黄土斜坡地震动时程分析          下载免费PDF全文

李忠生 《地震工程学报》2004,26(2):126-130

应用地震危险性分析理论和地震动人工合成技术，给出Newmark法中所需的地震动时程，解决了斜坡稳定性分析Newmark法中难以选取合适地震动时程的难题。通过对黄土斜坡实例计算，给出了坡体中地震动峰值加速度与深度的关系；在计算坡体位移时，提出了等效峰值加速度的概念；对比了使用地面地震动时程和使用坡体内等效地震动时程的计算结果。  相似文献   

Use of fallout 137Cs for documenting the chronology of overbank sediments from the river Sava, Croatia, and interpreting their geochemical patterns     

Gordana Pavlovic  Delko Barisic  Ivanka Lovrencic  Visnja Orescanin  Esad Prohic 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(4):475-481

This paper attempts to determine the impact of former Pb-Zn-Ba mining activities in Slovenian drainage basin on overbank sediments of the Sava river (West Croatia). Among the four studied sequences (S7, S8, S9, S10), the most upstream profile S7 showed the most pronounced impact of ore mining. Mercury was enriched more than 100-fold; Pb and Zn had a strong positive correlation (r > 0.99). Two factor models clearly revealed the Pb-Ba-Hg association in the lower-lying carbonate (CA) population of all four profiles, but only in the overlying silicate (SI) population of profile S7. Factor analysis confirmed this association in the total sediment (90 samples) as well as separately in the CA (33 samples) and SI (57 samples) populations. Based on a comparison with an undisturbed soil profile, the vertical distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in profile S7 was interpreted to be the combination of caesium deposition caused by a flood in 1964 and by post-depositional redistribution.  相似文献   

Probabilistic stability analyses of undrained slopes by 3D random fields and finite element methods     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(6):1657-1664

A long slope consisting of spatially random soils is a common geographical feature. This paper examined the necessity of three-dimensional(3 D) analysis when dealing with slope with full randomness in soil properties. Although 3 D random finite element analysis can well reflect the spatial variability of soil properties, it is often time-consuming for probabilistic stability analysis. For this reason, we also examined the least advantageous(or most pessimistic) cross-section of the studied slope. The concept of"most pessimistic" refers to the minimal cross-sectional average of undrained shear strength. The selection of the most pessimistic section is achievable by simulating the undrained shear strength as a 3 D random field. Random finite element analysis results suggest that two-dimensional(2 D) plane strain analysis based the most pessimistic cross-section generally provides a more conservative result than the corresponding full 3 D analysis. The level of conservativeness is around 15% on average. This result may have engineering implications for slope design where computationally tractable 2 D analyses based on the procedure proposed in this study could ensure conservative results.  相似文献   

Reliability of mooring lines and piles for a permanently manned vessel in a tropical cyclone environment     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The factors of safety for stationkeeping systems in current standards (ISO, API) are not derived or validated using reliability analyses. As the oil and gas exploration and production is breaking new boundaries, deploying new floating systems and moving into regions with harsher environments, it is of paramount importance to understand what level of reliability these new marine structures are achieving. This paper presents a reliability analysis of the mooring system of a Floating LNG (FLNG) vessel permanently moored and permanently manned offshore North West Australia in a tropical cyclone environment. The reliability analysis addresses both the mooring chain and the pile foundation. The analysis accounts for the long term characteristics of the environment, including the short term variability, in response to a given sea state and the variability and uncertainty in strength of the mooring chain and the pile. The stationkeeping system was analysed using detailed time domain simulations, capturing system non-linearities and low frequency oscillations as well as wave frequency responses and, thereby, reducing modelling uncertainties to a minimum.It is found that for the conditions modelled, neither the chain nor the pile meet a target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum using the factors of safety commonly used in design following current ISO and API standards. New factors of safety are proposed to achieve this target reliability. For the pile design, one complicating factor is that current design standards do not explicitly define the exceedance probability that should be associated with the characteristic value of the undrained shear strength to be used in the design. It is demonstrated that the required factor of safety is crucially dependent on the definition of this characteristic value and on the level and the type of uncertainty in the soil strength profile. A recommendation is made regarding the definition of this characteristic value and the associated factor of safety. Furthermore, it is found that designing the mooring system to an environmental condition with a return period of 10,000 yr (as an Abnormal Limit State event), and setting the factor of safety to unity, meets the target reliability of 10⁻⁴/annum for the pile, if the characteristic undrained shear strength is a lower bound, defined in this paper by the 10th percentile value. For the chain however, this target reliability is not achieved.  相似文献   

