Textural characteristics and morphosedimentary environment of foreshore zone along Ganpatipule,Maharashtra, India     

Sheela Sharma  Rajamanickam Gowthaman 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(6):887-894

The cross-shore profile and the textural distribution of foreshore sediments of Ganpatipule beach along Maharashtra coast covering two annual cycles are examined. Ganpatipule beach depicts erosion and accretion of the berm, reduction and widening of foreshore widths during the monsoon (June–September) and post-monsoon (October–May), respectively with net sediment accretion during the study period due to the changes in the wave characteristics. A direct correlation is observed between the median sediment grain size and beach-face slopes signifying high wave energy ensuing to a gentle to very gentle slope. The sediments are mainly medium grain size, moderately well sorted, bimodal, very fine skewed to very coarse skewed and very platykurtic to very leptokurtic in nature. The binary plots of the textural parameters (mean, skewness, kurtosis, and standard deviation) depicted a characteristic beach environment of deposition. The study shows that the sediment is concentrated in the environment of rolling and bottom suspension. The study on grain size distribution of sediments could be used to assess the wave energy condition prevailing along the coastal area.  相似文献   

“膨胀力”作用下致密砂岩储层石油运聚特征     

张焕旭  陈世加  路俊刚  刘超威  陈娟  李勇  徐坤 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,(5):1341-1351

在致密油成藏动力已有认识的基础上,从力的性质和作用效果的角度,对比分析了推动石油在致密储层中运移的"膨胀力"与常规储层情况下浮力之间的区别。论述了在"膨胀力"作用下,石油在理想致密砂岩模型中的运移模式、运移距离及致密油藏扩张规律。基于以上认识并结合实例,建立模型从动力学的角度分析了致密砂岩中隔、夹层及裂缝对石油运移富集的影响。分析认为:由于致密油与常规储层油藏在运移动力及运移模式上的差别,致密砂岩中隔、夹层将会在一定程度上阻碍石油的运移,造成成藏上物性较好的"空白带";在致密砂岩裂缝型油藏中,与裂缝直接接触物性较好的砂体是最具可能性的石油聚集区带。  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘大凉山新生代隆升建造过程——多封闭系统低温热年代学与热模型限制   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

邓宾  雍自权  刘树根  李智武  赵高平  米色子哈  汤聪 《地球物理学报》2016,59(6):2162-2175

长波长、低起伏度大凉山构造带新生代隆升剥露与建造过程是解译青藏高原东向扩展过程的关键核心地区之一.本文基于大凉山构造带喜德剖面和沐川剖面9件样品的多封闭系统低温热年代学年龄(即磷灰石(U-Th)/He(AHe)、磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)和锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe))定年,揭示出多封闭系统热年代学年龄与古岩性柱深度具有明显的正相关性,即伴随古岩性柱深度增大,多封闭系统热年代学年龄明显减小.喜徳剖面多封闭系统低温热年代学AHe、AFT和ZHe年龄值分别为7—9Ma、14—22Ma和25—38Ma;沐川剖面多封闭系统低温热年代学AHe和AFT年龄值分别为10—26Ma、23—85Ma,ZHe年龄值为未完全退火年龄.多封闭系统热年代学和QTQt热史模拟揭示,大凉山构造带喜徳和沐川剖面岩性柱所有样品都经历大致相似的三阶段热演化过程,尤其是晚新生代快速隆升剥露阶段(30—20 Ma以来),其平均剥露速率分别为~0.15mm·a-1和~0.20mm·a-1,抬升剥露量分别为~3.0km和~1.5km.结合区域低温热年代学特征的大凉山构造带地表隆升动力学模型,揭示出重力均衡作用下地壳缩短与剥露作用(即构造隆升剥露机制)控制形成了现今大凉山造山带长波长、低起伏和高海拔地貌建造过程.  相似文献   

多通道大功率电法勘探仪集成试验   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

底青云  雷达  王中兴  张一鸣  王顺  张启卯  张文伟  欧阳涛 《地球物理学报》2016,59(12):4399-4407

采用自主研发的多通道大功率电法勘探仪进行了深部矿勘探测试.首先在河北省张家口市张北县进行了仪器整体的调试和波形测试等试验,试验结果表明,在大偏移距情况下,尽管存在50 Hz电磁干扰,也能获得与发射波形相关的波形曲线,验证了仪器系统的正确性和稳定性.然后在内蒙古曹四夭钼矿区采集了4.8km的剖面数据,并进行了相应的数据处理工作.对所采集的数据进行了大地脉冲响应计算、峰值时刻提取和视电阻率计算,以及电阻率二维反演工作,反演的的电阻率断面结构与已知地质资料相吻合,验证了数据流程和处理方法的正确性.此次多通道大功率电法勘探仪的成功集成,为进一步大规模比对试验和装备整装勘探打下了基础.  相似文献   

