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M. R. Bate S. H. Lubow G. I. Ogilvie K. A. Miller 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(1):213-229
We analyse the non-linear, three-dimensional response of a gaseous, viscous protoplanetary disc to the presence of a planet of mass ranging from 1 Earth mass (1 M⊕ ) to 1 Jupiter mass (1 MJ ) by using the zeus hydrodynamics code. We determine the gas flow pattern, and the accretion and migration rates of the planet. The planet is assumed to be in a fixed circular orbit about the central star. It is also assumed to be able to accrete gas without expansion on the scale of its Roche radius. Only planets with masses M p ≳ 0.1 MJ produce significant perturbations in the surface density of the disc. The flow within the Roche lobe of the planet is fully three-dimensional. Gas streams generally enter the Roche lobe close to the disc mid-plane, but produce much weaker shocks than the streams in two-dimensional models. The streams supply material to a circumplanetary disc that rotates in the same sense as the orbit of the planet. Much of the mass supply to the circumplanetary disc comes from non-coplanar flow. The accretion rate peaks with a planet mass of approximately 0.1 MJ and is highly efficient, occurring at the local viscous rate. The migration time-scales for planets of mass less than 0.1 MJ , based on torques from disc material outside the Roche lobes of the planets, are in excellent agreement with the linear theory of type I (non-gap) migration for three-dimensional discs. The transition from type I to type II (gap) migration is smooth, with changes in migration times of about a factor of 2. Starting with a core which can undergo runaway growth, a planet can gain up to a few MJ with little migration. Planets with final masses of the order of 10 MJ would undergo large migration, which makes formation and survival difficult. 相似文献
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S. Viti 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,285(3-4):791-800
In this article, some aspects of the clumpy nature of molecular clouds are reviewed. In particular the observational evidence
for small-scale structures both in low and high mass star forming regions will be discussed. I will review some examples of
`clumpiness' such as: i) the molecular clumps ahead of HH objects and how the study of the physical and chemical nature of
these clumps is important for the understanding of the clumpiness of the Interstellar Medium; and ii)hot cores and their use
as a tool to study the early phases of massive star formation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
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