兼容VGI与众包的灾害信息管理系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史秀保  马磊  李滨  赵三军 《测绘科学》2017,42(3)

针对地理信息采集VGI和众包传播模式在灾害救援中发挥的巨大作用,设计并实现了兼容VGI与众包的灾害信息管理系统VDMS,实例验证了该系统的有效性。结果表明:VDMS系统可以将VGI众包采集流程集成到灾害信息管理中,提高了灾害信息采集效率。设计了一种灾害信息管理系统VDMS,实现了灾害发生时海量数据的高效管理与有效利用。  相似文献   

Identification of rainwater harvesting sites using SCS-CN methodology,remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques     

Tarun Kumar 《国际地球制图》2017,32(12):1367-1388

This study presents a method to identify potential sites for soil and water conservation techniques for the demarcation of suitable sites for artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers, in the study area. The run-off derived by the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method is a function of run-off potential which can be expressed in terms of run-off coefficient. The augmentation of water resource is proposed by the construction of rainwater harvesting structures like check dam, percolation pond, farm pond and gully check dam. The site suitability for different water harvesting structures is determined by considering spatially varying parameters like slope, infiltration, run-off potential, landuse/land cover, stream order, soil texture, land capability class, hydrological soil group and micro-watershed area. The determined suitable site has been validated with existing recharge structures of the study area. Accuracy assessment of the suitable sites for recharge structures potential maps of the Bindra watershed is 82.60%.  相似文献   

灾害性天气个例库智能分析系统的设计与实现   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

焦圣明  郑媛媛  王宏斌  徐芬  鲍婷婷  王啸华 《气象》2017,43(3):354-364

灾害性天气个例库智能分析系统是由基础数据支持子系统(数据层)、气象数据应用中间件子系统(服务层)和个例库综合分析业务子系统(应用层)3部分组成,综合运用HTML5 Canvas技术、数据库技术、GIS技术、高效可视化渲染技术等实现了气象灾害性天气个例的交互式录入、关键词查询与检索以及相关气象资料智能再分析等功能。文章针对系统的组成架构、个例库设计、功能特点等关键技术进行了重点探讨,并详细介绍个例库录入与查询、WebGIS组件、可视化渲染以及气象资料再分析等功能的设计和实现。系统投入业务运行结果表明,页面响应速度快、兼容浏览器性能佳、人机交互体验好,能够满足高效、智能、灵活的业务需求,在为预报员建立正确的预报思路、提升天气过程分析能力等方面发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

华北秋季一次低槽冷锋积层混合云宏微物理特征与催化响应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦彦硕  蔡淼  刘世玺  蔡兆鑫  胡向峰  吕峰 《气象学报》2017,75(5):835-849

利用2013年10月13日机载粒子测量系统（PMS）在张家口涞源地区对积层混合云中上部进行的增雨探测数据,分析了云的垂直微物理结构、云区的可播性和作业前后液态云粒子、冰晶及降水粒子的微物理变化。结果表明,此次降水性积层混合云的垂直结构由冷、暖两层云配置,云层发展厚实,冷云区云粒子浓度平均为62 cm-3,液态水含量最大0.05 g/m3;2DC和2DP探测的冰晶及降水粒子平均浓度分别为1.9和2.2 L-1;暖云内云粒子数浓度集中在300 cm-3左右,液态水含量约0.1 g/m3。探测区域云粒子数浓度的水平分布不均匀。利用云内过冷水含量和冰晶浓度等参数判断,该降水性积层混合云的播撒作业层具有强可播性。对比作业前后云中粒子浓度及平均直径发现,云粒子在作业前时段内的平均浓度为31 cm-3,远高于作业后平均浓度（17.6 cm-3）;但平均直径变化不大。作业后冰晶粒子通过贝吉龙过程消耗过冷水长大,浓度由之前的0.86 L-1增至4.27 L-1,平均直径也增至550 μm。冰晶粒子逐渐长大形成降水,降水粒子浓度也相应有所升高,谱明显变宽。   相似文献   

2016年乌鲁木齐区域数值天气预报系统预报性能客观检验     

李曼  杜娟  辛渝  马玉芬  琚陈相 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(5):46-52

基于MET检验工具对乌鲁木齐区域数值天气预报系统DOGRAFS v1.0在2016年各季节中的预报性能进行客观检验评估,主要检验要素有2m温度、10m风、500hPa形势场等,并与2015年同期预报性能进行对比分析,结果表明：(1)2016年该系统对各个季节2m温度预报以冷偏差为主,午间偏低幅度较大;夏季性能最优,冬季性能最差。对10m风预报以正偏差为主,平均误差在1.0m/s以内;各季节预报性能无明显差异。(2)2016年该系统对500hPa位势高度和温度预报以负偏差为主;位势高度预报性能夏季最优、秋季最差;温度预报性能在夏季最优、冬季最差。24h预报时效的预报性能整体优于48h预报时效。(3)2016年晴雨预报效果较好,夏季降水评分最高、冬季最低。随降水阈值增大、TS评分降低,系统对夏季午后至夜间降水预报评分较高。(4)2015年各要素预报偏差的变化特征与2016年相似,2016年预报性能整体优于2015年。  相似文献   