顾及多方向观测值权比反演地球重力场的动力积分法          下载免费PDF全文

罗志才  周浩  钟波  李琼 《地球物理学报》2015,58(9):3061-3071

考虑到不同坐标系下各个方向观测值对反演地球重力场的频谱贡献不同,建立了顾及多方向观测值权比的动力积分法,并利用该方法反演了高精度的GOCE HL-SST卫星重力场模型.首先,分析了不同坐标系下各个方向观测值与地球重力场信息的响应关系,其中惯性系(IRF)下X、Z方向的观测值分别对扇谐系数、带谐系数最为敏感,Z方向的解算精度在全频段均略高于X、Y方向;地固系(EFRF)下各个方向的独立解算精度均与能量守恒法的解算精度相当;局部指北坐标系(LNOF)下X、Z和Y三个方向的解算精度依次递减,且Y方向在47阶附近有明显"驼峰"现象.其次,比较了不同坐标系下顾及三个方向观测值权比的加权解算模型,其中加权联合解算模型精度在20至70阶次均明显优于等权解算模型,在带谐项和共振阶次精度提升明显,且LNOF下的加权联合解算精度要优于IRF和EFRF.最后,比较了GOCE和CHAMP卫星的模型解算精度,采用本文计算方法,仅利用2个月GOCE轨道观测值解算的模型精度优于包含更长观测时段信息的AIUB-CHAMP01S和EIGEN-CHAMP03S模型,且略优于ASU-GOCE-2months模型.  相似文献   

Vegetation turnover in a braided river: frequency and effectiveness of floods of different magnitude          下载免费PDF全文

Nicola Surian  Matteo Barban  Luca Ziliani  Giovanni Monegato  Walter Bertoldi  Francesco Comiti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(4):542-558

This work addresses the temporal dynamics of riparian vegetation in large braided rivers, exploring the relationship between vegetation erosion and flood magnitude. In particular, it investigates the existence of a threshold discharge, or a range of discharges, above which erosion of vegetated patches within the channel occurs. The research was conducted on a 14 km long reach of the Tagliamento River, a braided river in north‐eastern Italy. Ten sets of aerial photographs were used to investigate vegetation dynamics in the period 1954–2011. By using different geographic information system (GIS) procedures, three aspects of geomorphic‐vegetation dynamics and interactions were addressed: (i) long‐term (1954–2011) channel evolution and vegetation dynamics; (ii) the relationship between vegetation erosion/establishment and flow regime; (iii) vegetation turnover, in the period 1986–2011. Results show that vegetation turnover is remarkably rapid in the study reach with 50% of in‐channel vegetation persisting for less than 5–6 years and only 10% of vegetation persisting for more than 18–19 years. The analysis shows that significant vegetation erosion is determined by relatively frequent floods, i.e. floods with a recurrence interval of c. 1–2.5 years, although some differences exist between sub‐reaches with different densities of vegetation cover. These findings suggest that the erosion of riparian vegetation in braided rivers may not be controlled solely by very large floods, as is the case for lower energy gravel‐bed rivers. Besides flow regime, other factors seem to play a significant role for in‐channel vegetation cover over long time spans. In particular, erosion of marginal vegetation, which supplies large wood elements to the channel, increased notably over the study period and was an important factor for in‐channel vegetation trends. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Sediment yield of the lower Tana River,Kenya, is insensitive to dam construction: sediment mobilization processes in a semi‐arid tropical river system          下载免费PDF全文

Naomi Geeraert  Fred Ochieng Omengo  Fredrick Tamooh  Paolo Paron  Steven Bouillon  Gerard Govers 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(13):1827-1838

