Trace-element geochemistry of individual glass shards of the Old Crow tephra and the age of the Delta glaciation, central Alaska     

James E Begét  Mary J Keskinen 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):63-69

Two widespread tephra deposits constrain the age of the Delta Glaciation in central Alaska. The Old Crow tephra (ca. 140,000 ± 10,000 yr), identified by electron microprobe and ion microprobe analyses of individual glass shards, overlies an outwash terrace coeval with the Delta glaciation. The Sheep Creek tephra (ca. 190,000 yr) is reworked in alluvium of Delta age. The upper and lower limiting tephra dates indicate that the Delta glaciation occurred during marine oxygen isotope stage 6. We hypothesize that glaciers in the Delta River Valley reached their maximum Pleistocene extent during this cold interval because of significant mid-Pleistocene tectonic uplift of the east-central Alaska Range.  相似文献   

The Jiloca karst polje-tectonic graben (Iberian Range, NE Spain)     

F. J. Gracia  F. Gutirrez  M. Gutirrez 《Geomorphology》2003,52(3-4):215-231

The Jiloca depression, one of the largest morpho-structural units of the Iberian Range and traditionally considered as a neotectonic graben, is interpreted as a karst polje developed within an active halfgraben. This polje, 705 km² in area, constitutes one of the largest documented poljes. Several evidences—(1) a sequence of eight-stepped levels of corrosion surfaces, (2) the reduced thickness of the basin fill, (3) fault-controlled mountain fronts with topographic scarps much higher than the structural throws—demonstrate that great part of the topographic relief of the depression has been generated by corrosional lowering rather than by tectonic subsidence. The height difference between the highest corrosion surface and the polje bottom indicate that the depression has been deepened around 300 m by corrosion processes. The initiation of the karst polje was determined by the creation of the Jiloca halfgraben by normal faults, which deformed a Pliocene regional erosion surface. The development of the polje has been controlled largely by the asymmetric structure and the slight neotectonic activity of the graben. Changes in the position of the polje bottom inferred from the slopes of the different corrosion surfaces (polje paleotopography) may have been controlled by neotectonic movements.  相似文献   

The Portland Hills Fault: uncovering a hidden fault in Portland, Oregon using high-resolution geophysical methods   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lee M. Liberty  Mark A. Hemphill-Haley  Ian P. Madin   《Tectonophysics》2003,368(1-4):89

The Portland metropolitan area historically is the most seismically active region in Oregon. At least three potentially active faults are located in the immediate vicinity of downtown Portland, with the Portland Hills Fault (PHF) extending directly beneath downtown Portland. The faults are poorly understood, and the surface geologic record does not provide the information required to assess the seismic hazards associated with them. The limited geologic information stems from a surface topography that has not maintained a cumulative geologic record of faulting, in part, due to rapid erosion and deposition from late Pleistocene catastrophic flood events and a possible strike-slip component of the faults. We integrated multiple high-resolution geophysical techniques, including seismic reflection, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and magnetic methods, with regional geological and geophysical surveys to determine that the Portland Hills Fault is presently active with a zone of deformation that extends at least 400 m. The style of deformation is consistent with at least two major earthquakes in the last 12–15 ka, as confirmed by a sidehill excavation trench. High-resolution geophysical methods provide detailed images of the upper 100 m across the active fault zone. The geophysical images are critical to characterizing the structural style within the zone of deformation, and when integrated with a paleoseismic trench, can accurately record the seismic history of a region with little surface geologic exposure.  相似文献   

High resolution seismic imaging of faults beneath Limón Bay, northern Panama Canal, Republic of Panama     

Thomas L. Pratt  Mark Holmes  Eugene S. Schweig  Joan Gomberg  Hugh A. Cowan   《Tectonophysics》2003,368(1-4):211

