乌鲁木齐河流域参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

普宗朝  张山清  李景林  黄新  孙月琴  阿帕尔 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2008,2(1):41-45

根据乌鲁木齐河流域5个气象站近30a的地面气象观测资料.应用1998年FAO最新推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算了各月参考作物蒸散量ETo,在此基础上,分析了ETo的月际和年际变化特征,并探讨了各气候要素和海拔高度与ETo的相关关系。结果表明,乌鲁木齐河流域ETo空间变化较大。从山前冲洪积平原的人工绿洲区到高寒地带的乌鲁木齐河源头ETo多年平均值呈明显递减趋势,平均垂直递减率为17.3mm.（100m）-1;30a来,流域各站的年参考作物蒸散量ETo均呈递减趋势,递减速率为-0.05mm.a-1～-5.21mm.a-1;ETo与平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、空气相对湿度、风速、日照时数、降水量和小型蒸发皿蒸发量均具有较好的相关性;造成近30a乌鲁木齐河流域参考作物蒸散量呈递减趋势的气候原因是：气温、空气相对湿度升高和降水增多以及风速、日照时数减小等气候变化综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

Characteristics and Causes of Changes of Pan Evaporation in China During 1957-2001          下载免费PDF全文

申双和  盛琼 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(5):575-584

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两相介质近场波动模拟的一种解耦有限元方法   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

陈少林  廖振鹏  陈进 《地球物理学报》2005,48(4):909-917

本文将求解近场波动问题的一种解耦技术推广到两相介质,得到了一种求解两相介质近场波动问题的直接解耦方法,包括集中质量有限元模型、时域显式积分格式和局部人工边界条件. 首先应用加权残数法,并依据波动模拟的精度要求,得到了两相介质集中质量有限元模型. 然后,结合两相介质中波动的衰减特性,实现了透射边界在两相介质近场波动中的运用. 最后,通过数值实验,并与解析解对比,验证了本文方法的有效性.  相似文献   

Effect of consolidation ratios on maximum dynamic shear modulus of sands   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

袁晓铭  孙静  孙锐 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2005,4(1):59-68

The dynamic shear modulus (DSM) is the most basic soil parameter in earthquake or other dynamic loading conditions and can be obtained through testing in the field or in the laboratory. The effect of consolidation ratios on the maximum DSM for two types of sand is investigated by using resonant column tests. And, an increment formula to obtain the maximum DSM for cases of consolidation ratio κc>1 is presented. The results indicate that the maximum DSM rises rapidly when κc is near 1 and then slows down, which means that the power function of the consolidation ratio increment κc-1 can be used to describe the variation of the maximum DSM due to κc>1. The results also indicate that the increase in the maximum DSM due to κc>1 is significantly larger than that predicted by Hardin and Black's formula.  相似文献   

嵌入式GIS导航系统中快速偏航算法的设计与实现     

胡泽明  岳春生  程娟 《测绘科学》2011,36(4):164-165,168

诸如汽车拉力赛等特殊领域的车载导航系统中,需要在资源有限的嵌入式GIS平台上,满足地图快速刷新前提下实现偏航算法的实时性,为此本文改进了比较耗时的欧氏浮点距离计算公式,采用定点整型数描述空间位置,并用移位运算代替乘除计算.理论分析和测试结果表明,改进算法带来的相关误差符合导航需求,改进算法显著提高了一般偏航算法的实时性...  相似文献   

Evaluation of the compression index of soils using an artificial neural network   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hyun Il Park  Seung Rae Lee 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

The compression index is a one of the important soil parameters that is essential to geotechnical designs. As the determination of the compression index from consolidation tests is relatively time-consuming, empirical formulas based on soil parameters can be useful. Over the decades, a number of empirical formulas have been proposed to relate the compressibility to other soil parameters, such as the natural water content, liquid limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, and others. Each of the existing empirical formulas yields good results for a particular test set, but cannot accurately or reliably predict the compression index from various test sets. In this study, an alternative approach, an artificial neural network (ANN) model, is proposed to estimate the compression index with numerous consolidation test sets. The compression index was modeled as a function of seven variables including the natural water content, liquid limit, plastic index, specific gravity, and soil types. Nine hundred and forty-seven consolidation tests for soils sampled at 67 construction sites in the Republic of Korea were used for the training and testing of the ANN model. The predicted results showed that the neural network could provide a better performance than the empirical formulas.  相似文献   

潜水完整井抽水时水跃值研究     

田乐海  姚磊华 《地下水》2011,33(5):22-23

针对艾连别格尔水跃值经验公式,用最小二乘法对其进行修正。通过实例对修正前后两公式进行验证,得出如下结论：艾连别格尔的水跃值经验公式过于保守,误差很大,而经最小二乘法修正后的公式能更好的反应实际情况,误差明显减小。说明修正后的公式更适用于实际工程。  相似文献   

基坑空间效应影响区长度的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柳家海 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(6):40-41

基坑空间效应影响范围的确定对其支护方案的选择、施工方案的确定以及监测方案的设置具有较强的指导意义。通过对不同基坑空间效应计算模型的分析,基于新的三维滑楔体破坏模型,提出了空间效应影响区长度的计算公式。三种计算方法的比较分析表明,新的计算方法更全面的考虑了影响基坑空间效应的各种因素,计算过程较为简便,且计算结果能较好地符合监测结果。  相似文献   

两种热通量边界条件对热带太平洋海温模拟的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王璐  周天军  刘海龙  邹立维 《海洋学报》2011,33(4):9-18

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候海洋模式(LICOM),考察了两种热通量边界条件(牛顿冷却型边界条件和总体公式型边界条件)对热带太平洋海温平均态和年际变率模拟效果的影响.结果显示,在两种边界条件下,模式均能较好的再现海温的年平均空间分布特征和季节循环特征.对比分析发现,...  相似文献   

Predicting wave run-up on rubble-mound structures using M5 model tree     

Lisham Bonakdar 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(1):111-118

Prediction of run-up level is a key task in design of the coastal structures. For the design of the crest level of coastal structures, the wave run-up level with a 2% exceedance probability, R_u2%, is most commonly used. In this study, the performance of M5 model tree for prediction of the wave run-up on rubble-mound structures was investigated. The main advantage of model trees, unlike the other soft computing tools, is their easier use and more importantly their understandable mathematical rules. Experimental data set of Van der Meer and Stam was used for developing model trees. The conventional governing parameters were selected as the input variables and the obtained results were compared with Van der Meer and Stam’s formula, recommended by the Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM, 2006). The predictive accuracy of the model tree approach was found to be superior to that of Van der Meer and Stam’s empirical formula. Furthermore, to judge the generalization capability of the model tree method, the model developed based on laboratory data set was validated with the prototype run-up measurements on the Zeebrugge breakwater, Belgium. Results show that the model tree is more accurate than empirical formulas and TS Fuzzy approach in estimating the full-scale run-up.  相似文献