein content exponentially decreases to 13% at 367 mbsf, whereas the carbohydrate content decreases linearly to 11%. The lignin and lipid content consistently represent around 10% and 40% of the SOM, respectively, and show an increase with depth, due mostly to selective enrichment as the more labile components are lost by degradation. Thus, these components of the SOM are considered refractory at the depth scale considered. The calculated remineralization rates are extremely slow ranging from 5.6 mol C m⁻³ ky⁻¹ at the top of the core to 0.2 mol C m⁻³ ky⁻¹ according to the organic carbon flux to the seafloor. Knowing the labile carbon losses, we propose a method to calculate the initial TOC before the diagenesis took place.  相似文献   

火山岩储层质量预测方法探讨——以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷为例          下载免费PDF全文

肖丽华  施立冬  王建伟  孟元林  田伟志  潘雪梅  刘文慧  胡安文  李吉君 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1287-1301

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层火山岩储层具有埋藏深、 温度高、 压力大、 物性差、 非均质性强的特征。为了预测火山岩储层类型和质量在平面上的变化规律,本文讨论了影响火山岩储层物性的主要地质因素。结果表明,火山岩的物性主要受火山岩相（组）和所处对应碎屑岩成岩阶段的影响。距火山口越远的火山岩相组的火山岩储层,其孔隙度和渗透率越低。火山岩工业气层主要分布在晚成岩阶段A期以前的火山岩储层中。在晚成岩阶段B期,只有少量低产气层。本文充分考虑徐家围子断陷火山岩相和成岩作用对火山岩储层物性的影响与控制,应用成岩模拟软件,预测了成岩阶段的横向展布,通过叠合营三段火山岩相图和成岩阶段预测图,预测了火山岩储层的类型和质量,目前已发现工业气流的井主要分布在断陷中部的Ⅱ、 Ⅲ类火山岩储层中。  相似文献   

杏子川油田长6储层成岩作用及对物性的影响     

张蔚红  王春艳 《地下水》2014,(5)

通过普通薄片、铸体薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等多项测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地杏子川油田 W 区块长6储层的岩石学特征、孔隙结构、成岩作用进行分析与研究。结果表明：研究区长6储层岩性主要为细粒长石砂岩,颗粒分选性较好,胶结类型以接触式-孔隙式为主,少量镶嵌式胶结。储集空间类型以原生粒间孔、溶蚀粒间孔隙为主。砂岩储层成岩作用复杂,成岩现象丰富,对储集层物性影响显著。  相似文献   

Diagenesis in Okavango fan and adjacent dune deposits with implications for the record of palaeo-environmental change in Makgadikgadi–Okavango–Zambezi basin, northern Botswana   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susan Ringrose  Philippa Huntsman-Mapila  William Downey  Stephan Coetzee  Martin Fey  Cornelis Vanderpost  Bernard Vink  Thebe Kemosidile  Dikitso Kolokose 《Geomorphology》2008,101(4):544-557

This work considers the spatial distribution and ages of western MOZ basin siliclastic sediments prior to providing insights into the diagenesis of degraded dune and alluvial fan sands. Previously published and new TL/OSL ages imply that extensive over-washing of dune sands took place at least 100 ka ago while ages on Okavango floodplains imply that the fan was formed ca. 40 ka and has since undergone periods of higher and lower flood regimes. Sediment analyses indicate that both dune and fan sands contain a diagenetic matrix of clay-enhanced amorphous silica (CEAS) which bonds weakly formed aggregates. The time of formation of diagenetic matrix products is inconclusive but may have been accelerated during or shortly after events dated using OSL/TL techniques. Hence earlier dune over-washing may have led to greater porewater of an acidic to near neutral nature which in turn promoted smectite formation and silicic acid precipitation > 100 000 years ago. The relatively abundant CEAS matrix in floodplain sands implies more recent semi-continuous flood events again of an acidic-near neutral nature leading to the formation of smectite. In this case the floodplain sediments are dated as having been deposited around 40 and 11 ka, when porewater content may have accelerated clay formation and silica dissolution. The dual nature of the CEAS in the islands reflects a changing environment from smectite-dominated flooding events to sepiolite-dominated desiccation events. Flooding may also correspond to TL/OSL ages over the past 40 000 years which contributed to accelerated CEAS formation. The sepiolite is associated with a Ca-rich matrix implying desiccation which may relate to drying events over the 40 000 year period or to riparian tree root pumping and selective salt accumulation. This work shows that sedimentation in incipient rifts is complex and rarely explained totally in terms of primary depositional events. The implications of different stages of sand diagenesis may be significant in enhancing palaeo-environmental interpretations in semi-arid fluvial environments.  相似文献   

钦杭成矿带东段燕山期中酸性岩浆活动时空演化与成矿规律   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