High-resolution seismic reflection profiles from Limón Bay, Republic of Panama, were acquired as part of a seismic hazard investigation of the northern Panama Canal region. The seismic profiles image gently west and northwest dipping strata of upper Miocene Gatún Formation, unconformably overlain by a thin (<20 m) sequence of Holocene muds. Numerous faults, which have northeast trends where they can be correlated between seismic profiles, break the upper Miocene strata. Some of the faults have normal displacement, but on many faults, the amount and type of displacement cannot be determined. The age of displacement is constrained to be Late Miocene or younger, and regional geologic considerations suggest Pliocene movement. The faults may be part of a more extensive set of north- to northeast-trending faults and fractures in the canal region of central Panama. Low topography and the faults in the canal area may be the result of the modern regional stress field, bending of the Isthmus of Panama, shearing in eastern Panama, or minor deformation of the Panama Block above the Caribbean subduction zone. For seismic hazard analysis of the northern canal area, these faults led us to include a source zone of shallow faults proximal to northern canal facilities.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary geomorphic evolution of the lower Narmada valley, Western India: implications for neotectonic activity along the Narmada–Son Fault     

L. S. Chamyal  D. M. Maurya  S. Bhandari  Rachna Raj 《Geomorphology》2002,46(3-4)

Geomorphic data combined with stratigraphic studies provide significant information to constrain timing and amount of fault movement. The lower Narmada valley lies astride the Narmada–Son Fault (NSF), an important ENE–WSW-trending tectonic element responsible for the current intraplate seismicity being experienced in the central part of the Indian plate. Varying nature and degree of tectonic movements along the NSF during Late Pleistocene and Holocene have produced four geomorphic surfaces in the lower Narmada valley: the alluvial plain (S₁), ravine surface (S₂), a gravelly fan surface (S₃) and the valley fill terrace surface (S₄). Two major phases of tectonic movements in a compressive stress regime are recorded along the NSF: slow synsedimentary subsidence of the basin during Late Pleistocene due to differential movement, followed by inversion of the basin during the Holocene marked by differential uplift along the NSF. The study suggests that the inversion of the basin is in response to the significant increase in the intensity of compressive stresses in the Indian plate mainly during the Early Holocene. The present incisive drainage and recent seismic activity indicate that the compressive stresses continue to accumulate along the NSF due to continued northward movement of the Indian plate.  相似文献   

An attempt to define a “neotectonic period” for central and northern Europe     

A. Becker 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(1):67-83

The neotectonic period is the youngest period of tectonic evolution and extends up to the present. The beginning of the neotectonic period during the Cenozoic may be regarded as having begun when characteristic changes in the tectonic evolution of a region of interest have occurred for the last time. Changes in the different tectonic facets, which characterize the evolution of a region, need not be simultaneous, and hence the times of the last change may differ between facets. This leads to the definition of a transitional time interval wherein elements of both the palaeotectonic and neotectonic period are present. The length of this transitional time interval depends on the regional geological evolution. Where a broad transitional time interval exists, the beginning of the neotectonic period may be defined by the earliest time marker by when most of the characteristic changes of the tectonic evolution of the region had occurred.In defining the neotectonic period in central and northern Europe, data on the evolution of the northern Mid-Atlantic ridge and the northern Mediterranean convergence zone, inversion tectonics in northern and central Europe, rifting, regional subsidence and uplift, and the tectonic stress field as well as the evolution of the calcalkaline and alkaline volcanism in central Europe have been taken into account. The chronological evolution of these characteristics for the Cenozoic have been analysed with a view to identifying the advent of the neotectonic period. The transition from the end of the palaeotectonic period to the beginning of the neotectonic period extends from the middle early Miocene to the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The earliest time by when most of the characteristic changes in the tectonic evolution of northern and central Europe had occurred is the early late Miocene. Thus, the neotectonic period can be considered to have begun at approximately 10 Ma before present.  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘新构造及其对汶川地震的控制作用   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18  