使用因子分析方法研究九江5.7级地震前的地震活动异常     

王炜  林命週  马钦忠  吴耿锋  赵利飞  吴绍春 《地震》2006,26(3):9-16

使用2005年11月26日江西九江5.7级地震前震中附近地区的地震资料, 选择反映地震活动时、 空、 强特征的地震频次N(M_L≥3.0)、 b值、 η值、 A(b)值、 Mf值、 Ac值、 C值和D值参量进行因子分析。 这些参量之间具有一定的相关性, 各参量在不同时段的变化各有所异, 预报效果并不理想。 但是根据因子分析可以得到反映地震活动时、 空、 强特征的综合指标W_fa值, 该指标在九江5.7级地震前出现明显的异常变化。 表明综合指标W_fa值可以较好地反映地震活动的异常特征。 文中还对与因子分析结果的有关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Modeling fish growth and reproduction in the context of the Dynamic Energy Budget theory to predict environmental impact on anchovy spawning duration     

Laure Pecquerie  Pierre Petitgas  Sebastiaan A.L.M. Kooijman 《Journal of Sea Research》2009,62(2-3):93

Spawning location and timing are critical for understanding fish larval survival. The impact of a changing environment on spawning patterns is, however, poorly understood. A novel approach is to consider the impact of the environment on individual life histories and subsequent spawnings. In the present work, we extend the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory to investigate how environment variability impacts the spawning timing and duration of a multiple-batch spawning species. The model is successfully applied to reproduce the growth and reproduction of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay. The model captures realistically the start and ending of the spawning season, including the timing of the spawning events, and the change in egg number per batch. Using a realistic seasonal forcing of temperature and food availability derived from a bio-physical model, our simulation results show that two thirds of the total spawned mass already accumulates before the start of the spawning season and that the condition factor increases with body length. These simulation results are in accordance with previous estimations and observations on growth and reproduction of anchovy. Furthermore, we show how individuals of equal length can differ in reproductive performance according to the environmental conditions they encounter prior to the spawning season. Hatch date turns out to be key for fecundity at age-1 as it partly controls the ability to build up reserves allocated to reproduction. We suggest the model can be used to realistically predict spawning in spatially and temporally varying environments and provide initial conditions for bio-physical models used to predict larval survival.  相似文献   

北京地区“环流－降水－谷物”系统的短期振动研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄嘉佑  张镡  颜明元 《应用气象学报》1994,(3)

文章用因子分析方法提取北京地区小麦气象产量主要特征及代表序列，并对该序列和北京地面气象要素的关系用交叉谱进行研究。发现它们在前期秋冬季中的４－６年的周期振荡（中心周期为４．５年）中有显著的相关，当前期秋季和冬季的降水量和气温在振荡中处于正距平时，当年的气象产量为丰年，反之为欠年；进一步对该序列与大气环流的静力和动力物理量之间关系研究发现它们在同样的周期振荡中有十分强烈的表现，尤其表现在与动力物理量上。研究结果进一步证实“环流－降水－谷物”系统的存在，并揭示在短期气候振动（４－６年）上的规律性。  相似文献   

A factor analytic approach to the identification of geomorphic processes from soil particle size characteristics     

Thomas J. East 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(5):441-463

Q-mode factor analysis of soil particle size data is used to identify the three dominant geomorphic processes responsible for the spatial variability of particle size in a catchment on the basaltic Darling Downs landsurface. Three factors are shown to account for 95 per cent of the textural variability of a suite of transported and sedentary materials. The spatial characteristics of groups of samples associated with the three factors suggests that the three factors are associated with suspended sediment transport and deposition, weathering, and bedload transport and deposition respectively. These interpretations are supported by the detailed graphical analysis of the cumulative particle size curves. The spatially variable influence of the three factors and related processes is given by their respective factor loadings which are mappable for the surface layer materials.  相似文献   

均质土坡的安全系数     

徐金明  陈文才 《上海国土资源》1995,(3):43-48

本文用变分法的基本理论的方法，推导出了均质土坡稳定性在平面应变情况下的基本方程，将简单边坡无粘性土（Ｃ＝０）与纯粘性土ψ＝０）的情况作为特例导出了相应的计算方法与计算公式，并对传统的条分法与土坡临界高度计算方法进行了讨论。  相似文献   

上扬子台区下寒武统黑色岩系中的钒矿床   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

鲍正襄  万榕江  包觉敏 《云南地质》2002,21(2):175-182

我国南部早寒武世黑色岩系中，蕴藏丰富的金属和非金属矿产。而位于扬子地台东南缘的钒矿床尤其令人瞩目。本文以湘西为例，剖析该类钒矿地质特征和成矿规律。矿床产于下寒武统黑色岩系底产的碳系页岩、硅岩及黑色页岩组合。矿层呈层状、似层状，产权稳定，埋藏浅，储量大。矿石主要由水云母（伊利石）和石英组成，含有机质及藻类化石。成矿受地层、岩性、古构造和古地理条件控制。矿床具有微生物成矿与海底热水沉积双重特征，成因应属生物地球化学积积矿床范畴。  相似文献