吕劲松  张雪辉  孙建东  张勇  武彬  骆学全 《岩石学报》2017,33(11):3635-3658

钦杭成矿带东段处于华夏地块与扬子地块的交接部位,其特殊的构造背景造就了其独特的岩浆事件与成矿作用。本文详细总结了燕山期中酸性岩浆时空演化与成矿规律,认为钦杭成矿带东段燕山期岩浆活动是连续的,可分为"两期四阶段":早期早阶段(180~160Ma)主要形成I型花岗岩,早期晚阶段(160~145Ma)形成I型、S型花岗岩,晚期早阶段(145~125Ma)以形成S型花岗岩为主(136Ma之后开始形成A型花岗岩),晚期晚阶段(125~100Ma)主要形成A型花岗岩。以东乡-德兴I型花岗岩带为岩浆活动中心,总体经历了从西往东,从I型→S型→A型的演化过程。按成矿专属性,将I型花岗岩分为两种类型:I_1型花岗岩以形成铜(金)铅锌铁多金属矿床为特色,I_2型花岗岩主要形成钨钼矿;将S型花岗岩分为三类:S_1型花岗岩主要形成钨锡钼矿床,高分异的S_2型花岗岩形成铌钽矿,S_3型花岗岩主要形成铅锌银铀矿床;A型花岗岩则具备I型、S型两种花岗岩的成矿特征。与岩浆作用一致,成矿作用也是连续的,可分为相应的"两期四阶段"。成岩成矿的时空演化过程主要受太平洋板块俯冲过程中动力条件变化的控制,导致不同部位的基底地层发生熔融,发生不同程度的壳幔相互作用。  相似文献   

Influence of the volume loss of framework grains on the quantitative analysis of diagenetic modification of the original intergranular porosity     

Dayong WangYongchen Song  Minglong Zhao 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,30(1):26-31

The evaluation of the original intergranular porosity loss due to compaction (COPL) and cementation (CEPL) is an important tool for understanding the contribution of diagenetic processes to porosity reduction and permeability retention of sandstones and carbonate grainstones. The previous approach for computing CEPL and COPL assumed that the volume of framework grains remained constant during diagenesis. However, such assumption will introduce error in COPL and CEPL if diagenetic processes reduced the volume of framework grains. New equations are presented that account for such situations. Comparably, the previous approach underestimates COPL and the compaction index, but over-estimates CEPL in the case of volume loss of framework grains by dissolution or intergranular pressure solution (DIPL). The deviation of CEPL and COPL caused by DIPL rises with the increase in the intergranular volume and DIPL. Analysis of three published case studies suggests that DIPL values of just a few percentages will significantly impact COPL and CEPL values. The effects of DIPL can be greater than the effects of uncertainty in original porosity estimates and uncertainty in point count data.  相似文献   

Diagenesis and bioavailability of mercury in the contaminated sediments of Ulhas Estuary, India     

Anirudh Ram  D.V. Borole  M.A. Rokade  M.D. Zingde 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(11):1685-1693

Sequential extraction of Hg was performed in a core collected from intertidal area in Ulhas Estuary in order to characterize the downward distribution and diagenetic behavior of Hg in a polluted estuary. Concentration of total Hg ranged between 0.46 and 6.40 μg g⁻¹ with significant decrease in surficial sediment as a result of closing of two Hg-cell based chlor-alkali plants. Results of sequential extraction showed that >65% Hg was strongly bound to organo-sulphur and inorganic sulphide species that are not bioavailable. Flux of only 18.8% of Hg was found compared to its value deposited on sediment–water interface. Hence, it is concluded that there is no significant diagenetic remobilization of Hg in Ulhas Estuary. This core also has been analyzed for ²¹⁰Pb geochronology. The estimated sedimentation rate is 0.31 cm y⁻¹ in the present sampling region.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征及成因   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

严威  郑剑锋  陈永权  黄理力  周鹏  朱永进 《海相油气地质》2017,22(4)

利用钻遇肖尔布拉克组的13口井和2条露头剖面的资料,分析了白云岩储层的宏观和微观特征,认为塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组主要发育9类岩性,孔隙的发育具有明显的岩相选择性,指出粉—细晶白云岩、砂屑白云岩、藻格架白云岩、泡沫绵层石白云岩、叠层石白云岩、凝块石白云岩和粘结(颗粒)白云岩是储层的主要载体。通过岩石学特征、多参数地球化学特征分析,结合地质背景,研究了肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层的成岩作用序列和孔隙演化史,明确了高能丘滩相的多孔沉积物是储层发育的物质基础,早表生期大气淡水溶蚀作用是储层形成的关键,埋藏(热液)溶蚀作用使储层得到了改善。  相似文献