磁正午附近极光强度与沉降粒子能量关系的参数模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

邢赞扬  杨惠根  吴振森  胡泽骏  刘俊明  张清和  胡红桥 《地球物理学报》2013,56(7):2163-2170

极光是日地能量耦合过程中粒子沉降到极区电离层的最直观表现,对于理解地球空间环境及预测空间天气具有重要作用.本文利用2003-2009年的北极黄河站的多波段地面极光观测,结合DMSP卫星粒子沉降探测,对磁正午附近的极光强度与沉降粒子沉降能量之间的关系进行了定量研究.统计结果表明,在10-13磁地方时(MLT)630.0 nm的极光发光占主导,以低能粒子沉降为主;而在13-14MLT,630.0 nm/427.8 nm极光强度比值降低,沉降粒子能量较高.另外,利用极光强度与沉降电子的能通量以及极光强度比值与平均能量之间的函数关系,初步建立了北极黄河站磁正午附近极光强度与沉降粒子能量关系的反演参数模型,为将来空间天气的监测服务.  相似文献   

Particle Filter-based assimilation algorithms for improved estimation of root-zone soil moisture under dynamic vegetation conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Karthik Nagarajan  Jasmeet JudgeWendy D. Graham  Alejandro Monsivais-Huertero 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(4):433-447

In this study, we implement Particle Filter (PF)-based assimilation algorithms to improve root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) estimates from a coupled SVAT-vegetation model during a growing season of sweet corn in North Central Florida. The results from four different PF algorithms were compared with those from the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) when near-surface soil moisture was assimilated every 3 days using both synthetic and field observations. In the synthetic case, the PF algorithm with the best performance used residual resampling of the states and obtained resampled parameters from a uniform distribution and provided reductions of 76% in root mean square error (RMSE) over the openloop estimates. The EnKF provided the RZSM and parameter estimates that were closer to the truth than the PF with an 84% reduction in RMSE. When field observations were assimilated, the PF algorithm that maintained maximum parameter diversity offered the largest reduction of 16% in root mean square difference (RMSD) over the openloop estimates. Minimal differences were observed in the overall performance of the EnKF and PF using field observations since errors in model physics affected both the filters in a similar manner, with maximum reductions in RMSD compared to the openloop during the mid and reproductive stages.  相似文献   

Propagation of water waves over permeable rippled beds     

Ching-Jer Huang  Chih-Hsin Chen 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(4):579-591

Unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and Navier-Stokes type model equations for porous flow were solved numerically to simulate the propagation of water waves over a permeable rippled bed. A boundary-fitted coordinate system was adopted to make the computational meshes consistent with the rippled bed. The accuracy of the numerical scheme was confirmed by comparing the numerical results concerning the spatial distribution of wave amplitudes over impermeable and permeable rippled beds with the analytical solutions. For periodic incident waves, the flow field over the wavy wall is discussed in terms of the steady Eulerian streaming velocity. The trajectories of the fluid particles that are initially located close to the ripples were also determined. One of the main results herein is that under the action of periodic water waves, fluid particles on an impermeable rippled bed initially moved back and forth around the ripple crest, with increasing vertical distance from the rippled wall. After one or two wave periods, they are then lifted towards the next ripple crest. All of the marked particles on a permeable rippled bed were shifted onshore with a much larger displacement than those on an impermeable bed. Finally, the flow fields and the particle motions close to impermeable and permeable beds induced by a solitary wave are elucidated.  相似文献   

戈壁地区公路防沙措施防沙效应的风洞试验   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

尤全刚  薛娴  王涛  赵发章  张伟民  刘光琇  俎瑞平  韩邦帅  连富铖 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):550-557

 以穿越河西走廊西部戈壁荒漠的嘉峪关至安西一级公路为研究对象,基于风洞模拟试验,针对不同类型公路路基横断面和防护措施设计模型,采用粒子图像测速系统,研究模型的流场变化,进而探讨戈壁公路风沙危害形成机理及防沙措施。研究结果表明:①由于研究区内风沙活动以不饱和风沙流为主,携沙风对公路路基掏蚀、磨蚀严重,需要对路基边坡进行有效砌护;②为了在公路表面形成输沙通道,中央隔离带地表与行车路面应保持同一高度,隔离带采用空隙度大于30%的疏透型;③在公路两侧沙源丰富地段,公路边坡的坡角应小于40°,并且取消防洪沟,以防止沟内积沙;④在沙源丰富地区,公路两侧由外到内依次铺设草方格、覆盖砾石、设置积沙沟的防沙带,可以减少气流中的含沙量,阻止流沙上路,有效解决公路风沙危害问题。  相似文献   

不同气象条件下烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

张小玲  徐敬  李腊平 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(4):6-12

利用2006年春节期间北京城近郊区主要污染物（SO2、NO2、PM10和PM2．5）浓度和气象资料,分析了烟花爆竹禁放改限放后对空气质量的影响。结果表明：除夕和元宵节大量燃放烟花爆竹导致颗粒物浓度在短时内快速上升,但对S02和N02浓度的影响不明显。春节期间21：00-02：00为颗粒物浓度受燃放烟花爆竹影响最大的时段,其间PM25浓度最高可达该时段内月平均值的6倍,受燃放高峰的影响城近郊区6h平均PM10浓度超过400μg／m^3。城市人类活动集中区和远郊区细粒子浓度对比显示,元宵节城区PM25小时浓度高达718μg／m^3,比远郊区高500μg／m^3以上。气象条件仍是影响春节期间整体空气质量的主要因素,特别是持续高浓度污染主要与小风、逆温、高湿等不利污染物扩散的稳定天气有关。除夕在集中燃放烟花爆竹后,由于存在有利扩散的气象条件,颗粒物浓度很快降低,没有造成持续性的污染,而元宵节前后持续性的空气污染是稳定天气和长时间燃放爆竹以及局地生产生活排放的污染物共同造成的结果。  相似文献   

