栖息地分布与种内竞争对刺参集群特征的影响     

辛孝科  张立斌  于正林  杨红生 《海洋科学》2018,42(5):138-144

为探究刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)种内竞争与栖息地对其群体分布的影响,作者通过缩时摄像机拍摄及视频分析,研究了刺参集群分布特征,结果发现:刺参在礁石栖息地的栖息时间显著高于在缸壁处的栖息时间(P 0.05),刺参对栖息地有明显偏好性;刺参在运动时并未聚集在同一栖息地,而离散分布在多处栖息地中(P 0.05);当密度增大到15头/缸(11.31头/m~2, d=1.3 m)时,刺参在栖息地内的平均聚集率和平均聚集时间比例会显著下降(P 0.05),种内竞争加剧,刺参多呈斑块状分布,在密度过高时种内竞争压力上升,刺参个体间选择分散以减少竞争。本研究查明了实验室条件下栖息地分布和种内竞争对刺参集群特征的影响,可为野外刺参增养殖与资源持续利用提供理论参考。  相似文献   

UV-B辐射对强壮前沟藻（Amphidinium carterae）和等鞭金藻（Isochrysis galbana）种间竞争的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢志浩  俞泓伶  曹鲁妍 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(6):857-862

采用共培养的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对不同起始密度强壮前沟藻和等鞭金藻种间竞争的影响。结果表明,在单养时,随着起始密度的增加,2种微藻在生长过程中进入指数生长期和平台期的时间逐渐缩短,所达到的最大种群密度都依次降低。在混养时,当接种比例为A∶I=1∶4和A∶I=1∶1时,等鞭金藻在种间竞争中占有优势;当接种比例为A∶I...  相似文献   

The build-up of the laboratory-generated dose-response curve and underestimation of equivalent dose for quartz OSL in the high dose region: A critical modelling study     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The application of a regeneration procedure for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating requires that the dose-response curve (DRC) of a natural sample is the same as that of a laboratory-generated one. However, the build-up of the laboratory-generated DRCs of quartz has been widely reported in the literature, i.e., the laboratory-generated DRCs are significantly higher than the natural counterparts in the high dose region (above 150 or 200 Gy). This results in severe underestimation of equivalent dose (D_e) for quartz OSL in the high dose region during the application of a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. However, the potential mechanism governing the build-up of the laboratory-generated DRC is still unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the natural and laboratory-generated OSL signals and DRCs using a kinetic model for quartz. We compared the differences in charge concentrations between natural and laboratory-irradiated aliquots following irradiation and monitored the competition for holes and electrons during preheat and stimulation, for the natural, regenerative, and test dose cycles. In the course of the modelling, we could see the build-up of laboratory-generated DRCs, the underestimation of D_e, and a double exponential saturation characteristic of the DRCs. We demonstrated a discrepancy in competition for electrons in the deep electron trap and recombination centres during stimulation between the natural, regenerative, and test dose cycles. The simulation results are directly relevant to quartz OSL D_e determination using the SAR protocol and reveal the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed different behaviours between natural and laboratory-generated DRCs.  相似文献   

北京市怀柔区雁栖镇旅游产业集群特征研究     

王润  刘爱利  郑健 《地域研究与开发》2015,(3)

以北京市怀柔区雁栖镇为案例,通过问卷调查与深度访谈了解产业集群运行的基本情况,并通过回归和方差分析等手段指出不同规模和位于不同地域的企业在旅游产业集群中的不同作用。研究结果发现:雁栖镇旅游产业具有典型的集群特征,具备复杂的产业联系网络,产业地域辐射广;虽然同质性较高,但市场上形成了良好的合作与创新氛围;大中型企业在集群中起到支配作用,能够招徕游客,是创新的主要发生者;小企业和位于边缘区的企业在市场竞争中处于劣势地位,应该给予政策扶持。  相似文献   

广西石炭纪早期下垌村珊瑚礁基本特征及其沉积环境分析     

陈晓红  巩恩普  王铁晖  关长庆  张永利  杨大勇  王会敏 《地质学报》2013,87(5):597-608

广西田林地区发育有早石炭世全球罕见的后生动物格架礁,该珊瑚礁的主体部分由双型珊瑚(Diphyphyllum)、丛管珊瑚(Siphonodendron)、石柱珊瑚(Lithostrotion)以及笛管珊瑚(Syringopora)等建造而成。这些造架珊瑚个体一般以无性出芽繁殖生长和躲避障碍物弯曲生长的竞争模式占据更多的空间生态位,而群体之间则以越顶生长的策略取得竞争的胜利。礁体连续发育,无明显的间断性和旋回性,但造礁生物的组合在礁体纵向分布上存在一定差异,可识别出3个连续的生物组合单元,即Diphyphyllum组合、Siphonodendron-Lithostrotion组合和Diphyphyllum-Syringopora组合。对礁剖面岩石的微相特征研究,划分出了含少量生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、钙藻粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、灰泥质颗粒灰岩、珊瑚格架岩和有孔虫生物碎屑亮晶颗粒岩等6种微相类型。礁体在发育过程中经历了由深水开阔台地相到浅水开阔台地相,珊瑚礁相到台内斜坡相再到台内浅滩相,标志着海平面逐渐下降、水体变浅、水动能不断增强的沉积环境。  相似文献   

