长江源区新构造运动及其生态环境效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾小龙  赵洪菊  张森琦  辛元红  张启兴 《高原地震》2008,20(2):34-40

基于长江源区生态环境地质调查的大量实际资料及调查成果,经分析研究发现,长江源区早更新世处于走滑拉分运动的大陆动力学背景,在整体隆升中,形成走滑拉分盆地且分割盆地的断块山、湖泊广布;中更新世反转为挤压隆升,在整体抬升中迎来了新构造期最大冰期,湖泊萎缩;晚更新世－全新世过渡为整体走滑-挤压收缩,经历了动荡的隆升过程,湖泊响应明显。近代,特别是20世纪70年代以来,新构造活化与寒冻风化岩屑坡扩大、沙漠化蔓延、湖泊与沼泽湿地萎缩、区域地下水位下降、生态环境日益恶化等关系密切。因此,新构造驱动在长江源区生态环境恶化中起主导作用,而其他因素则起到促进与加速作用。  相似文献   

有关我国新构造运动起始时间的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐杰  计凤桔  周本刚 《地学前缘》2012,19(5):284-292

几十年来许多研究者从地貌、最新沉积和构造等方面,对中国的新构造运动进行了大量研究,但至今大家对新构造运动的含义却有着非常不同的认识。其关键问题是对新构造运动起始时间的看法差异很大,时间跨度从始新世晚期（40 Ma）到中更新世（0.73 Ma）,因此严重影响了新构造运动研究的深入和发展。现拟从动力条件方面探讨中国新构造运动的起始时间。通过分析中国现今地壳水平运动和现代构造应力场压应力轴的分布特征及其形成的动力条件,得出它们具有连续性和统一性,而二者分布方向较好的一致性表明,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞推挤是形成中国现今地壳运动和现代构造应力场的主要动力。然而在古近纪时中国东部和西部处于两种截然不同的大地构造环境,西部挤压、东部拉张。直到中新世中期青藏高原东部的川滇、巴颜喀拉-松潘等地块被侧向挤出,它们自北而南往北东-南东方向滑移并推挤中国大陆东部的地壳块体向前运动,才开始把中国西部和东部逐渐联成一个构造运动的统一体。这不仅得到中国东部一系列相应构造事件的印证,而且还从导致中国新生代地质构造发育的动力学环境变化方面进行了讨论。中国新构造运动开始于中新世中期,即距今约15～10 Ma.  相似文献   

RE-COGNITION OF THE NEOTECTONICS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE YINGKOU-WEIFANG FAULT ZONE          下载免费PDF全文

GAO Zhan-wu  XU Jie  ZHAO Tie-hu  ZHANG Jin  JI Feng-ju  ZHOU Ben-gang 《地震地质》2017,39(1):43-53

The Yingkou-Weifang fault zone (YWFZ) is the part of the Tanlu fault zone across the Bohai Sea, and is also an important part of the tectonics of the eastern Bohai Bay Basin. Many studies have been carried out on the neo-tectonics and activities of the YWFZ in recent years. In this paper, the neo-tectonics and activities of the YWFZ, and other related issues were studied again, based on our previous work and results of other researchers. The neo-tectonic movement in the Bohai Sea area began in the late Miocene (12~10Ma BP), which originated from the local crust horizontal movement, the tectonic stress field is characterized by NEE-SWW and near E-W horizontal compression. The neo-tectonics of the YWFZ is represented mainly by Neogene-Quaternary deformation, due to rejuvenation of Paleogene faults. Many faults have developed. The neo-tectonics and activities of YWFZ have characteristics of segmentation and weakening, because of the development of the NE-trending Northwest Miao Island-the Yellow River Estuary fault zone, which crosses the YWFZ. Earthquakes in the east of Bohai Sea are distributed along the Northwest Miao Island-the Yellow River Estuary fault zone, only few and small earthquakes along the Liaodong Bay and the Laizhou Bay section of the YWFZ. We made a preliminary analysis of the mechanics for this phenomenon.  相似文献   

Tectonic and liquefaction structures in the Loreto basin,Baja California (Mexico) : synsedimentary deformation along a fossil fault plane     

Andrea Zanchi 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3):187-201

Abstract

Complex fault assemblages associated to liquefaction structures have been analyzed in a Pliocene basin located along the Gulf of California. The studied outcrop shows a fossil fault plane formed ill soft flat lying sediments. The liquefaction and fluidification structures have been recognized in voleaniclastic layers deposited ill a lagoonal environment and are potentially related to seismic wave shaking and to successive dewatering along fractures. This strati-graphic record is explained by the progressive development of a seismic fault zone, related to the transtensional regime still active in the Gulf. The present analysis can he considered as an useful case study for the reconnaissance of the different types of structures formed during synsedimentary deformation in hydroplastic conditions.  相似文献   

Under-representation of faults on geological maps of the London region: reasons,consequences and solutions     

D.T. Aldiss 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2013

London lies mainly within an area of long-term tectonic stability known as the London Platform. This is characterised by relatively thin Cretaceous and Palaeogene sequences overlying Palaeozoic basement at shallow depths, less seismic activity than surrounding areas and, according to published geological maps, little faulting.  相似文献   

The Servita Fault, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia: an Active Thrust Able to Produce an M > 7.0 Earthquake very near to Bogotá D.C.     

