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51.
The tectonically active broken foreland of NW Argentina is a recent analog of the eastern margin of the Puna plateau during Mio-Pliocene times and likely of other broken forelands worldwide. In order to evaluate active tectonism in the broken foreland of the NW Argentine Andes, we examined the complex geomorphology in the vicinity of the basement-cored Sierra de la Candelaria range at ∼26°S and deciphered multiple episodes of crustal deformation spanning the Pliocene to the Quaternary. Digital elevation models, satellite images and geological data within a GIS environment allowed us to analyze the terrain, drainage networks, river dynamics and structure, as well as to obtain detailed geomorphological mapping, active tectonic indices, longitudinal river profiles and structural sections. Three morphostructural segments were defined based on the structural features, the differential vertical dissection pattern over the basement, the faulted Pliocene to recent deposits, the stepwise propagation of anticlines and the distortion over the fluvial system. By combining the several lines of evidence, we concluded that the Sierra de la Candelaria range was subjected to a multi-stage development. The first stage uplifted the central segment concomitant with the formation of the surrounding ranges and with the main partition phase of the foreland. After a significant time lapse, the mountain range was subjected to southward thick-skinned growth and northward growth via stepwise thin-skinned deformation and exerted control over the dynamics of the Río Rosario. Taking into account the surrounding basins and ranges of the Sierra de la Candelaria, the southern Santa Bárbara System is characterized by partially isolated intramontane basins (Choromoro and Rosario) limited by shielded ranges that caused moisture block and shows continuous deformation. These features were related to early stages of a broken foreland evolution model and modern analogs were found at the northern Santa Bárbara System, in the vicinity of the Siancas/Güemes Valley or at the more evolved stage represented by the Lerma Valley. In addition, ancient analogs were defined for the Humahuaca basin conditions at 4–3 Ma ago or for the Toro basin at 6–3 Ma, among others. 相似文献
52.
We present new fault data for the region of the Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Field measurements concentrate on the Miocene–Holocene sedimentary deposits exposed on the Amazonas River Basin, in order to investigate the development of this region in this time-interval. Two faulting events are distinguished since the Miocene. The oldest one is related to NW–SE extension during Miocene times and associated with paleoseismicity, while the younger is associated with NE–SW extension direction and seems to persist today. These two deformational events may be thereby considered Neotectonic. Moreover, the second extensional pulse with NE–SW orientation can be explained by the surface hydrological loading, which induces the Central Amazonia flexural subsidence and may promote extensional stresses in the upper crust. 相似文献
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This paper records the findings at a temporary exposure at Thorpe St Andrew near Norwich, Norfolk, UK in Early and early Middle Pleistocene Crag deposits. The British Geological Survey (BGS) describes the particular formation exposed as Norwich Crag consisting of Early Pleistocene shallow marine sediments. The section shows a succession of sorted sands and gravels overlain by a sandy diamicton. Based on field evidence and clast analysis, the sands and gravels are interpreted as the product of point bar and overbank sedimentation and represent the product of a river cutting into and aggrading within the more widespread shallow marine deposits. Composition of the sediments indicates derivation, primarily from Wroxham Crag Formation, with a contribution from Norwich Crag. The sandy diamicton is interpreted as late Middle Pleistocene Corton Till that is recorded in the area. A distinct pattern of colour changes at the top of the sands and gravels is interpreted as a soil that developed on the fluvial sediments before being overridden by the glacier that deposited the Corton Till. The existence of the fluvial sediments within the regional shallow marine deposits suggests that a fall of sea-level, possibly due to climate cooling, while the elevation of the sediments and the adjacent Crag implies that the site has been uplifted since sedimentation. This is the first observation of terrestrial sediments within the shallow marine Crag. The paper also makes a contribution to understanding the diagenetic processes that give deposits within this region some distinctive colour and sediment patterns. 相似文献
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几十年来许多研究者从地貌、最新沉积和构造等方面,对中国的新构造运动进行了大量研究,但至今大家对新构造运动的含义却有着非常不同的认识。其关键问题是对新构造运动起始时间的看法差异很大,时间跨度从始新世晚期（40 Ma）到中更新世（0.73 Ma）,因此严重影响了新构造运动研究的深入和发展。现拟从动力条件方面探讨中国新构造运动的起始时间。通过分析中国现今地壳水平运动和现代构造应力场压应力轴的分布特征及其形成的动力条件,得出它们具有连续性和统一性,而二者分布方向较好的一致性表明,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞推挤是形成中国现今地壳运动和现代构造应力场的主要动力。然而在古近纪时中国东部和西部处于两种截然不同的大地构造环境,西部挤压、东部拉张。直到中新世中期青藏高原东部的川滇、巴颜喀拉-松潘等地块被侧向挤出,它们自北而南往北东-南东方向滑移并推挤中国大陆东部的地壳块体向前运动,才开始把中国西部和东部逐渐联成一个构造运动的统一体。这不仅得到中国东部一系列相应构造事件的印证,而且还从导致中国新生代地质构造发育的动力学环境变化方面进行了讨论。中国新构造运动开始于中新世中期,即距今约15～10 Ma. 相似文献
58.