张岳桥  杨农  施炜  董树文 《地质学报》2008,82(12):1668-1678

基于卫星遥感图像解译、地形起伏度分析和地面调查资料,论述了青藏高原东缘构造地貌格局、新构造演化阶段和活动断裂特征,提出青藏高原东缘不同地块在晚新生代时期有序的向东挤出过程,并划分为4个阶段：中新世早期川滇地块向北东挤出、中新世晚期川滇地块的再次强烈向东挤出、上新世至早中更新世时期川青地块的向东挤出、晚更新世以来最新构造变动阶段,青藏高原东缘地貌边界带也经历了由西向东、由南向北的有规律的迁移过程。基于活动构造的最新研究成果和现今GPS测量成果,阐述了东昆仑岷山龙门山走滑逆冲断裂系统的运动学特征。根据地震破裂构造的实地调查,分析了汶川地震的地表破裂行为,提出了汶川地震的发震构造模型。研究认为,青藏高原东部地区NW向楔状条块向东运动速度的一半被鲜水河断裂及其北西延伸的构造带所吸收,而龙门山构造带向东运动受阻于四川盆地之下扬子刚性地块,使得龙门山断裂带处在低应变、高应力环境下,因长期应力应变累积而导致向西陡倾的断裂带突然向东逆冲运动而释放能量。汶川强震发生的深部机理值得深入研究。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘若尔盖盆地晚新近纪沉积的岩石地层学   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

盛海洋 《地质科学》2008,43(3):445-470

通过野外地质填图和系统取样,以岩石地层特征为基础,以新构造运动为背景,按照多重地层划分观点,本文首次对若尔盖盆地晚新近纪岩石地层的对比和划分做了深入的研究。对黄河干流、白河支流和黑河支流水系的河道堆积岩石的典型剖面的研究,表明更新-全新世的不同发展阶段具有不同的特征;相同时期不同水系的沉积物也不尽相同,反映出盆地晚新近纪地层的发育过程及空间上的差异。对冰川堆积终碛垄测年等研究反映出末次盛冰期和全新世中几次较强的寒冷事件,并划分出4套冰碛层。综合前人的古脊椎动物化石和¹⁴C、TL、OSL和ESR等同位素测年资料,将为进一步提出研究区晚新近纪年代地层的划分奠定基础。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary tectonics in the inner Northern Apennines (Siena Basin,southern Tuscany,Italy) and their seismotectonic implication     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

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Neotectonics of the Dinarides–Pannonian Basin transition and possible earthquake sources in the Banja Luka epicentral area     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

This study provides evidence for post-5 Ma shortening in the transition area between the Dinarides fold-and-thrust belt and the Pannonian Basin and reviews possible earthquake sources for the Banja Luka epicentral area (northern Bosnia and Herzegovina) where the strongest instrumentally recorded earthquake (M_L 6.4) occurred on 27 October 1969. Geological, geomorphological and reflection seismic data provide evidence for a contractional reactivation of Late Palaeogene to Middle Miocene normal faults at slip rates below 0.1 mm/a. This reactivation postdates deposition of the youngest sediments in the Pannonian Basin of Pontian age (c. 5 Ma). Fault plane solutions for the main 1969 Banja Luka earthquake (M_L 6.4) and its largest foreshock (M_L 6.0) indicate reverse faulting along ESE–WNW-striking nodal planes and generally N–S trending pressure axes. The spatial distribution of epicentres and focal depths, analyses of the macroseismic field and fault-plane solutions for several smaller events suggest on-going shortening in the internal Dinarides. Seismic deformation of the upper crust is also associated with strike-slip faults, likely related to the NE–SW trending, sinistral Banja Luka fault. Possibly, this fault transfers contraction between adjacent segments of the Dinarides thrust system. The study area represents the seismically most active region of the Dinarides apart from the Adriatic Sea coast and the bend zone around Zagreb. We propose that on-going thrusting in the internal Dinarides thrust system takes up a portion of the current Adria–Europe convergence.  相似文献