On the importance of auroral processes in the Universe     

Bengt Hultqvist   《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(18):2235-2245

Acceleration of charged particles in magnetic field-aligned electric potential differences at Earth and at the outer planets in the solar system is summarized and its general importance in the Universe is briefly discussed.The role of field-aligned currents, driven by parallel electric fields, in causing filamentary structure in stellar atmospheres is briefly reviewed.The differences between auroral optical emissions at various planets are summarized.The important role of field-aligned potential differences in the generation of AKR and corresponding emissions from other objects is discussed.Finally, aurora-associated processes for ejection of planetary plasma into space are briefly reviewed.  相似文献   

考虑破碎的堆石料颗粒流数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

刘君  刘福海  孔宪京 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):107-112

以双江口300 m级高土石坝为工程背景,根据有关资料的试验数据,利用二维颗粒流计算机仿真技术对堆石料在一定围压下的颗粒破碎情况进行了数值模拟,数值试样由2 574个簇颗粒单元组成。数值模拟与室内平面应变试验结果对比表明,用选定的细观参数进行数值模拟与平面应变试验结果基本一致,说明用颗粒流方法进行数值模拟能够较好的再现堆石料的颗粒破碎特性。与室内试验相比,数值仿真模拟还能得到颗粒破碎的细观演化规律和破碎带的分布范围,从而为进一步建立考虑颗粒破碎的堆石坝本构模型,研究大坝填筑、水库蓄水过程以及地震情况下的颗粒破碎过程以及颗粒破碎所引起的坝体变形提供了一条途径。  相似文献   

横向沙丘气流平均速度变化规律的风洞模拟   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2  

钱广强  董治宝  罗万银  王洪涛 《中国沙漠》2009,29(1):10-17

在沙丘动力系统中,存在沙丘形态、气流、沙粒运移三者之间复杂的相互作用。通过风洞实验的方法,针对不同形态的6组横向沙丘模型,采用粒子图像测速系统,测量了模型沙丘周围气流水平速度和垂直速度的变化规律。实验结果表明,横向沙丘迎风坡水平气流存在1.28～1.89之间的加速率,垂直气流存在上扬趋势,这二者均有随沙丘迎风坡坡度增大而增大的趋势。在横向沙丘背风坡,由于气流的分离,水平气流速度减小并出现反向,其大小约为自由风速的17％;垂直气流速度存在下沉趋势,其最大沉速出现在气流重附点附近;背风坡气流速度的变化受沙丘迎风坡坡度影响较小,受自由风速的影响较大。沙丘对气流速度的改变在近地层较为显著,随着高度的增加地形影响逐渐减小。  相似文献   

Development of FBMINC model for particle diffusion in fluids     

Paul S ADDISION 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):439-454

An accurate particle tracking method using FBMINC （new fractional Brownian motion） is outlined. It generates non-Fickian diffusion rather than Fickian diffusion as traditional particle tracking model does. The FBMINC model is based on fractional Brownian motion （fl3m） which is generalization of regular Brownian motion. The two models of fBms （FBM model and FBMINC model） were explored and the differences of the two models are compared from the three aspects： the standard deviation of each step, the small memory and the effect of the number of particles in the cloud. The results show the FBMINC model is a better model as it produces more accurate statistics. The effect of simple shear dispersion for both Brownian and fBm was investigated. The power law scaling of fBm shear dispersion was correctly identified. In addition, a scaling coettieient was found numerically. The FBMINC model is then used for producing both superdiffusive and subdiffusive particle paths, therefore, the non-Fickian diffusion of soil particle clouds can be modelled. The particle clouds represent soil contaminant are released in an idealised coastal bay and the fBm particle tracking method is used for simulation the particle cloud spreading in the bay. There is a noticeable increase in the spreading rate of the cloud. In addition, owning to the spreading rate of the cloud, a noticeable part of it has escaped the bay area and transported downstream. The variation of the Hurst exponent can lead to an area of the flow being affected by a contaminant cloud which is not picked up by the regular Brownian motion models. The purpose of this paper is to bring soil transport engineers a new angle on soil particle transport research in fluids. Using FBM1NC particle tracking model allows more flexibility in simulation of diffusion in soil contaminant spread in coastal bay or ocean surface.  相似文献   

Removal of Elongated Particle Aggregates on Fibrous Filters     

Lucija Boskovic  Igor S. Altman  Roger D. Braddock  Igor E. Agranovski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(11):843-849

Elongated aerosol particle removal on fibrous filters has been investigated. It was shown that particle agglomerates are removed much more efficiently compared to the regularly shaped single particles with identical electrical mobility diameter at two filtration velocities tested. The experimental results were compared with the classical filtration theory and it was shown that the theoretical predictions, which are based on the assumption that the particles are spherical, are significantly different compared to an agglomerate filtration efficiency value. In order to account for a particle shape non-regularity, dominating nanoparticle removal mechanisms were firstly evaluated for a regular particle of certain size and then adjusted by fitting coefficients k₁ (for diffusion component) and k₂ (for interception). These coefficients were determined by fitting the theoretical values that gives the best coincidence with the measured data points. As was further demonstrated theoretically, the coefficient k₁ is identical to the ratio of the actual particle surface area to the surface area of the spherical particle of the equivalent diameter. On the other hand, the coefficient k₂ was found to be equal to the ratio of the projection of a given particle on a plane perpendicular to a streamline, to that of the spherical particle of the equivalent diameter. The reported findings would allow undertaking more accurate evaluation of the removal efficiency of non-regular aerosol particle, which is especially important for industrial applications where non-regular aerosols are frequently met.  相似文献