Transformation,partitioning and flow–deposit interactions during the run‐out of megaflows          下载免费PDF全文

Claus Fallgatter  Ben Kneller  Paulo S. G. Paim  Juan P. Milana 《Sedimentology》2017,64(2):359-387

Four megabeds (I to IV) were recognized throughout the Cerro Bola inlier, a glacially influenced depositional area of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin, south‐western La Rioja Province, Argentina. Such anomalous thick beds are associated with the collapse of an unstable basin margin after periods of large meltwater discharge and sediment accumulation. Failure of these previously deposited sediments triggered mass flows and associated turbidity currents into the basin. Megabed I is up to 188 m thick and was deposited during a transgressive stage by re‐sedimentation of ice‐rafted debris. Also part of the transgressive stage, Megabeds II, III and IV are up to 9 m thick and are associated with a dropstone‐free period of flooding. Megabeds were subdivided into three divisions (1 to 3) that represent a spectrum of flow properties and rheologies, indicative of a wide range of grain support mechanisms. These divisions are proposed as an idealized deposit that may or may not be completely present; the Cerro Bola megabeds thus display bipartite or tripartite organization, each division inferred to reflect a rheologically distinct phase of flow. Division 1 is a basal layer that consists of clast‐supported and matrix‐supported, pebble conglomerate, rarely followed by weak normally graded to ungraded, very coarse‐ to coarse‐grained sandstone. This lower interval is interpreted to be the deposit of a concentrated density flow and is absent in bipartite megabeds. Division 2 is represented by a mud‐rich sandstone matrix with dispersed granule to pebble‐size crystalline and mudstone clasts. It also includes fragments of sandstone up to boulder size, as well as rafts of cohesive muddy material and wood fragments. Division 2 is interpreted to be a result of debris‐flow deposition. A debrite‐related topography, resulting from the freezing of high yield strength material, captures and partially confines the succeeding upper division 3, which fills the topographic lows and pinches out against topographic highs. Division 3 is rich in mudstone chips and consists of very coarse‐grained, dirty sandstones grading upward to siltstones and mudstones. It is interpreted to be a deposit of a co‐genetic turbidity current. Spectral gamma ray and petrographic analyses indicate that both debrite and co‐genetic turbidite have high depositional mud content and are of similar composition. One of the megabeds is correlated with an initial slump‐derived debris flow, which suggests that the mass flow becomes partitioned both at the top, generating a co‐genetic turbidity current and, at the base, segregating into a concentrated density flow that seems to behave as a gravelly traction carpet.  相似文献   

Composition, spatial distribution, and environmental significance of water ions in Pumayum Co catchment, southern Tibet     

ZHU Liping  JU Jianting  WANG Yong  XIE Manping  WANG Junbo  PENG Ping  ZHEN Xiaolin  LIN Xiao 《地理学报》2010,20(1):109-120

The chemistry of major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (HCO3 ?, SO4 2?, and Cl?) in the water of Lake Pumayum Co and its inflow river was studied, revealing the obvious ionic difference among various inflow rivers and the lake. The chemical type of the lake water was Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3 ?-SO4 2+, but the major ions of the main inflow rivers were Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 ?. In the lake inlet of Jiaqu River, the main inflow river, there was significant variance of water chemistry within the depth less than 2 m. However, it was almost homogeneous at other area of the lake. Therefore, with the evidence of distribution of water chemistry and oxygen isotope of lake water, a conclusion can be outlined that Jiaqu River had a distinct effect on the hydrochemistry of the water on the submerged delta, whereas this is not the case for other rivers. The Gibbs plot revealed that the dominant mechanism responsible for controlling chemical compositions of the lake water was rocks weathering in the drainage area. Ion ratios and ternary plots further explored the main processes controlling the water chemistry of the catchment, i.e., carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering, and silicate weathering. The different hydrochemistry characteristics between river water and lake water may result from the CaCO3 precipitation. The findings will benefit the explanation of the environmental significance of carbonate in paleolimnological studies in the lake.  相似文献   

