额尔古纳地块基底地质构造   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

孙广瑞  李仰春  张昱 《地质与资源》2002,11(3):129-139

额尔古纳地块是额尔古纳-马门-加格达奇拼合地块中的典型代表.研究表明,其基底由前中元古代绿岩及与之伴生的花岗质杂岩组成,它们具有地壳早期演化的地质构造特征.绿岩带为典型的变质基性-酸性火山岩及部分变质沉积岩系构成的火山-沉积建造,火山岩以拉斑玄武岩为主,向上过渡为钙碱性火山岩系列,表现为双峰态型特点.花岗岩类为TTG岩系及石英二长岩-花岗岩组合.花岗岩-绿岩地体内各岩石类型的岩石地球化学特征与国外太古宙及我国华北陆台花岗岩-绿岩带内同类岩石极为相似.双峰态型火山岩及绿岩建造组合,以及类似于TH2、FII型的变质基性火山岩和长英质火山岩特征,结合高铝型英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩组合,指示了研究区绿岩带的形成环境类似于大陆边缘弧后裂谷型火山-沉积盆地.  相似文献   

海南岛古元宙变质基底性质和地壳增生的Nd、Pb同位素制约   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

许德如  范蔚茗  梁新权  唐红峰 《高校地质学报》2001,7(2):146-157

基于海南地壳各类型岩石的63个样品Nd和Pb同位素分析数据,研究了海南地块元古宙地壳变质基底的时代、特征和演化。研究结果表明,海南岛元古宙变质基底成熟度低,基底变质岩系的母岩物质来源于长期亏损的地幔源区,主要形成时代为古元古宙晚期－新元古宙;不同时代花岗岩具有较高的εNd(t)值和较低的Nd模式年龄,主要形成于幔源物质参与下的或含地幔成分较多的初生地壳再循环。地壳增生具幕式增生的特点,并在2．0Ga、1.7Ga、1.2Ga出现高峰;Pb同位素组成既不同于扬子地块又不同于华夏地块,介于两地块之间,和Nd同位素特征具有一致或耦合关系。结合海南岛地质特征,初步认为不能单纯地将海南岛基底理解为华南地块统一南延部分或是华夏古陆的部分,可能为不同的构造块体。  相似文献   

辽南、苏皖北部、鲁西鲁东晚前寒武纪地层的划分与对比     

张丕孚 《地质与资源》2001,10(1):11-17

辽南、苏皖北部地区的晚前寒武纪地层层序,以及鲁东蓬莱群与鲁西土门群的上下层位,存在着"叠接"与"叠置"的错误.本文通过对辽南及苏皖北部地区的晚前寒武纪地层层序和鲁东蓬莱群与鲁西土门群层位问题进行深入剖析,在厘清地层层序的基础上提出新的划分与对比方案.新方案中这些地层在我国晚前寒武纪地层柱中的位置,反应出了震旦系与青白口系的地史演化及生物演化间的重要关系.  相似文献   

琼西北地区的基底速度图象   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

冯锐  薛广盈 《地球物理学报》1991,34(4):442-454,T001

利用人工地震测深纵剖面和非纵剖面的资料,对琼西北地区P_g波的走时进行了层析反演,对比了代数重建法和同时迭代重建法的效果.综合了纵剖面的模型后,在三维弯曲界面上重建了基底速度图象,探讨了用射线椭圆评价分辨的途径. 层析成象结果给出了许多有价值的信息,揭示琼西北的结晶基底存在三条北东向断裂和两条北西向断裂,后者是继承性的活动断裂,控制着新生代次级断块的发展与火山活动.地表所推断的东西向王五-文教深大断裂,在该处只呈断续隐伏状显示.该区的基底存在儋县、临高和光村三个高速区,主要反映着基性岩体或花岗侵入体.基底整体性最好的是在儋县-王五地区,破碎程度最严重的是在王五-中和-光村以西的地区.  相似文献   

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON AQUATIC SYSTEMS: LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES AND PRECAMBRIAN SHIELD REGION     

J. J. MAGNUSON  K. E. WEBSTER  R. A. ASSEL  C. J. BOWSER  P. J. DILLON  J. G. EATON  H. E. EVANS  E. J. FEE  R. I. HALL  L. R. MORTSCH  D. W. SCHINDLER  F. H. QUINN 《水文研究》1997,11(8):825-871

