A load cell based continuous recording bedload trap     

D. A. Sear  W. Damon  D. J. Booker  D. G. Anderson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(6):659-672

This paper reviews the design and performance of pit‐type bedload traps that use pressure pillow and load cell systems to measure the accumulation of sediment. A low cost load cell bedload sampler design is presented. Using a specially designed cradle, a single load cell may be used to measure the load applied on the bottom of an aluminium box of 0·27 m². Bedload enters the trap through a 0·2 m wide slot cut into a hinged plate on top of the trap. Low profile fences were fitted to the sides of the slot to prevent lateral ingress of sediment. The load cell system converts the immersed weight of sediment directly into an analogue voltage reading that can be stored on a datalogger. Because the load cell is sealed, pressure correction for the water column height is negated. Temperature correction is shown to be necessary for each load cell. The results of laboratory and field calibrations are presented and design improvements suggested. Field data output is illustrated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment on basin-scale hydrological services of wetlands     

Wu  Yanfeng  Zhang  Guangxin  Rousseau  Alain N. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(2):279-291

Despite recognizing the importance of hydrological function of wetlands, basin-scale wetlands services have rarely been investigated. The PHYSITEL/HYDROTEL modelling platform was used to quantitatively assess the impact of wetlands on quickflow and baseflow with paired simulation scenarios in Duobukuli River Basin, namely with wetlands and without wetlands.Simulation results showed that wetlands exert significant impact on basin hydrological processes by decreasing streamflow and altering streamflow regime(magnitude, frequency, duration and time of flow events). The intensity(significant or not) of wetlands influences on quickflow had daily, monthly and annual variation. Wetlands significantly attenuated quickflow during flood season while slightly support daily, monthly and annual baseflow. The average quickflow attenuation and baseflow support of wetlands were 5.89% and 0.83%, respectively. Although the intensity and effect(mitigation or augment) of wetlands on streamflow temporally varied at daily, monthly, seasonal and annual scales, wetland overall mitigated quickflow and augment baseflow in Duobukuli River Basin. Our results could provide insights for future decision-making for rehabilitation and conservation of wetlands as well as integrated basin water resources management.  相似文献   

基于支持向量机预测安达曼海南部内孤立波传播特性     

陆可潇  王晶  魏鑫 《海洋科学》2021,45(5):31-38

内孤立波是发生在密度稳定层化海水中的一种特殊的海洋内波。预测内孤立波传播难度较大。本文提出了一种方法,利用美国麻省理工学院大气环流模型（MITgcm）的内孤立波模型计算了大量模拟数据,建立数据库。采用机器学习的方法,建立一个基于支持向量机（support vector machine,SVM）的安达曼海南部内孤立波传播预测模型。最后运用安达曼海南部的Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像对内孤立波传播预测模型结果进行检验。结果表明：基于SVM的内孤立波传播时间预测模型预测的时间平均绝对百分比误差为8.43%,平均绝对误差为1.00 h。基于SVM的内孤立波到达位置预测模型预测的位置平均绝对百分比误差为0.071%,平均绝对误差为0.069°。基于SVM的内孤立波振幅预测模型预测的振幅范围为23.80~84.98 m。  相似文献   

海洋环境航行安全保障决策支持系统设计     

杨东方  刘善伟  汪小琪  万剑华 《海洋科学》2021,45(5):137-144

为对海上船舶航行提供安全保障决策支持,本文设计了海洋环境航行安全保障决策支持系统。系统采用面向服务架构思想,将功能单元封装成统一标准的服务,服务之间的调用关系经设计,实现海洋数据交互与功能组合重用。本文阐述了系统开发与部署步骤并展示决策支持部分的示范性系统流程,向决策者提供卫星成像规划、风险评价、溢油预测与应急救援路径规划等决策服务。系统为海洋环境航行安全保障提供了多源海洋数据管理、海洋数据可视化与决策支持服务等技术方案,为海洋环境航行安全保障决策提供参考依据。  相似文献   

露天煤矿地下水电磁探测与类型判别          下载免费PDF全文

王鹏  兰云飞 《CT理论与应用研究》2019,28(1):91-98

为准确确定露天煤矿地下水分布与类型,根据不同赋存条件电磁差异,基于磁场强度与电阻率参数进行异常划分与类型判别。以新疆某露天煤矿为例,采用高精度磁法通过磁异常强度确定烧变岩边界,并采用高密度电法和瞬变电磁法通过电阻率圈定低阻异常区,结合异常响应差异分别推断地下水分布范围与赋存类型。地面钻探验证探测成果的准确性。结果表明:露天煤矿烧变岩水与砂岩裂隙水电磁响应差异明显,基于磁场强度与电阻率的双参数综合电磁法能准确圈定其分布范围,并判别其赋存类型。  相似文献   