Evolution of an Ancient Large Lake in the Southeast of the Northern Tibetan Plateau   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ZHU Dagang  MENG Xiangang  ZHAO Xitao  SHAO Zhaogang  XU Zufeng  YANG Chaobin  MA Zhibang  WU Zhonghai  WU Zhenhan  WANG Jianping Institute of Geomechanics  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing Jiangxi Institute of Geological Survey  Nanchang  Jiangxi Tibet Bureau of Land  Resources  Lhas  Tibet 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(4):982-992

Nam Co is the largest (1920 km2 in area) and highest (4718 m above sea level) lake in Tibet. According to the discovery of lake terraces and highstand lacustrine deposits at several places in Nam Co and its adjacent areas, the authors confirm the existence of an ancient large lake in the southeastern part of the northern Tibetan Plateau. On the basis of the U-series, 14C and ESR dating, coupled with the levelling survey of lake deposits and geomorphology, the evolutionary process of the ancient large lake in the southeastern part of the northern Tibetan Plateau may fall into three stages: (1) the ancient large lake stage at 115-40 ka BP, when the ancient lake level was 140-26 m above the level of present Nam Co; (2) the outflow lake stage at 40-30 ka BP, when the ancient level was 26-19 m above the present lake level; and (3) the Nam Co stage since 30 ka BP, when the ancient lake level was < 19 m above the present lake level. During the ancient large lake stage, a large number of modern large, medium-siz  相似文献   

用协同—指示克立格预测储层物性参数：以胜利油田罗家砂四上砾岩为例     

向晓丽  张玺 《矿物岩石》1999,19(3):65-68

指示克立格是一种非参数统计方法,它能在不舍弃特异值的条件下进行有效的空间估计,协同克立格以协同区域化变量的研究对象,充分考虑了变量空间相关性和变量间的统计相关性,有着单变量克立格法可可比拟的优点,因而,本文提出协同－指示克立格法这一方法,在指示克立格中考虑多变量的空间相关性和变量间的统计相关性,使指示克拉立格与协同克立格相互补充,模拟现实,提高预测精度,并以胜利油田罗家砂四上砾岩为例进行参数预测,  相似文献   

近20 a色林错湖冰物候变化特征及其影响因素     

邰雪楠  王宁练  吴玉伟  张玉杰 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):334-348

湖冰作为湖泊-大气界面能量和物质交换的结果,其物候变化对揭示区域气候变化和湖泊响应过程具有重要意义.本研究基于2000-2020年色林错边界矢量数据、Terra MODIS和Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像并结合气象数据及湖泊资料,利用RS和GIS手段综合分析了色林错湖冰物候变化特征及其影响因素.结果 表...  相似文献   

青藏高原中部错鄂湖晚新生代以来的沉积环境演变及其构造隆升意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈诗越  王苏民  沈吉 《湖泊科学》2003,15(1):21-27

错鄂湖200m深井岩芯古地磁测年表明,错鄂湖形成于约2．8Ma年前．沉积岩性组合、粒度特征和磁化率变化揭示了约3次大的沉积环境变化过程,反映了至少2次剧烈的青藏高原隆升过程;同时,孢粉组合也揭示了构造隆升导致的植被组合的变化．初步研究认为,大的湖泊沉积环境变化主要是在青藏高原不断隆升的背景上进行的．2．8-2．5Ma和0．8Ma以来的沉积环境演化主要受构造运动的控制,而2．5-0．8Ma环境演化过程更多的受到冰期-间冰期旋回气候变化的影响．  相似文献   