The region studied includes the Laurentian Great Lakes and a diversity of smaller glacial lakes, streams and wetlands south of permanent permafrost and towards the southern extent of Wisconsin glaciation. We emphasize lakes and quantitative implications. The region is warmer and wetter than it has been over most of the last 12000 years. Since 1911 observed air temperatures have increased by about 0·11°C per decade in spring and 0·06°C in winter; annual precipitation has increased by about 2·1% per decade. Ice thaw phenologies since the 1850s indicate a late winter warming of about 2·5°C. In future scenarios for a doubled CO₂ climate, air temperature increases in summer and winter and precipitation decreases (summer) in western Ontario but increases (winter) in western Ontario, northern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Such changes in climate have altered and would further alter hydrological and other physical features of lakes. Warmer climates, i.e. 2 × CO₂ climates, would lower net basin water supplies, stream flows and water levels owing to increased evaporation in excess of precipitation. Water levels have been responsive to drought and future scenarios for the Great Lakes simulate levels 0·2 to 2·5 m lower. Human adaptation to such changes is expensive. Warmer climates would decrease the spatial extent of ice cover on the Great Lakes; small lakes, especially to the south, would no longer freeze over every year. Temperature simulations for stratified lakes are 1–7°C warmer for surface waters, and 6°C cooler to 8°C warmer for deep waters. Thermocline depth would change (4 m shallower to 3·5 m deeper) with warmer climates alone; deepening owing to increases in light penetration would occur with reduced input of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from dryer catchments. Dissolved oxygen would decrease below the thermocline. These physical changes would in turn affect the phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos and fishes. Annual phytoplankton production may increase but many complex reactions of the phytoplankton community to altered temperatures, thermocline depths, light penetrations and nutrient inputs would be expected. Zooplankton biomass would increase, but, again, many complex interactions are expected. Generally, the thermal habitat for warm-, cool- and even cold-water fishes would increase in size in deep stratified lakes, but would decrease in shallow unstratified lakes and in streams. Less dissolved oxygen below the thermocline of lakes would further degrade stratified lakes for cold water fishes. Growth and production would increase for fishes that are now in thermal environments cooler than their optimum but decrease for those that are at or above their optimum, provided they cannot move to a deeper or headwater thermal refuge. The zoogeographical boundary for fish species could move north by 500–600 km; invasions of warmer water fishes and extirpations of colder water fishes should increase. Aquatic ecosystems across the region do not necessarily exhibit coherent responses to climate changes and variability, even if they are in close proximity. Lakes, wetlands and streams respond differently, as do lakes of different depth or productivity. Differences in hydrology and the position in the hydrological flow system, in terrestrial vegetation and land use, in base climates and in the aquatic biota can all cause different responses. Climate change effects interact strongly with effects of other human-caused stresses such as eutrophication, acid precipitation, toxic chemicals and the spread of exotic organisms. Aquatic ecological systems in the region are sensitive to climate change and variation. Assessments of these potential effects are in an early stage and contain many uncertainties in the models and properties of aquatic ecological systems and of the climate system. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

广西猫儿山花岗岩及其相邻基底地层岩石地球化学特征与成矿潜力          下载免费PDF全文

李若坚  陈远荣  谷瑞祺  黎家财  蒋鑫  农悦瑾  王展宇  严翔 《中国地质》2020,47(2):528-537

通过对猫儿山花岗岩及其相邻基底地层进行地球化学与成矿潜力研究,发现猫儿山花岗岩具有高硅（SiO₂=67.61%~83.16%）、富钾（K₂O=3.75%~6.28%）、富铁（FeO^T=1.85%~5.38%）、贫钠（Na₂O=0.08%~3.06%）、贫镁（MgO=0.14%~1.28%）、过铝质（A/CNK的平均值为1.49）的特征,稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土富集,Eu显示负异常（δEu=0.15~0.46）,为主要形成于后造山构造环境的强过铝质S型花岗岩。同时,猫儿山花岗岩及其相邻基底地层的元素组合、烃类组分具有继承性关系,花岗岩主要来源于基底地层的部分熔融,W、Sn、Bi具备良好的成矿潜力。换言之,基底地层不仅为大规模的岩浆活动提供了物质基础,同时也为花岗岩浆进一步分异形成钨锡多金属矿化（矿床）提供了成矿物质来源。  相似文献   

扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底对中生代大面积低温成矿的制约     

胡瑞忠  陈伟  毕献武  付山岭  尹润生  肖加飞 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):137-150

大面积低温成矿主要见于扬子克拉通和美国中西部,且扬子克拉通比美国中西部具有更多的矿床类型,在全球极具特色,是建立大面积低温成矿理论的理想区域。前人对扬子克拉通中生代大面积低温矿作用进行了较系统的研究,在矿床地质特征、矿床物质组成、成矿流体特征、成矿时代和成矿动力学背景等方面,已取得重要进展。进一步的研究表明,扬子低温成矿域不同矿种的矿床组合(Pb-Zn、Au-Hg-Sb-As、Au-Sb等)在地理位置上是分区产出的,而这种不同矿床组合的分区对应着不同类型的前寒武纪基底。初步证据显示,扬子克拉通前寒武纪基底(含寒武纪)富含低温成矿元素,深循环流体浸取基底岩石中的成矿元素发生了大面积低温成矿,而基底岩石成矿元素组成的空间不均一分布则控制了不同区域矿床组合的差异。应指出的是,由于成矿金属元素来源示踪的复杂性,大面积低温成矿的物质基础尚需更系统的研究进一步证实。  相似文献   

