中国区域地壳稳定性定量化评价与分区   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

孙叶  谭成轩  杨贵生  王瑞江 《地质力学学报》1997,3(3):41-52

中国地处环太平洋构造带与地中海构造带交接部位,地质构造复杂,活动性较为强烈,各种内动力地质灾害比较严重,总体看来中国区域地壳稳定性相对较差。为了使区域地壳稳定性评价与分区获得定量化认识,更好地服务于经济建设和减灾防灾,本文在分析中国现今活动的主要构造体系与内动力地质灾害的分布规律的基础上,首先进行区域地壳稳定性定量化评价待评区的划分;其次进行定量化评价指标的选定、取值、权重分配及评价标准的确定;最后运用模糊数学进行中国区域地壳稳定性定量化评价与分区。   相似文献   

MTT-92型煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马超群 《煤田地质与勘探》1997,25(5):57-60

介绍了电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯突出危险的基本原理、MTT-92型煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪的技术指标、电原理框图及在白皎矿的试验效果,从而说明煤与瓦斯突出危险探测仪可以作为预测煤与瓦斯突出危险的一种新型物探手段。   相似文献   

海洋监视工作效益和工作质量评价方法探讨     

张士三  陈劲毅 《台湾海峡》1998,17(3):337-341

海洋监视工作的效益和工作质量评价是海洋行政执法管理中对其工作结果进行检查和自检的一种方法。本文根据海洋监视可控度,海上管理目标实现情况及效益判断事项,分别建立了工作效益和工作质量评价的数学公式。该公式表明,效益指数ＶＳ与海洋监视可控度Ｋ呈正比,与权益怀事项数、性事项数及公益性事项数之和也呈正比。工作质量指数ＶＺ与海洋监视可控度Ｋ呈正比,而与对压Ｋ的违法事件发生率、环境质量参数、海洋资源非合理开发项  相似文献   

基于多元数据分析的我国PM2.5浓度及其主控因子的时空分布特征研究     

姚雪峰  葛宝珠  郑海涛  马宇飞  高超  王自发 《气候与环境研究》2018,23(5):596-606

基于2013~2016年空气质量监测台站资料,利用经验正交分解、功率谱分析、BP典型相关分析等多元数据分析方法解析了中国地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）主要模态的时空特征,并与排放源和气象场建立了相关关系,得到以下结论:中国地区PM2.5场存在两个主要模态,其中第一主模态为一致增加模态,强度中心位于西北地区东部—华北南部地区;其时间序列呈显著下降趋势。第二主模态主要表现为南北反向变化的偶极子型分布,其大值区分别位于华北中南部和长江中下游地区。其中,PM2.5第一模态可以看作平均态,主要受平均排放场和环流场及大地形的影响,在北方的表现更为显著。PM2.5第二模态可看作偏离平均场的一种变化态,在冬季更可能和冷空气活动有关。冷空气的强弱决定了污染累积的位置以及输送的方式,其作用是使得南方的污染明显偏离平均态,故第二主模态在南方的表现更为显著。本研究有效地利用了多元数据分析方法研究了我国大气污染的演变机理,可为进一步认清大气污染的形成规律提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

Aquatic Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Wet Weather Discharges in the Sydney Region, New South Wales, Australia     

Gary Bickford  John Toll  Judi Hansen  Elaine Baker  Robert Keessen 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):335-345

Sydney Water has completed a risk assessment to assess the risks to human health and aquatic organisms in creeks, rivers, estuaries and ocean waters affected by wet weather sewage overflows, stormwater and sewage treatment plant discharges. The risk assessment methodology consists of a comparison of measured and predicted concentrations of chemicals with toxicity reference values. Estimates of receiving water chemical concentrations were derived using data from a 10-year period so that the variable rainfall pattern was represented. Computer models were used to simulate and predict wet weather discharges during this ten year period. Risks were validated by bioassays and bioassessments. Risks to aquatic life from wet weather discharges were attributed to 14 chemicals at one or more of the sites and stormwater was the predominate source of the chemicals. There were no risks to people engaged in water based activities. Noncarcinogenic risks from fish ingestion are predicted at three sites. Predicted cancer risks for most individual chemicals were relatively small. Carcinogenic risks were typically associated with organochlorine compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dichlorobenzene, and arsenic. The predicted cancer risks also appear to be largely the result of stormwater rather than sewage overflow inputs and largely due to historical contamination by organochlorine pesticides. It is expected the concentrations of these chemicals will decrease over time.  相似文献   