西藏拉果错卤虫──2.营养成分     

刘俊英  罗健  郑绵平 《湖泊科学》1999,11(3):283-288

卤虫包括成体、无节幼体和卤虫卵,蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养成分的含量是评价卤虫质量的主要标准,因为摄食动物饵料效果取决于氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成与含量.西藏拉果错卤虫的营养成分含量较高,1996、1997年盐湖研究中心连续取样测定,其蛋白质含量成体接近20%,无节幼体约 55%,脱壳卵近 50%;粗脂肪成体 3%,无节幼体和脱壳卵均为 15%左右;氨基酸总量成体 18%,无节幼体近 50%,脱壳卵 44%左右在对 1997年样品进行脂肪酸测定后发现,成体不饱和脂肪酸达83%,无节幼体91%以上,脱壳卵超过87%;三种高级不饱和脂肪酸(20∶2,20∶4,20∶5)HUFA含量:成体近8%,幼体和脱壳卵均超过20%;三种必需脂肪酸(18∶2,18∶3,20∶5)EFA含量:成体为16%,幼体21%,脱壳卵26%;无节幼体和脱壳卵的二十碳五烯酸(20∶5)EPA含量均在 18%以上,较我国新疆、青海、内蒙古、 山西、河北地区的盐湖卤虫和天津、海南盐田卤虫的(20:5)EPA含量高,脱壳卵的不饱和脂肪酸总量比已知的国内外其它盐湖卤虫的相应指数高  相似文献   

杉松岗钴(铜镍)矿床地质特征及找矿远景     

刘文香  王坤 《吉林地质》2006,25(3):24-28

杉松岗钴(铜镍)矿床产于古元古代裂谷海槽褶皱地带,是国内新近发现的新类型矿床.它赋存于老岭群富硼、碳粘土岩夹硅质岩建造之中.通过对矿床的地质、地球化学特征研究,初步认为该矿床受后期变质热波的强烈叠加作用,形成沉积变质热液叠加改造型矿床.同时阐述了该矿床地质特征及找矿远景.  相似文献   

富钴结壳地球化学与古海洋学研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

蔡毅华  黄奕普 《台湾海峡》2002,21(2):258-264

本文综述了近年来国内外富钴结壳地球化学与古海洋学研究的新进展，概述了富钴结壳地球化学的研究成果，阐述了富钴结壳中元素的扩散及与周围海水的交换，基岩和磷酸盐化事件对富钴结壳组成的影响，分别介绍了稳定同位素（Pb,Nd和Hf的稳定同位素），放射性同位素（Be,U和Th的放射性同位素）及元素（常量和微量元素，稀土元素）在富钴结壳古海洋学研究上的应用。  相似文献   

南海北部边缘盆地天然气成因类型及气源构成特点   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

何家雄姚永坚  刘海龄万志峰 《中国地质》2008,35(5):1007-1016

南海北部边缘盆地油气地质现象丰富多彩,天然气成因类型及分布规律复杂。根据该区天然气勘探及研究程度,迄今为止勘探所发现烃类天然气可划分为生物气及生物-低熟过渡带气（亚生物气）、成熟-高熟油型气及煤型气以及高熟-过熟天然气等3大成因类型;非烃天然气CO2可划分为壳源型（有机/无机）、壳幔混合型及幔源型等3型4类。生物气及亚生物气在莺—琼盆地及珠江口盆地浅层广泛分布,气源来自上新统及第四系海相沉积;成熟油型气主要分布于北部湾、琼东南东北部及珠江口盆地,气源来自始新统中深湖相偏腐泥型烃源岩;成熟-高熟煤型气及高熟-过熟天然气,则主要展布于莺—琼盆地及珠江口盆地部分地区,前者气源主要由渐新统煤系和中新统海相偏腐殖型烃源岩所供给,后者气源则来自不同类型高熟-过熟烃源岩。CO2则主要富集于莺歌海盆地泥底辟带浅层及琼东南盆地东部和珠江口盆地部分区域,气源分别来自受泥底辟热流体活动影响强烈的中新统海相含钙砂泥岩和深部地幔活动。  相似文献