大别造山带地壳结构反演及其动力学意义     

李佳蔚  裴顺平  贺传松 《中国地震》2018,34(3):498-512

大别造山带是全球最大的碰撞造山带之一,三叠纪时期,扬子板块深俯冲至地幔的200km处,经历了超高压变质作用。白垩纪早期,该造山带发生了强烈的伸展和垮塌,以及大规模的后造山地幔源岩浆侵入和火山活动。本研究收集了大别造山带及其邻区(29°~34°N、114°~119°E)的震相资料,采用双差层析成像技术,对大别造山带地壳结构进行反演,研究地壳结构与后造山地幔源岩浆侵入和火山活动之间的关系。结果显示,大别造山带中上地壳存在低速结构,该低速结构可能是熔融的幔源侵入物质,由于俯冲板片断裂,或下地壳/岩石圈发生拆沉,导致软流圈物质上涌至地壳底部、侵入地壳中,形成大别造山带地壳中的低速结构;同时,合肥盆地显示为低速区,可能是受浅部沉积层影响。研究中横切大别山的4条剖面显示,该地区下方存在北向倾斜高速结构,该高速结构可能是襄樊-广济断层,或者是扬子板块向华北板块下方俯冲的遗迹。  相似文献   

基于震源-河谷波场数值模拟的坝址地震动参数确定方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

贺春晖  王进廷  张楚汉 《地球物理学报》2017,60(2):585-592

针对目前高坝坝址地震动参数确定方法的一些不足,本文尝试了一种基于地震学理论的坝址区三维地震动场生成方法.基本思路是将地震学和工程学结合,针对设定地震,建立震源-传播介质-坝址峡谷场地数值模型,通过超大规模的数值计算,模拟地震波从发震断层破裂开始到坝址场地的物理传播过程,生成坝址区的三维地震动参数.与传统基于衰减关系的地震动参数确定方法相比,这一方法可以考虑震源机制、传播介质和坝址峡谷场地效应等三大要素的影响.对于特定的坝址,可以生成符合实际地质构造、区域岩体动力特性以及坝址峡谷地质地形条件的地震动荷载分布,具有针对性,为重大高坝枢纽工程遭遇极端地震荷载作用时的抗震安全性提供了一种新的分析手段.  相似文献   

基于时空局域化dreamlet单程波算子的观测系统沉降法偏移   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

吴帮玉  吴如山  高静怀  徐宗本 《地球物理学报》2017,60(9):3505-3517

Dreamlet偏移成像目的是探索一类能够对地震波场和单程波传播算子同时分解和压缩的理论和方法,也即实现在压缩域的传播与成像、地震数据在时间和空间的非平稳性质,决定了要实现地震数据的有效稀疏表示,分解方法必须在时间和空间上同时具有局域化性质.Dreamlet由时间和空间局部分解原子的张量积构成,可以看作一种脉冲-小波束形式的波场分解原子.时空局域化的dreamlet单程波传播算子在对波场沿深度方向延拓时,地震数据在时间轴上总是向同一方向流动.随着深度的增加,部分用于成像浅层结构的数据归位至其空间位置后被dreamlet算子丢弃,波场的有效记录时间变短,每一步用于波场延拓的计算量也相应下降.为了充分发挥这一优势,本文介绍dreamlet传播算子与观测系统沉降法偏移相结合的理论与方法.观测系统沉降法偏移每一步都将记录到的所有数据向下延拓,沉降后的波场等效于把源和检波器都放置在目标深度所能接收的反射数据.Dreamlet观测系统沉降过程只保留用于成像观测系统下部地质结构的有效数据,自动丢弃已经用于成像观测系统上部而对下部成像没有贡献的信号.本文通过二维SEG/EAGE叠后和Marmousi叠前数据算例展示了dreamlet传播算子应用于观测系统沉降法偏移的这一特点.数值算例结果显示,在不影响成像质量的前提下,该偏移方法能够有效减少传播数据量,为发展一种快速高效的偏移方法提供了新的思路.  相似文献   

三维共偏移距叠前地震数据反假频射线束形成偏移成像          下载免费PDF全文

吴帮玉  杨辉  孙文博  姜秀娣  高静怀 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3297-3309

对稀疏/非规则采样或者低信噪比数据,射线束提取困难并伴随有假频产生,对叠加剖面和道集造成严重干扰.为了提升射线束偏移在稀疏和低信噪比地震数据采集中的成像效果,本文提出基于三角滤波的局部倾斜叠加波束形成偏移假频压制方法.射线束偏移首先将地震数据划分为超道集,经过部分NMO后转化为以射线束中心定义的共偏移距数据,倾斜叠加和反假频操作均在局部共中心点坐标上实现.时间域倾斜叠加是对地震数据的时移累加操作,三角低通滤波同样可以在时间域完成,在对地震数据进行因果和反因果积分后,亦为地震数据的时移累加.因此,三角低通滤波与倾斜叠加可在时间域结合同时完成,避免了频域滤波的正反傅里叶变换.本文在反假频公式中加入权重系数,用以对反假频的程度进行控制,达到分辨率和噪声压制的最佳折衷.以某海上三维实际数据为例,文中展示了反假频射线束形成对偏移叠加剖面和共成像点偏移距道集中的噪声进行了有效压制.  相似文献   

Farmers’ awareness and perception of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia) and its watershed management     