GERMáN Chicangan  CARLOS Vargas  ANDREAS Kammer 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):348-350

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Uplift and active tectonics of southern Albania inferred from incision of alluvial terraces   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Carcaillet  J.L. Mugnier  R. Koi  F. Jouanne 《Quaternary Research》2009,71(3):465-476

In Albania, the Osum and Vjoje rivers cross the active graben system and the active frontal thrust system of the Albanides. The effects of climatic and geodynamic forcing on the development of these two rivers were investigated by the means of field mapping, topographic surveying and absolute exposure-age dating. We established the chronology of terraces abandonment from the compilation of new dating (¹⁴C and in situ produced ¹⁰Be) and previously published data. We identified nine fluvial terraces units developed since Marine Isotope Stage 6 up to historic times. From this reconstituted history, we quantified the vertical uplift on a time scale shorter than the glacial climatic cycle. Regional bulging produces an overall increase of the incision rate from the west to the east that reaches a maximum value of 2.8 m/ka in the hinterland. Local pulses of incision are generated by activation of normal faults. The most active faults have a SW–NE trend and a vertical slip rate ranging from 1.8 to 2.2 m/ka. This study outlines the geodynamic control in the development of rivers flowing through the Albanides on the scale of 10³–10⁵ka.  相似文献   

Pie de Palo, Argentina: A cataclastic diapir     

Claudio Vita-Finzi   《Geomorphology》2009,104(3-4):317-322

The term cataclastic diapirism is proposed for the low-temperature extrusion of highly fractured rocks through more competent strata to produce domed topographies at the surface. The process is illustrated by reference to the geomorphology, neotectonics and microseismicity of the Pie de Palo, an elongated ridge in the western Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina composed of shattered and sheared Lower Palaeozoic rocks and subject to coseismic uplift. The Pie de Palo is conventionally interpreted as a fault-driven basement fold linked to low-angle eastward subduction of the Nazca plate beneath South America; the diapiric model implies instead that deformation is powered by regional compression from west-verging, near-surface, crustal shortening which results ultimately from Atlantic spreading.  相似文献   

Triangulation-to-GPS and GPS-to-GPS geodesy in Trinidad, West Indies: Neotectonics, seismic risk, and geologic implications     

J.C. Weber  J. Saleh  S. Balkaransingh  T. DixonW. Ambeh  T. LeongA. Rodriguez  K. Miller 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(1):200-211

We estimated horizontal velocities at 25 sites first surveyed in a 1901-1903 British Ordnance Survey triangulation and then resurveyed with GPS in 1994-1995 to identify Trinidad's principal active on-land faults, quantify fault-slip-rates, and test for elastic locking. Our best-fit single-fault elastic dislocation model put 12 ± 3 mm/yr of dextral strike-slip on the Central Range Fault (1-2 km locking depth), an apparently aseismic active fault. The estimated motions also showed statistically insignificant horizontal motion (2.2 ± 1.8 mm/yr of right-slip; 2.7 ± 2.0 mm/yr of N-S shortening) on the eastward on-strike extension of the El Pilar Fault, known to be the active transform fault in Venezuela. Repeat GPS measurements made between 1994 and 2005 at two sites spanning the island north to south showed a 14 ± 3 mm/yr eastward (plate-motion-parallel) dextral velocity differential, consistent with our best-fit historic (1901-1995) fault-slip-rate. Paleoseismology trenching demonstrates that the Central Range Fault cuts <5000-year-old sediment and is capped by ∼550-year-old sediment, suggesting that it may be locked and may have ruptured at least once during this time interval. About ∼5 mm/yr of slip could be taken up on the Los Bajos Fault and additional faults in the offshore south of Trinidad. The existing 1901-1995 and 1994-2005 geodetic data alone cannot resolve whether the Central Range Fault is essentially creeping (≤1-2 km locking depth) or locked to a more standard depth of 10 km.  相似文献   

新构造学研究新进展     

Chang Peixing  Chen Huixin 《地球科学与环境学报》1997,(1)

本文简单回顾了新构造研究历史，将其大致分为三个阶段：萌芽阶段，定性描述研究阶段和定性一半定量研究阶段．最后，重点讨论了该学科在基础理论和实际应用上的新成就．  相似文献