Main technical innovations of Songke Well No.2 Drilling Project     

《China Geology》2018,1(2):187-201

Songke Well No.2, one of the main part of the scientific drilling project in Songliao Basin, which was drilled 7018 m and acquired the part of cores continuously from the Low Cretaceous to the Carboniferous and the Permian from the 2843 m deep, can be considered as the deepest continental drilling project in Asia. Aiming at the features of longer well sections, larger diameters and multiple spud-ins for coring of Songke Well No.2, this project broke through the “coring in small diameter and reaming in large diameter” spud-in drilling-completion procedures which are always used in large-diameter-well coring for continental scientific drilling projects in domestic and overseas and the drilling method of short-single-cylinder roundtrip footage. At the same time, “coring in the same diameter and completing drilling at one single diameter” was achieved at all φ311 mm and φ216 mm coring sections of more than one thousand meters long, high-efficient operation with “drilling long footage with drill tools combined in multi-cylinders” was achieved at deep coring section. Four world drilling records were created which include more than a thousand meters continuous coring at φ311 mm, and the footage per roundtrip footage at φ311 mm, φ216 mm and φ152 mm is all more than 30 m, all of these breakthroughs reduced at least 300 days for this project; moreover, considering the characteristics of formations that the geothermal gradient is high in the drilled sections and the inside-well temperature is over 240°C after drilling completion, a formate-polymer water-based mud system was developed by compounding attapulgite and sodium bentonite and by adding independently developed high-temperature stabilizer, which can provide critical technical support for successful well completion at 7018 m in the super-high-temperature environment It is the first time that the water-based mud is operated at the working temperature higher than 240°C in China; Besides, considering the high-quality requirement on cores imposed by the project, the method “mechanical cored is charge” to discharge core nondestructively on the ground was worked out, and more than 4000 m scatheless cores were discharged out of the drill pipes while maintaining original stratum structures.  相似文献   

The geothermal formation mechanism in the Gonghe Basin: Discussion and analysis from the geological background     

《China Geology》2018,1(3):331-345

The Gonghe Basin, a Cenozoic down-warped basin, is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, and spread over important nodes of the transfer of multiple blocks in the central orogenic belt in the NWW direction. It is also called “Qin Kun Fork” and “Gonghe Gap”. The basin has a high heat flow value and obvious thermal anomaly. The geothermal resources are mainly hot dry rock and underground hot water. In recent years, the mechanism of geothermal formation within the basin has been controversial. On the basis of understanding the knowledge of predecessors, this paper proposes the geothermal formation mechanism of the “heat source–heat transfer–heat reservoir and caprock–thermal system” of the Gonghe Basin from the perspective of a geological background through data integration-integrated research-expert, discussion-graph, compilation-field verification and other processes: (1) Heat source: geophysical exploration and radioisotope calculations show that the heat source of heat in the basin has both the contribution of mantle and the participation of the earth’s crust, but mainly the contribution of the deep mantle. (2) Heat transfer: The petrological properties of the basin and the exposed structure position of the surface hot springs show that one transfer mode is the material of the mantle source upwells and invades from the bottom, directly injecting heat; the other is that the deep fault conducts the deep heat of the basin to the middle and lower parts of the earth’s crust, then the secondary fracture transfers the heat to the shallow part. (3) Heat reservoir and caprock: First, the convective strip-shaped heat reservoir exposed by the hot springs on the peripheral fault zone of the basin; second, the underlying hot dry rock layered heat reservoir and the upper new generation heat reservoir and caprock in the basin revealed by drilling data. (4) Thermal system: Based on the characteristics of the “heat source-heat transfer-heat reservoir and caprock”, it is preliminarily believed that the Gonghe Basin belongs to the non-magmatic heat source hydrothermal geothermal system (type II2₁) and the dry heat geothermal system (type II2₂). Its favorable structural position and special geological evolutionary history have given birth to a unique environment for the formation of the geothermal system. There may be a cumulative effect of heat accumulation in the eastern part of the basin, which is expected to become a favorable exploration area for hot dry rocks.  相似文献   

合肥盆地安参1井前侏罗纪基底地层的孢粉组合特征与时代归属   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苗慧心  张交东  周新桂  刘德良  李振生  宋立才  曾秋楠  刘旭锋  毕彩芹  孙福利 《地质学报》2018,92(3):466-481