计算机地图制图教学方法改革研究     

王延亮  杨金玲  张贺 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(10):73-74,78

计算机地图制图课程的教学多数采用传统的知识驱动式教学法,该教学法的特点是先理论后实践．理论讲授比重较大。在计算机地图制图单纯使用“案例教学法”或“任务驱动教学法”都存在不足。笔者将二者相结合,设计了“案例引导的任务驱动教学法”,以案例为模板,以任务为目标,有效地激发了学生的积极性,使其较好地掌握计算机地图制图的知识和技术。  相似文献   

中美在中国周边地区的商品贸易发展及影响力对比北大核心CSCDCSSCI     

陈小强  袁丽华  宋长青  程昌秀  曹丹萍  王翔宇  梁晓瑶  王元慧  易红 《地理研究》2022,41(3):663-680

中美两国之间激烈的贸易竞争不仅集中在双边贸易领域,而且延伸为全球市场范围内的博弈。尤其在中国周边地区,厘清两国贸易影响力此消彼长的竞争态势,对维护中国的经济安全与发展具有重要现实意义。基于1996—2017年国家间商品贸易数据,利用时间约束聚类识别中国及周边地区贸易发展的阶段,构建贸易网络对比各阶段中美两国在中国周边地区的贸易发展及影响力变化。研究发现:①1996—2017年间中国及周边地区贸易呈三阶段跳跃式发展,贸易规模不断扩大。②中国在周边地区贸易的总体规模和覆盖程度均超越美国,中国在周边地区贸易收支中普遍存在日益扩大的顺差,而美国在中国周边地区始终保持着稳定大量的贸易逆差。③中国在周边地区的贸易影响力实现了对美国的赶超,中国的出口影响力优势突出,而美国仍旧拥有不俗的进口影响力。④中国与日本的贸易呈阶段式跳跃发展,而美国与日本始终保持着稳定的贸易联系。中国同日本在机电产品上的垂直型产业内贸易发达,但处于产业分工下游的相对不利地位,美国是日本的机电制成品和运输设备等高端产品的最终消费市场。研究结果对于中国维护周边地区经贸合作的稳定与发展和应对美国的冲击有所启示。  相似文献   

Dividing the algal soup: is there niche separation between native bivalves (Echyridella menziesii) and non-native Daphnia pulex in New Zealand?     

《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2012,46(1):45-59

ABSTRACT

New Zealand's native freshwater mussels (kākahi, kāeo) are considered to be in decline, yet the mechanisms driving this are unclear. The widespread establishment of highly efficient filter-feeding, non-native Daphnia in New Zealand lakes may have led to competition for algae with kākahi. We conducted a controlled laboratory experiment to determine whether differences exist in algal resources utilised by kākahi and North American Daphnia pulex. Echyridella menziesii (adults and juveniles) and D. pulex were exposed to mixed algal samples for three hours to determine whether similar algal resources were removed by the grazers. Relative to controls, both adult and juvenile E. menziesii removed a broad range of algal taxa including diatoms, green algae and filamentous species, ranging in size from 33.6 to 348.0?μm. High densities of D. pulex were unable to cause depletion of these same algae species. Our results suggest niche overlap is limited between the two grazers; E. menziesii utilises larger particles than D. pulex.  相似文献   

Comparison of simultaneous and combinatorial auction designs in fisheries quota market     

M.S. Iftekhar  J.G. Tisdell 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):446-453

Individual transferable quota (ITQ) markets are being used successfully to distribute quotas in single region and single species fisheries. In many parts of the world, the development of well crafted markets for multispecies or multiregional fisheries is still evolving. As a result, there exists an opportunity to inform policy by providing research insights into the relative merits of alternative market designs for such fisheries.This study explored the relative merits of a simultaneous ascending auction design and an iterative combinatorial auction design for a hypothetical multiple region quota market. In a simultaneous auction, separate auctions are run in parallel for individual species or regions. During intermediate rounds, fishers can adjust their bids in auction depending on their position in the other auction. In a combinatorial auction, a fisher can purchase a combination of quotas (or a package quota) for different fish species or regions in the same auction. Being able to acquire bundles of species or regions allows fishers to take advantage of complementarities. To date, the potentials of such auctions have not been thoroughly tested in fisheries quota markets. This study found that while a simultaneous auction design was more efficient than combinatorial auction design overall, combinatorial market design took fewer rounds to make final allocations and performed better in high synergy environments.  相似文献   

化感作用对中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻竞争演替的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王江涛  李慧  曹婧  张议文 《海洋学报》2012,34(2):169-178

为了检验化感作用对赤潮藻类生长和竞争的影响,对中肋骨条藻滤液进行了培养实验,结果显示中肋骨条藻滤液对其自身的生长呈现出化感抑制现象,而且抑制作用在磷限制条件下尤为显著。自化感作用的程度与藻的生长阶段有关,指数期滤液对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用比衰亡期滤液略强。不同滤液添加比例实验进一步验证了中肋骨条藻自化感作用的存在。降解实验表明在某些机制的作用下,化感物质会随时间而发生降解。在所有的滤液培养实验中,中肋骨条藻对东海原甲藻的生长没有明显影响,这可能是由于东海原甲藻对滤液中的化学物质有较强的耐受能力。中肋骨条藻滤液的共培养实验结果显示,中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻表现出演替现象,东海原甲藻最终获得竞争优势。实验结果表明化感作用可能会影响中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的竞争演替。  相似文献