非洲欠发达地区首都新城开发策略研究     

刘洁敏  吕斌 《世界地理研究》2021,30(2):276-285

近年来,以各国首都为代表的非洲城市呈现高速扩张态势,由此催生了新城开发的浪潮。本文梳理了非洲新城开发的理论和实践,总结了其背景和驱动力、关键性角色及面临的挑战。以刚果共和国首都布拉柴维尔市东部新城开发实践为例,通过实地调研获取资料,总结其驱动因素,概述了所在国政府、企业、金融机构等的作用,以及其存在的政治经济形式不稳定、土地交易市场不成熟、地质灾害风险等现实挑战。以新城概念规划方案为蓝本,提出设计弹性城市规划方案、建立完善土地管理制度、政企协同开发、多渠道筹备资金、工程设计保障地质安全、建设通达的道路交通系统、各类需求或文化背景人群分片开发住宅区、建造经济便捷的住宅产品、配建符合各方需求的公共服务设施、设立与当地经济发展相适应的产业园区开发策略。  相似文献   

Marine ecosystem variability and human community responses: The example of Ghana,West Africa     

R. Ian Perry  U. Rashid Sumaila 《Marine Policy》2007

This study describes variability in the marine ecosystem of Ghana, West Africa, on several temporal and spatial scales and discusses how the human communities using this ecosystem respond to this variability to cope socially and economically. Ghanaian marine waters are part of an upwelling system with strong seasonal and inter-annual variability. Much of this variability is forced at large spatial scales in the tropical Atlantic and by El Niño—Southern Oscillation events in the Pacific Ocean, which influence inter-annual variability of sea surface temperature and pelagic fish landings off Ghana. At decadal scales, Ghanaian marine waters experienced cool sea temperatures and low fishery landings during the 1960s, rapid warming and increases in fishery landings during the late 1970s and 1980s, and variable temperatures and fishery landings during the 1990s. In the late 1990s, pelagic and demersal fish populations appeared to be declining, partly due to over-fishing, although the per capita supply (domestic production plus net imports) of fish was kept high by increased imports. Artisanal fishers and fishing communities in Ghana have devised strategies to deal with variability on seasonal and inter-annual scales. These livelihood strategies include: (i) exploiting marine and terrestrial natural resources more intensively, initially at local scales but expanding to regional scales; (ii) ensuring multiple and diversified income sources; (iii) investing in social relationships and communities for support; and (iv) undertaking seasonal or permanent migrations. In addition, the national government imports fish to deal with shortages. However, these strategies may be less adapted to variability at decadal scales, and may not be sustainable when viewed at the larger scales of environmental change.  相似文献   

中国地质工作转型升级中的资金投入特征     

姜杉钰  王峰  樊笑英 《地质论评》2023,69(3):69031105-69031110

通过对当前地质工作转型升级时期的资金投入分析,梳理了财政投入和社会资金的现状特征和问题,进而提出了对策建议。研究结果显示,中国的地质工作正处于转型升级期,在资金投入上主要表现出资金投下滑总体趋势放缓、矿产勘查资金供需矛盾突出、新旧动能转换引领投资分化、科技和信息化投入仍需提升、投入空间格局正发生转变五大特征。研究认为,为进一步优化资金投入以适应新的发展形势,应该以中长期战略引领投资布局,强化两级财政的协同配合,多措并举吸引社会资本注入,完善财政投入评估调整机制。  相似文献   

“Differentiated citizenship” and the persistence of informal rural credit systems in Amazonia     

《Geoforum》2015

In the Brazilian Amazon, the long-distance river trading system known as aviamento has linked commodity producers in remote areas to markets in urban centers since the colonial period. Based on a case study from the rural municipality of Lábrea, this article explores continuities and changes in river trading from the point view of riverine residents and river traders. Geographic isolation and seasonal productive needs continued people’s dependence on river traders in 2008–2009, but they had greater choices due to increased access to information, mobility, and alternate markets. Expanded citizenship rights provided access to the vote and to education and other government services, but in a “differentiated” manner that still excluded many rural Amazonians. Given that agroindustry is currently the economic focus for Amazonian development, instead of forest product extraction, these rural producers continued to be forced to rely on informal river traders to meet their needs.  相似文献   

A global index for measuring socio-spatial segregation versus integration     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

The article suggests a global index that measures segregation/integration in social space on one continuum. We assume that social space is the context of human agency, stimulating some modes of action and turning down other modes of action, but still leaving a room for active agency. Accordingly, we introduce the concept of socio-spatial lifestyle and we define segregation/integration as one aspect of socio-spatial lifestyle. The index is multidimensional relating to residential and activity spaces and to the sources of recruiting social, cultural and emotional capitals in either intra or inter ethnic sources.A case study of Arabs in Israel is tested showing the relatively high segregation of Arabs in terms of accumulating social capital even when Arabs commute to Jewish spaces and live in Jewish neighborhoods or mixed cities.  相似文献   