大别山北缘的安参1井是合肥盆地最深的一口参数井,钻遇前侏罗纪基底地层达千米以上,为一套不含煤层(线)或灰岩以泥岩为主的地层,与周缘华北陆块和大别造山带等构造单元的地层对比困难。因缺少宏观化石记录和明确的定年依据,其时代归属一直存在争议,制约了对这一套特殊地层所反映的地质信息的进一步挖掘。为进一步明确该套特殊地层的地质时代,本项研究对安参1井4160~5152m井段大量岩心和岩屑样品进行了微古化石分析,在其中5块样品中发现了保存良好的孢粉化石647粒,共计23属51种及部分未定种。根据对孢粉化石的类型、属种和含量的分析,将其自下而上划分为两个孢粉化石组合:Ⅰ.Densosporites reynoldburgensisLaevigatosporites perminutus;Ⅱ.Triquitrites-Macrotorispora media。孢粉组合Ⅰ中蕨类植物孢子以平均含量87.67%占绝对优势,代表分子有Laevigatosporites perminutus,Lycospora rotunda,Patellisporites meishanesis等,裸子植物花粉均为单囊粉属Florinites;孢粉组合Ⅱ中,蕨类植物孢子平均含量降低至53.78%,其中蕨类孢子Lycospora rotunda消失,Leiotriletes adnatus,Triquitrites,Crassipora等含量下降,并有特征分子大一头沉孢属Macrotorispora出现,裸子植物花粉含量和丰富度明显增加,以柯达粉属Cordaitina为主。经过与华北其他地区孢粉组合特征的对比分析,上述两个孢粉组合分别与华北陆块晚古生代二叠系太原组和上石盒子组具有明确的相似性,与早期和中晚期华夏植物群面貌相一致,反映了裸子植物逐渐繁盛、属种越来越丰富的过程,孢粉组合Ⅰ和Ⅱ的地质时代分别为晚石炭世晚期至早二叠世早期和晚二叠世,为安参1井前侏罗纪基底存在石炭—二叠系提供了直接证据,也为合肥盆地沉积环境和古气候分析提供了新资料。  相似文献   

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探2号井完井暨学术研讨现场会召开     

编辑部 《地质论评》2018,64(4):6404912-6404979

正2018年5月26日,自然资源部中国地质调查局在黑龙江省安达市松科二井工程现场召开大陆科学钻探工程(松科二井)完井暨学术研讨现场会。中国地质学会常务副理事长兼秘书长、自然资源部中国地质调查局副局长、松科二井工程领导小组组长李金发宣布松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工  相似文献   

黔北地区奥陶纪—志留纪之交黑色页岩地球化学特征及意义——以贵州道真道页1井为例     

安亚运  杨忠琴  向坤鹏  黄艺  陈厚国  贺永忠  刘伟  余谦 《地质论评》2021,67(4):67041105-67041118

奥陶纪—志留纪之交是华南被动大陆边缘盆地向前陆盆地演化的重要转折时期,形成广泛分布的五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩。为进一步探讨该套黑色页岩的形成背景,以黔北地区道页1井为例,开展沉积序列和地球化学研究。研究结果表明:五峰组及龙马溪组底部主要为硅质碳质页岩,夹多层斑脱岩,U/Th为0.2～2.90,V/Cr为1.18～14.34,Ni/Co为2.31～11.59,TOC为0.68%～5.91%,平均3.76%,稀土配分曲线为平坦型,δEu以弱正异常为主、个别为弱负异常;龙马溪上部及新滩组主要由泥岩及钙质泥岩组成,U/Th为0.16～0.23,V/Cr为0.88～1.79,Ni/Co为1.77～3.91,TOC为0.1%～0.84%,δEu以明显负异常为主,表现出低斜率右倾型稀土配分曲线。以上特征表明五峰组及龙马溪组底部形成于间歇性缺氧的还原环境,龙马溪组上部及新滩组为富氧环境。结合斑脱岩的分布特征综合分析认为,五峰组及龙马溪组底部页岩是汇聚背景下前陆盆地早期沉积的产物,强烈火山作用给大陆边缘海带来营养元素,刺激初级生产力的增加,造成水体迅速缺氧,可能是造成同期海底缺氧的主要诱因。  相似文献   

Comparative Study of Acid and Alkaline Stimulants with Granite in an Enhanced Geothermal System     

XU Jianan  FENG Bo  CUI Zhenpeng  LIU Xiyao  KE Zunsong  FENG Guanhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):1926-1939

The Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is an artificial geothermal system that aims to economically extract heat from hot dry rock (HDR) through the creation of an artificial geothermal reservoir. Chemical stimulation is thought to be an effective method to create fracture networks and open existing fractures in hot dry rocks by injecting chemical agents into the reservoir to dissolve the minerals. Granite is a common type of hot dry rock. In this paper, a series of chemical stimulation experiments were implemented using acid and alkaline agents under high temperature and pressure conditions that mimic the environment of formation. Granite rock samples used in the experiments are collected from the potential EGS reservoir in the Matouying area, Hebei, China. Laboratory experimental results show that the corrosion ratio per unit area of rock is 3.2% in static acid chemical experiments and 0.51% in static alkaline chemical experiments. The permeability of the core is increased by 1.62 times in dynamic acid chemical experiments and 2.45 times in dynamic alkaline chemical experiments. A scanning electron microscope analysis of the core illustrates that secondary minerals, such as chlorite, spherical silica, and montmorillonite, were formed, due to acid-rock interaction with plagioclase being precipitated by alkaline-rock interactions. Masking agents in alkaline chemical agents can slightly reduce the degree of plagioclase formation. A chemical simulation model was built using TOUGHREACT, the mineral dissolution and associated ion concentration variation being reproduced by this reactive transport model.  相似文献   