依兰－伊通断裂依兰段的新活动特征及其构造演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文综合DEM数据、地形地貌剖面、钻孔及地层划分、浅层地震勘探、野外地质调查和典型地质剖面等资料,对依兰-伊通断裂依兰段的新构造活动进行了研究。结果表明,依兰-伊通断裂西支F1-1对小兴安岭东缘控制明显,地表陡坎微地貌相对比较发育,最新活动时代为晚更新世中晚期;东支F1-2控制了张广才岭的西缘,卫星影像线性异常不明显,地表陡坎微地貌不发育,浅层地震反射剖面所揭示的上断点埋深为45—50m,其最新活动时代为早更新世早期;中支断裂F1-3控制了低一级的地貌面,卫星影像比较清楚,地表发育高约1—2m左右的陡坎微地貌,最新活动时代为全新世。该断裂最新的活动性质表现为以右旋走滑运动为主,同时伴随有比较明显的逆冲运动分量。同时,综合前人研究结果和本次研究结果,可将依兰-伊通断裂依兰段新生代以来的构造演化划分为五个不同的阶段,即:古新世初期—古新世末期的左旋走滑挤压阶段、古新世末期—始新世中期的右旋走滑伸展阶段、始新世末期—上新世末期的右旋走滑挤压阶段、上新世末期—早第四纪的右旋走滑伸展阶段、晚第四纪的右旋走滑逆冲阶段。这一演化过程在东北地区可能具有较好的代表性。 相似文献
59.
Neotectonic evolution of the northern Laborec drainage basin (northeastern part of Slovakia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rastislav Vojtko L'ubomír PetroAlexandra Benová Ján BónaJozef Hók 《Geomorphology》2012,138(1):276-294
This study investigates the influence of neotectonic activity on river and basin patterns in a mountainous area located in the northeastern part of the Carpathian Belt (the Laborecká vrchovina and Bukovské vrchy Mts. in eastern Slovakia). This area evolved within the accretionary wedge of the Carpathians during the Neogene, and it was alsowas affected by Middle to Late Miocene thrusting of the External Carpathians. Morphometric analysis, longitudinal and transverse river valley profiles, analysis of basin and valley symmetries, and investigation of alluvial terraces were carried out on the northern Laborec River and its tributaries. This was done to detect a possible relationship between their river courses and any ongoing neotectonic activity, which is otherwise difficult to detect by methods of structural geology because of the poorly exposed area.The general topography of the basin is characterized by a stepwise inclination to the SW as a result of differential uplift and subsidence. The reorganization of the river network in the Laborec drainage basin was influenced by tectonic activity along the NE-SW up to N-S fault structures during the neotectonic phase (Pliocene-Quaternary). The movement along these fault structures is predominantly normal to transtensive. The obtained data assumes that the region is under approximately NE-SW oriented SH compression and NW-SE trending Sh tension. The Laborec drainage basin is characterized by a very high degree of asymmetry that sharply increases from the upper to the lower courses of the river. The right-bank tributaries of the Laborec River are < 12 km in length; however, the left-bank tributaries such as Vydraňka, Ol'šava, Výrava, Udava, and Cirocha Streams are up to 50 km long with a high potential of headward erosion and capturing. The valley asymmetry is also very variable in the upper and lower portions of the basin. Based on these presented results, the ancient river thalweg was located along the axis of the Hostovice-Habura depression, and it was captured by the Ol'šava, Výrava, and Udava Streams. The asymmetric pattern of the drainage basin is the result of active tectonics, the continual subsidence of the Transcarpathian Basin, and by the uplift of the Laborecká vrchovina and Bukovské vrchy Mts. These events caused rejuvenation of the headward erosion of streams in the southern part. Favorable lithology was also essential in the process of river capture. 相似文献
60.
The Vidigueira–Moura fault (VMF) is a 65 km long, E–W trending, N dipping reverse left-lateral late Variscan structure located in SE Portugal (W Iberia), which has been reactivated during the Cenozoic with reverse right-lateral slip. It is intersected by, and interferes with the NE–SW trending Alentejo–Plasencia fault. East of this intersection, for a length of 40 km the VMF borders an intracratonic tectonic basin on its northern side, thrusting Paleozoic schists, meta-volcanics and granites, on the north, over Cenozoic continental sediments preserved in the basin, on the south. West of the faults intersection, evidence of Cenozoic reactivation is scarce. In the eastern sector, Plio-Quaternary VMF reactivation is indicated by geomorphologic, stratigraphic, and structural data, showing reverse movement with a right-lateral strike-slip component, in response to a NW–SE trending compressive stress. An average vertical displacement rate of 0.06 to 0.08 mm/yr since late Pliocene (roughly the last 2.5 Ma) is estimated. The Alqueva fault (AF) is a subparallel, northward dipping, 7.5 km long anastomosing fault zone that affects Palaeozoic basement rocks, and is located 2.5 km north and on the hanging block of the VMF. The AF is also a reverse left-lateral late Variscan structure, which has been reactivated during the Tertiary with reverse right-lateral slip; however, Plio-Quaternary reactivation was normal left-lateral, as shown by abundant kinematical criteria (slickensides) and geomorphic evidence. It shows an average displacement rate of 0.02 mm/yr for the vertical component of movement in the approximately last 2.5 Ma. It is proposed that the normal displacements on the AF result from tangential longitudinal strain on the upthrown block of the VMF above a convex ramp of this main reverse structure. According to this model of faults interaction, the AF is interpreted to work as a bending-moment fault sited above the VMF thrust ramp. Consequently, it is expected that the displacements on the AF increase towards the topographic surface with the increase in the imposed extension, declining downwards until they vanish above or at the VMF ramp. In order to constrain the proposed scheme, numerical modeling was performed, aiming at the reproduction of the present topography across the faults using different geodynamic models and fault geometries and displacements. 相似文献