基于PCA-GSM-SVM的地震伤亡人数预测     

王晨晖  袁颖  刘立申  陈凯男  吴鹤帅 《华北地震科学》2019,37(3):25-30

针对影响地震伤亡人数的评价指标数量较多且各指标之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,运用机器学习理论,提出了基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machine)的地震伤亡人数预测模型;首先利用主成分分析法(Principle Component Analysis)对7个地震死亡人数影响指标进行数据降维,然后对提取出的主成分进行归一化处理,将归一化的主成分数据作为预测模型的输入向量,将地震伤亡人数作为预测模型的输出向量;以27个地震伤亡实例作为学习样本进行训练,运用网格搜索法(Grid Search Method)寻优获得最优支持向量机参数,最终建立基于PCA-GSM-SVM的地震死亡人数预测模型,并对5组样本进行死亡人数预测。结果表明:PCA-GSM-SVM模型的最小误差、最大误差和平均误差分别为5.12%、15.7%和9.16%,其平均误差相比于GSM-SVM模型和SVM模型分别降低6.51%和7.11%,因此PCA-GSM-SVM模型预测精度较高,可在工程实际中推广。  相似文献   

抗震约束下大跨度空间钢结构设计中支吊架的合理选取          下载免费PDF全文

刘影  刘德贵 《地震工程学报》2019,41(3):631-637

大跨度空间钢结构设计中,合理选取支吊架对建筑的抗震性有着重要的影响,当前设计过程中未考虑支吊架组合后的抗震性能。综合选取适用于大跨度空间钢结构的支吊架结构,使其具有更优的抗震性能。首先给出目前应用较多的三种结构,其次给出一定的抗震约束条件,如承载力、应力应变与拉伸变形等。在条件约束下,给出具有抗震能力的支吊架选取模型并给出具体计算示例,选取和组合具有一定抗震能力的大跨度空间钢结构支吊架。结果表明,相较于传统的随机支吊架选取方式,具有抗震能力的模型下支吊架核心钢结构抗震水平明显提升。  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土框架结构自复位加固研究     

陈盈  盛飞翔  张文学 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):574-583

为减小结构震后残余位移,提高框架结构的震后可修复性,本文提出1种自复位耗能加固方法。以一典型框架结构为例,对比传统框架结构和采用自复位耗能装置加固框架结构的地震响应,并研究自复位耗能装置各参数对加固后结构抗震性能的影响。结果表明:采用自复位耗能装置加固框架结构可有效减小残余位移,但有可能增大结构内力响应;结构的残余位移随着弹簧刚度的增大而减小,结构的内力响应也随之增大;预拉力越大,结构内力响应增加越小,在实际工程中应对自复位加固装置的弹簧刚度和预拉力进行优化以获得最优的自复位加固效果。  相似文献   

A new method for determining weathering rates in weathering pits     

Wei Wang  Rihui Huang  Jing Feng 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1262-1272

Determining the rates of rock weathering is difficult because, firstly, the weathering rate of rocks is usually so slow that it is difficult to measure; secondly, it is also difficult to determine the start time and duration of weathering. The Shanxi River Valley in Fujian, China dried up after a reservoir was built upstream in 1959, and became a stone quarry site. Quarrying ceased in 1977, so a large amount of quarry wastes with artificially excavated surfaces were left in the valley. The concave-upward curved rocky surface, broken by manual excavation, easily contains rainwater in its central part, which was easily weathered into a more concave surface. Plaster mould casting was performed in situ on such a concave surface of an excavated stone rock in the valley and scanned with a high-precision 3D scanner to obtain 3D data of the concave-upward rock surface and its more concave middle part, which was considered as an initial weathering pit. The 3D model provided an in-depth understanding of the initial formation process of weathering pits, indicating that: (1) the average weathering rate of a weathering pit is 10.8 ± 0.49 cm ka⁻¹; (2) weathering pits are generally formed by standing water in depressions on a flat near-horizontal rock surface due to weathering actions involving water; (3) the deepening rate of a weathering pit is about four times greater than that of the surrounding area; (4) the growth of a weathering pit can begin in some small concavities on the flat rock surface without pre-existing depressions and gradually expands; (5) a weathering pit is generally wider than deep or with a flat bottom due to expansion with a lateral weathering rate that is greater than that of the vertical, and the lamination of the host rock is not necessary for the formation of flat-floored weathering pits. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

嘉峪关典型土遗址裂缝变形气温响应特征研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

俞莉  张翔  高晓甜  陈思雨  顾鑫 《地震工程学报》2020,42(3):751-758

裂隙、冲沟、掏蚀、片状剥离等是中国西北地区土遗址发育典型病害,为探求土遗址本体及其赋存环境变化的内在本质规律,开展土遗址变形监测的研究与实践至关重要。以嘉峪关土遗址烽火台裂缝1号、2号为研究对象,通过分析2016年裂缝变形和环境气温监测数据,寻找其响应关系,探索环境气温影响裂缝发育的规律;利用相关性分析、归一化处理数据,结合支持向量机(SVM)机器学习方法对裂缝发展趋势进行预测,为土遗址裂缝发育趋势研究提供理论依据。  相似文献