四川盆地南部地震区发震构造及其新构造背景     

张岳桥 《地质学报》2020,94(11):3161-3177

近10年以来,在四川盆地南部的川黔滇交界地区发生了一系列中、强地震,其发震机理引起了广泛的关注和讨论。本文基于历史地震震中分布和区域活动断裂构造编图,发现四川盆地南部地震主要集中在4个地震亚区,分别为马边—永善、鲁甸、长宁和自贡—荣昌等地震亚区,华蓥山断裂带西南段是其中一条重要的地震构造边界带。通过综合分析主、余震分布特征、震源深度和震源机制解等资料,认为该地震区存在2类发震断层,其中马边—永善、鲁甸、长宁地震亚区以基底断层走滑型或走滑逆冲型地震为主,而自贡—荣昌亚区则以浅层滑脱断层逆冲型地震为主。区域挤压应力方向从WNW ESE向至ENE WSW向。双震型地震频发,一次走滑地震往往会触发一组共轭基底断层的同时活动。这些地震构造特征表明它们不同于盆地西缘的龙门山—岷山逆冲走滑型地震构造带,也不同于鲜水河—安宁河—小江走滑型地震构造带,属于一个新生的克拉通地震构造区,因西南扬子地块遭受青藏高原的向东推挤和压迫,构造应力通过“大凉山地块”传递并作用到四川盆地南部,导致扬子地块的断块型结构及其基底断层的逆冲走滑活动,进而主导了该地区的一系列中、强地震的破裂事件。  相似文献   

Coeval deposition of transgressive and normal regressive stratal packages in a structurally controlled area of the Viking Formation,central Alberta,Canada     

Sarah K. Schultz  James A. MacEachern  Octavian Catuneanu  Shahin E. Dashtgard 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):2974-3002

Variability in accommodation and sedimentation rates within a basin generates significant deviations in the along-strike stratal stacking patterns of systems tracts. This variability can lead to coeval depositional units that record the juxtaposition of transgressive (retrogradational) and regressive (progradational) stratal stacking patterns. In scenarios where transgressive and regressive units are deposited concurrently, challenges arise when attempting to correlate and place systems tracts into a sequence stratigraphic framework. In these scenarios, the maximum flooding surface records a high level of diachroneity, with the position of the surface variable throughout the stratigraphic column. In this study, Viking Formation (late Albian) deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, central Alberta, Canada, preserve significant along-strike variability of palaeoshorelines that developed in response to autogenic processes as well as allogenic controls that were active during deposition. Specifically, structural reactivation of Precambrian basement structures during Viking deposition led to significant variability in depositional environments along the palaeoshoreline. The incremental basement reactivation of the Precambrian Snowbird Tectonic Zone influenced sedimentation patterns and the creation of anomalous zones of accommodation in localized areas of the basin. Across fault boundaries and within the anomalously thick strata, both progradational and retrogradational stacking patterns occur within broadly contemporaneous deposits, complicating the correlation of stratigraphic units. While the concomitant deposition of transgressive and regressive units has been documented in a number of modern marine analogues, the concept is rarely applied to ancient successions. By identifying along-strike variabilities in shoreline geometries and incorporating the autogenic and allogenic controls that were active during deposition, a more accurate sequence stratigraphic framework can be proposed.  相似文献   

条带状铁建造:特征、成因及其对地球环境的制约   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨秀清  毛景文  张作衡  李厚民  李立兴  张旭升 《矿床地质》2020,39(4):697-727

条带状铁建造(BIF)是由硅质和铁质组成的化学沉积岩,通常具有典型的薄层或薄板状构造。BIF不仅记录了丰富的岩石圈、大气圈、水圈和生物圈状态及演化的信息,而且与其相关的铁矿也是世界上最重要的铁矿资源类型。虽然对BIF的研究已取得了丰富的成果,近年来若干新颖的观点和重要的发现对进一步深入研究BIF成因提供了重要思考途径和研究线索。文章总结了BIF类型、矿物学和地球化学特征,分析了BIF形成条件及大规模缺失机理,阐述了BIF的形成和大气圈两次重大氧化事件(古元古代大氧化事件,2.4～2.1 Ga,新元古代氧化事件,0.8～0.55 Ga?)之间的关系,认为BIF与海底岩浆-热液活动具有密切的成因联系。最后,提出BIF的沉积和消亡与重大地质事件密切相关,这些重大地质事件也相互作用,共同制约着大气海洋环境演化、地球生物学和地球动力学过程。关于BIF精细成矿时代、条带/条纹形成的机制、重大地质事件对BIF形成的制约和BIF微生物成因等方面仍存在较多问题。随着大数据、精细成矿年代学、模拟实验、非传统稳定同位素(Fe、Cr、U、Mo和Cu同位素等)新技术方法的进步,及对现代洋底热液系统的深入认识,将有助于揭开BIF成因的神秘面纱。  相似文献