石羊河下游农户的生计风险及应对策略——以民勤绿洲区为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵雪雁  赵海莉  刘春芳 《地理研究》2015,34(5)

石羊河下游农户面临着严峻的风险冲击,使其生计脆弱性加剧。当前急需辨明农户面临的主要风险,探索阻碍农户抵御风险冲击的潜在因素,并依此找寻提高农户风险应对能力的对策措施。基于入户调查数据,分析了石羊河下游民勤绿洲区农户面临的主要生计风险及应对策略,并采用多元logistic模型分析了影响风险应对策略选择的因素。结果发现:1市场、教育及自然风险已成为农户面临的最主要生计风险,其中纯农户(全部劳动力均从事农业生产)与一兼户(非农收入比重50%)主要面临市场、教育及自然风险,二兼户(50%≤非农收入比重90%)为市场、健康及教育风险,非农户(非农收入比重≥90%)为教育、健康及养老风险;2减少消费、外出打工、动用储蓄、向亲友寻求帮助、向银行借贷是农户应对风险的主要策略,其中非农户的首选策略中居首位的是外出打工,其他三类农户均为减少消费;3人力资本、金融资本、社会资本是影响农户风险应对策略选择的最重要因素,物质资本次之,自然资本的影响最弱。最后,提出了提高农户风险应对能力的对策建议。  相似文献   

社会资本、旅游参与意识对居民参与旅游的影响效应分析——以北京什刹海社区为例     

时少华 《地域研究与开发》2015,(3)

对国内外旅游社区参与程度影响因素的研究虽然比较全面与系统,但对于社会资本影响因素以及社会资本和社区旅游参与意识共同影响社区旅游参与方面的研究比较少见。以北京什刹海社区为例,通过问卷调查,建立了结构方程模型。研究结果表明,城市旅游社区中的社会资本、居民旅游参与意识对旅游社区居民参与具有正向影响,旅游参与意识是社会资本对社区居民参与影响的重要中介变量,且具有正向调节作用。提出了加强社区居民参与意识和培育社区社会资本的建议。  相似文献   

外部社会资本视角下的黄土高原农户生活满意度研究——以陕西省长武县洪家镇为例     

王子侨  石育中  杨新军  刘超 《干旱区地理》2017,40(6):1317-1327

基于外部社会资本视角,选取黄土高原典型农区陕西省长武县洪家镇,探讨不同生计类型农户的社会资本特征及生活满意度差异,重点讨论社会资本对不同生计类型农户生活满意度的影响。结果表明：（1）当地四种类型农户社会资本存在显著差异,整体上表现出多种生计方式并存的农户类型高于单一生计方式为主的农户。（2）当地农户生活满意度水平整体较低。（3）农户社会资本存量对生活满意度水平提高具有促进作用。社会网络、社会互动、社会信任、共同愿景均是影响农户生活满意度的重要社会因素;此外,影响不同类型农户生活满意度的首要社会资本因子各不相同,分别为社会互动（纯农型）、社会网络（农兼型）、信任（兼农型、非农型）。  相似文献   

Environmental and socioeconomic dynamics of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Penang,Malaysia     

Benjamin Horton  Michael Bird  Thomas Birkland  Susan Cowie  Ong Jin Eong  Andrea Hawkes  Gong Wooi Khoon  Lisa Law  Colin Macgregor  Aileen Tan Shau‐Hwai  Teh Tiong Sa  Zulfigar Yasin 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(3):307-324

This paper addresses some of the environmental and socioeconomic dimensions of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on Penang, Malaysia. We aim to offer wide access to unique and perishable data, while at the same time providing insight to ongoing debates about hazards, vulnerability and social capital. Our social survey examines some of the dynamics that shaped the tsunami impact, response and recovery process. While in terms of lives lost Penang may not conform to arguments surrounding vulnerable environments, the recovery process is more marked by social disparities in terms of the ability to access resources. Our physical survey records local topography, flow depth and flow direction, and charts the differential impact of the tsunami. Yet measuring hazards is not a straightforward process, and relies on reflexive methodologies and eyewitness accounts.  相似文献   

地震系统基建档案管理探析     

朱少华 《国际地震动态》2010,(11):31-35

总结了新形势下地震系统基建档案的发展与变化,探索了基建档案新的管理模式。  相似文献