娄邵地区煤矿地质灾害   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖和平 《湖南地质》1999,18(1):57-60

本文对娄邵地区煤矿地质灾害的地质背景,灾害特征进行了综合分析,在此基础上,作者认为煤矿开采与抽水使矿区构造应力场变化和重新分配,是产生地质灾害的基因,同时,提出了减灾措施。  相似文献   

中国大陆岩石圈最新构造变动与地震灾害   总被引：68，自引：1，他引：67       下载免费PDF全文

张培震 《第四纪研究》1999,19(5):404-413

中国大陆的地震灾害十分严重,不仅分布广,而且频度高、强度大,对经济建设和社会发展构成了很大的威胁。晚第四纪岩石圈构造变动是地震发生的根本原因。一系列巨大的活动断裂将中国大陆切割成为不同级别的活动地壳块体,地块内部相对稳定,边界构造活动强烈。这些地块从晚第四纪一直持续活动至今。有历史记载以来,中国大陆的119次7级以上地震有104次发生在这些活动地块的边界带上。因而,活动地块的运动及其之间的相互作用构成了中国大陆晚第四纪构造变形的最基本特征,对中国大陆地震孕育和发生起着直接的控制作用。  相似文献   

浙江省海宁市TM图像土地利用自动分类精度评价方法的试验研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

朱光良  刘南 《遥感学报》1999,3(2):144-150

按照国家土管局土地利用现状分类标准,利用叠合的海宁市长安镇１∶１万同时期土地详查电子地图的全域地面实况数据,在遥感图像处理常规分类方法的范畴内,采取最大程度利于提高分类精度的措施,所得的分类精度上限为６５％。研究表明,通常在试验区的小块局部中选择训练样本和选择评价分类精度的参考像元,对精度评价有显著影响,参考像元质量和数量的限制很可能是这些年来一些同类研究报道了较高分类精度结果的主要原因  相似文献   

Bootstrapping: A Fast Way to Simulate QTz Curves     

A. Berckmans  M. Armstrong 《Mathematical Geology》1999,31(4):471-485

The aim of this paper is to present a fast method based on bootstrapping, for simulating recoverable reserves for input to financial Monte Carlo simulations. In mining, the three parameters defining recoverable reserves are the cutoff grade, z, the ore tonnage above cutoff, T, and the metal quantity above cutoff, Q. After introducing the concept of 3-dimensional QTz curves, the statistical technique called bootstrapping is reviewed and applied to a set of South African gold grades. As selective mining is carried out on blocks not points, these curves have to be calculated for blocks. The QTz curves obtained by bootstrapping are compared to those obtained by conditionally simulating the same deposit. The procedure has been extended to incorporate geologists' ideas of the likely size of the ore volume. Lastly, the recoverable reserves obtained by bootstrapping are compared with those obtained by traditional risk analysis (base case ± 10% or 20%).  相似文献   

Empirical Relationships for Debris Flows   总被引：40，自引：10，他引：30  

Rickenmann  Dieter 《Natural Hazards》1999,19(1):47-77

The assessment of the debris flow hazard potential has to rely on semi-quantitative methods. Due to the complexity of the debris-flow process, numerical simulation models of debris flows are still limited with regard to practical applications. Thus, an overview is given of empirical relationships that can be used to estimate the most important parameters of debris-flow behavior. In a possible procedure, an assessment of a maximum debris-flow volume may be followed by estimates of the peak discharge, the mean flow velocity, the total travel distance, and the runout distance on the fan. The applicability of several empirical equations is compared with available field and laboratory data, and scaling considerations are used to discuss the variability of the parameters over a large range of values. Some recommendations are made with regard to the application of the presented relationships by practicing engineers, apart from advocating field reconnaissance and searching for historic events wherever possible.  相似文献