《Limnologica》2017

The article examines how heads of farmers’ households perceive the socioeconomic benefits of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia), the causes of its current degradation, and the state of land and water use management in its watershed. The investigation was based on in-depth empirical field work including a survey with 635 heads of smallholder farmers’ households via interview using semi-structured questionnaires. Further, water abstraction was estimated from three districts that border with the lake. Respondents believe that Lake Ziway provides a number of individual and collective benefits for local communities, private companies and public institution. They stated, however, that the lake is under pressure from the floriculture industry and other investment projects, high population growth and subsequent expansion of settlements and irrigation farms, high applications of agrochemicals, soil erosion, uncontrolled water abstraction, and deforestation in the watershed. The respondents further believe that these activities are degrading the lake water quality, shrinking its water volume and decreasing its fish population. After examining government’s efforts to address these activities, the majority of respondents believe that the government role in the whole watershed is weak. This study contributes to better understand the local socio-ecological coherences and the problems Lake Ziway and its watershed are facing. It also provides information regarding long-term sustainable land and water use planning strategies for the lake and management of its watershed, which could also be applied to other lakes in Ethiopia, and beyond.  相似文献   

The Conversion Relationship between the Local Earthquake Magnitude and Surface Wave Magnitude in the Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network     

LIU Fang  SU Riy  XU Xiquan  LI Hui  NA Re 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):86-96

Using 116 earthquakes over M_L3.8 in the Inner Mongolia region from 2008 to 2015, the local earthquake magnitude M_L and surface wave magnitude M_S are remeasured. Based on norm linear regression(SR1 and SR2) and norm(OR) orthogonal regression method, we established the conversion relationship between M_L and M_S. The results were tested with Gaussian disturbance. The result shows that the orthogonal regression method(OR) result has the best fitting curve, and the conversion relation is M_S=0.96 M_L-0.10. The difference between our result and Guo Lücan's(M_S=1.13 M_L-1.08) may be caused by regional tectonic characteristics. M_(S Inner Mongolia) value is significantly higher than the M_(S empirical) value, with an average difference of 0.23, the difference distribution of empirical relation and the rectified relation is in the range of 0.2-0.3.  相似文献   

Local scour around two side-by-side cylindrical bridge piers under ice-covered conditions     

Mohammad reza Namaee  Jueyi Sui 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(4):355-367

In the current study, 108 flume experiments with non-uniform, cohesionless sediments have been done to investigate the local scour process around four pairs of side-by-side bridge piers under both open channel and ice-covered flow conditions. Similar to local scour around bridge piers under open channel conditions and a single bridge pier, it was observed in the experiments that the maximum scour depth always occurred at the upstream face of the pier under ice-covered conditions. Further, the smaller the pier size and the greater the spacing distance between the bridge piers, the weaker the horseshoe vortices around the bridge piers, and, thus, the shallower the scour holes around them. Finally, empirical equations were developed to estimate the maximum scour depth around two side-by-side bridge piers under both open channel and ice-covered flow conditions.  相似文献   

 基于SRTM-DEM区域地形起伏的获取及应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张会平  刘少峰  孙亚平  陈永生 《国土资源遥感》2006,17(1):31-35

 基于数字高程模型（DEM）空间分析方法，利用SRTM采集的DEM数据，提出两种获取区域地形起伏的关键技术，即高程条带法（Swath Profile）和高程阈值法（Threshold Value），并通过扩展区域地形起伏获取的技术方法，初步实现了黄土高原典型地区侵蚀量的定量化分析。  相似文献   

Automatic detection of sunspots on solar continuum HMI images blending local–global threshold     

《New Astronomy》2024

A huge collection of solar images to visualize sunspot are acquired by various solar observatories spread across the globe. This necessitates efficient tools for detecting and analyzing the sunspots encompassing diverse solar features. One such contribution is delivered in this work by exploiting the intrinsic intensity variations of solar images associated with sunspots and their attributes. The presented mechanism initially, pre-processes the acquired solar images by correcting the intensity variations introduced while profiling from the sun center to the limb followed by smoothening using a localized window. The resultant is then differenced from the global threshold that is obtained as a result of the statistical analysis computed over the probability distribution function of the input image. This arrangement offers higher discerning variations concerned with the local contextual structures related to sunspot, umbra, and penumbra. Also, it captures the major gradient variation between these regions that adds to the pixel heterogeneity surrounding them to finally render an automatic sunspot detection mechanism distinguishing the diverse solar regions. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) investigation on annual solar images in Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) format reveals the presented method’s efficacy. Also, Pearson correlation analysis of the evaluated sunspot numbers from the detected sunspots with the solar catalog reveals the scheme’s detection closeness. Moreover, the model’s simplicity analyzed along the time and space dimensions affirms its extension to real-time analysis  相似文献   

基于局地相似理论的蒸发波导计算方案及敏感性试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

丁菊丽  费建芳  黄小刚  周鑫 《海洋通报》2009,28(1)

蒸发波导是海洋环境中最常出现的异常大气折射结构,具有很高的利用价值.利用局地相似理论代替 Monin-Obukhov 相似理论来确定近地层温度、湿度垂直分布廓线,并借助热带海洋全球大气-海气耦合响应试验(TOGA COARE) 中提出的总体通量算法,对 Local 模式和 New 的推导过程和算法设计进行了详细的阐述和说明.通过比较不同模式的计算结果和敏感性试验发现,在较强逆温和低风速(强稳定层结) 条件下,除 P-J 模式外,基于 Monin-Obukhov 相似理论的蒸发波导模式计算的高度值均出现异常突变;而基于局地相似理论的 Local 模式能够有效抑制这种异常突变的现象,且与加入人为修正的 P-J 模式结果比较接近.New 模式集 Babin 模式与 Local 模式的优点于一身,应该说是目前理论上最为完善的模式.  相似文献