Dam construction in the 1960s to 1980s significantly modified sediment supply from the Kenyan uplands to the lower Tana River. To assess the effect on suspended sediment fluxes of the Tana River, we monitored the sediment load at high temporal resolution for 1 year and complemented our data with historical information. The relationship between sediment concentration and water discharge was complex: at the onset of the wet season, discharge peaks resulted in high sediment concentrations and counterclockwise hysteresis, while towards the end of the wet season, a sediment exhaustion effect led to low concentrations despite the high discharge. The total sediment flux at Garissa (c. 250 km downstream of the lowermost dam) between June 2012 and June 2013 was 8.8 Mt yr^‐1. Comparison of current with historical fluxes indicated that dam construction had not greatly affected the annual sediment flux. We suggest that autogenic processes, namely river bed dynamics and bank erosion, mobilized large quantities of sediments stored in the alluvial plain downstream of the dams. Observations supporting the importance of autogenic processes included the absence of measurable activities of the fall‐out radionuclides ⁷Be and ¹³⁷Cs in the suspended sediment, the rapid lateral migration of the river course, and the seasonal changes in river cross‐section. Given the large stock of sediment in the alluvial valley of the Tana River, it may take centuries before the effect of damming shows up as a quantitative reduction in the sediment flux at Garissa. Many models relate the sediment load of rivers to catchment characteristics, thereby implicitly assuming that alterations in the catchment induce changes in the sediment load. Our research confirms that the response of an alluvial river to external disturbances such as land use or climate change is often indirect or non‐existent as autogenic processes overwhelm the changes in the input signal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于植被动态的黄土高原生态地理分区   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

张甜  彭建  刘焱序  赵明月 《地理研究》2015,34(9):1643-1661

生态地理区划作为自然区划的新分支,近年来受到国内外地理学者的广泛关注,其在认识地理分异规律及区域规划活动中发挥着重要作用。传统生态地理分区多依据自上而下的三级演绎途径,且对于多分区方案的对比与优选缺乏定量化准则。黄土高原作为中国典型的生态脆弱区,植被生长与恢复对缓解当地生态困境十分重要,因此以植被多年动态一致性特征作为分区合理性的评价指标,有助于准确揭示当地生境特点及分异规律。为此,选取热量类、水分类、地形类及地表覆被类共9个指标,采用自组织映射网络（SOFM）与GIS空间分析技术,基于黄土高原近30年来自然本底与覆被状况进行生态地理分区;并依循植被动态一致性准则,依据两步筛选法对多种方案进行优选,最终将黄土高原分为六大生态地理区。研究表明：黄土高原修正6分区方案在12个备选分区方案中效果最好;同时,修正6分区方案多年平均NPP离散系数最低,表明该分区内部离散程度最小。分区方案与既有分区方案相比具有较好的一致性,但由于区划尺度存在一定的差异,整体区域划分更为清晰。对生态地理分区方案优选定量方法的探索,有助于提升自下而上生态地理区划的客观性。  相似文献   

面向“未来地球”计划的陆地表层格局研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

吴绍洪  赵艳  汤秋鸿  郑景云  高江波  梁涛  葛全胜 《地理科学进展》2015,34(1):10-17

未来地球计划是目前国际上关于全球环境变化前沿研究的综合科学计划,集国际科学理事会(ICSU)所领导的四大科学计划为一体,旨在将自然科学与社会科学结合在一起,并加强决策支持和研究交流,寻求地球系统可持续途径,全球环境变化研究与人类学、社会学合作构建综合集成平台,推进科学研究为社会经济可持续发展服务。本文剖析陆地表层格局特点,分析陆地表层格局的国内外关注焦点及其研究理念的转变与应用领域的拓展。分析表明:陆地表层是未来地球计划关注的重点之一,陆地表层要素与过程相互作用并在人类活动驱动下形成的格局,可作为未来地球计划进一步研究的区域基础框架。未来,陆地表层格局研究应力求方法论的突破,为自然地理学综合研究的发展提供支撑。  相似文献   

面向“未来地球”计划的区域可持续发展系统解决方案研究——对人文—经济地理学发展导向的讨论   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

樊杰  蒋子龙 《地理科学进展》2015,34(1):1-9

“未来地球”计划旨在提出系统解决可持续发展问题方案的学术思想、顶层设计、核心内容、研究方法等,为人文—经济地理学研究区域可持续发展的未来走向提供了较好的借鉴意义。在分析“未来地球”核心理念的基础上,阐述了人文—经济地理学面临的发展机遇和发展定位,并探索“未来地球”计划的5 个优先事项对面向全球可持续发展问题的系统解决方案。并对区域可持续发展系统研究的目标、视角和路径进行了讨论,在此基础上,从应用基础研究和应用实践两个层次探讨了针对区域可持续发展问题的系统解决方案的学术思路。以“未来地球”研究计划为参照标尺,按照区域可持续发展系统解决方案研究的逻辑架构,从提高预测能力和评估水平、调控过程和管制模式的应用研究以及体制机制设计等3个方面,讨论了面向“未来地球”的中国人文—经济地理学发展导向。  相似文献