四川盆地开江地区WT1井震旦系陡山沱组物源分析及构造背景判断^*     

和源  文龙  罗冰  周刚  王启宇  李堃宇  贾敏  陈友莲  白晓亮 《古地理学报》2021,23(4):683-702

为厘清四川盆地开江地区WT1井震旦系陡山沱组地层发育的构造背景,重塑其原型沉积盆地,为重建古地理及油气进一步勘探部署工作提供科学依据,利用岩石学、岩石地球化学及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学手段对该井陡山沱组物源进行了分析。岩石地化结果表明WT1井陡山沱组沉积物源岩为中基性火山岩类且经历了中等程度化学风化作用;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要记录了915~850Ma、794~714.5Ma以及622~700Ma 3个阶段的构造岩浆活动,与扬子克拉通北缘及邻区Rodinia超大陆的裂解演化过程有关,该构造活动背景下的中基性火山岩是WT1井陡山沱组沉积的主要物质来源。结果表明四川盆地开江地区的陡山沱组发育于拉张伸展构造背景,属克拉通内裂陷盆地沉积,有利于烃源岩层的发育;同时为Rodinia超大陆的裂解演化过程提供了重要的年代学演化证据。该成果对深入认识四川盆地的地质结构、沉积-构造演化以及油气勘探的战略部署等具有极为重要的科学意义。  相似文献   

二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气地球化学特征及气源分析——以四川盆地成都—简阳地区永探1井为例     

田兴旺  罗冰  孙奕婷  刘冉  李亚  陈延贵  周春林  汪华  李亚丁  王尉  王云龙  杨岱林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(2):325-335

2018年12月底,在四川盆地二叠系火山岩发育地区部署的风险探井永探1井测试获得22.5万m³/d的高产工业气流,实现了二叠系火山碎屑岩的重大勘探突破,展现了火山碎屑岩气藏的巨大勘探潜力。本文根据该钻井成果资料,应用分析化验数据,采用不同地区气-气对比方法,开展了成都—简阳地区天然气地球化学特征分析、源-储接触关系解剖及气源综合对比。在此基础上,对二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏天然气成因进行了鉴别,对天然气来源进行了判识。结果表明：永探1井火山岩气藏天然气均为典型的干气,干燥系数达0.997,CH₄质量分数高,平均为99.03%,C₂H₆质量分数低,平均为0.35%,C₃H₈几乎没有,不含H₂S;天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素值均较轻,甲烷碳同位素平均值为-32.17‰,乙烷碳同位素平均值为-34.27‰,且岩心及镜下可见大量残余沥青,天然气成因鉴别分析表明永探1井火山岩气藏天然气为原油二次裂解气;通过源-储接触关系解剖以及天然气甲烷、乙烷碳同位素对比分析,表明永探1井火山碎屑岩气藏天然气主要来源于德阳—安岳台内裂陷内发育的巨厚下寒武统筇竹寺组优质烃源岩,部分来源于中二叠统。  相似文献   

西藏地热事业的喜悦与隐忧     

佟伟  刘时彬 《地球物理学报》1989,32(4):450-456

联合国开发计划署和意大利政府最近准备再度资助西藏地热的二期项目,中国地球物理学界对此表示极大的关注。西藏高原的地热现象早就引起中外科学家的注意,最早的文字记载可以追溯到七世纪中叶,但到本世纪70年代初才提到地热发电利用。中国地球物理学界和地质学界对这一转变作出了巨大贡献。他们坚持认为西藏高原上地幔或下地壳内很可能存在局部熔融,这就为浅部的水热活动提供了深源热背景,并意味当地的地热资源具有巨大的动力开发潜力。西藏羊八井地热电站目前的装机容量已经达到16MWe,其北缘和邻近的羊易乡热田又分别钻探到202.2℃和201.8℃的高温;但是当前的西藏地热事业也存在许多隐忧。作者认为这些问题不解决,西藏地热事业便很难得到快速进展。  相似文献   

云南地区地热基本特征   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

吴乾蕃  祖金华  谢毅真  王都 《地震地质》1988,10(4):177

本文从实测26口井的地热数据中取得14个大地热流值,认为云南地区地热场具有西高东低,并自西往东呈波浪式逐渐变低的趋势,该区具有高地热特征的地质发展历史。由于该区地处世界两大地震带的过渡地区,具有岛弧型的高地热特征,也具有岛弧地带地震活跃的特点,强震多发生在深大断裂带上。该区不同构造单元中的地热场存在的明显不均一性,影响着地震的孕育和地震的发生,地热场、温泉和地震的分布呈良好的对应关系  相似文献