SENSITIVITY OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS AND ASSOCIATED HEAVY RAINFALL TO SOIL MOISTURE OVER SOUTH CHINA     

蒙伟光  张艳霞  李江南  戴光丰  李昊睿  黄燕燕 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(1):91-102

The impacts of soil moisture(SM) on heavy rainfall and the development of Mesoscale Convection Systems(MCSs) are investigated through 24-h numerical simulations of two heavy rainfall events that occurred respectively on28 March 2009(Case 1) and 6 May 2010(Case 2) over southern China. The numerical simulations were carried out with WRF and its coupled Noah LSM(Land Surface Model). First, comparative experiments were driven by two different SM data sources from NCEP-FNL and NASA-GLDAS. Secondary, with the run driven by NASA-GLDAS data as a control one, a series of sensitivity tests with different degree of(20%, 60%) increase or decrease in the initial SM were performed to examine the impact of SM on the simulations. Comparative experiment results show that the 24-h simulated cumulative rainfall distributions are not substantially affected by the application of the two different SM data,while the precipitation intensity is changed to some extent. Forecast skill scores show that simulation with NASA-GLDAS SM data can lead to some improvement, especially in the heavy rain(芏50 mm) forecast, where there is up to 5% increase in the TS score. Sensitivity test analysis found that a predominantly positive feedback of SM on precipitation existed in these two heavy rain events but not with completely the same features. Organization of the heavy rainfall-producing MCS seems to have an impact on the feedback process between SM and precipitation. For Case 1, the MCS was poorly organized and occurred locally in late afternoon, and the increase of SM only caused a slight enhancement of precipitation. Drier soil was found to result in an apparent decrease of rainfall intensity,indicating that precipitation is more sensitive to SM reduction. For Case 2, as the heavy rain was caused by a well-organized MCS with sustained precipitation, the rainfall is more sensitive to SM increase, which brings more rainfall. Additionally, distinctive feedback effects were identified from different stages and different organization of MCS, with strong feedback between SM and precipitation mainly appearing in the early stages of the poorly organized MCS and during the late period of the well-organized MCS.  相似文献   

液压质量控制系统(HMS)的分析模型及其对底层柔性建筑抗震控制的分析     

刘季  李惠 《地震工程与工程振动》1995,(1)

本文着重阐述HMS系统的振动控制机理及其分析模型。在对试验结果分析的基础上,建立了HMS系统考虑其油液压缩性的“可压缩弹性”分析模型(简称“弹性”模型)。试验与分析证明,以该模型描述HMS的系统的工作状态是符合实际的。本文以所建立的“弹性”分析模型,对HMS系统各参数对底层柔性建筑抗震控制体系减震效果影响的规律性进行了详细的计算分析,得出了一些结论,这些结论对实际工程抗震控制设计是非常有意义的。  相似文献   

Evaluation of spatial correlation between nutrient exchange rates and benthic biota in a reef-flat ecosystem by GIS-assisted flow-tracking     

Toshihiro Miyajima  Yoshiyuki Tanaka  Isao Koike  Hiroya Yamano  Hajime Kayanne 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):643-659

A Geographic Information System (GIS)-aided flow-tracking technique was adopted to investigate nutrient exchange rates between specific benthic communities and overlying seawater in a fringing reef of Ishigaki Island, subtropical Northwestern Pacific. Net exchange rates of NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, NH₄ ⁺, PO₄ ³⁻, Total-N and Total-P were estimated from concentration changes along the drogue trajectories, each of which was tracked by the Global Positioning System and plotted on a benthic map to determine the types of benthic habitat over which the drogue had passed. The observed nutrient exchange rates were compared between 5 typical benthic zones (branched-coral (B) and Heliopora communities (H), seaweed-reefrock zone (W), bare sand area (S), and seagrass meadow (G)). The dependence of nutrient exchange rates on nutrient concentrations, physical conditions and benthic characteristics was analyzed by multiple regression analysis with the aid of GIS. The spatial correlation between nutrient exchange rates and benthic characteristics was confirmed, especially for NO₃ ⁻ and PO₄ ³⁻, which were usually absorbed in hydrographically upstream zones B and W and regenerated in downstream zones H and G. NO₃ ⁻ uptake in zones B and W was concentration-dependent, and the uptake rate coefficient was estimated to be 0.58 and 0.67 m h⁻¹, respectively. Both nutrient uptake in zone W and regeneration in zone H were enhanced in summer. The net regeneration ratio of NO₃ ⁻/PO₄ ³⁻ in zone H in summer ranged 5.2 to 34 (mean, 17.4), which was somewhat higher than previously measured NO₃ ⁻/PO₄ ³⁻ for sediment pore waters around this zone (1.1–8.5). Nutrient exchanges in zone S were relatively small, indicating semi-closed nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface of this zone. NH₄ ⁺ efflux from sediments was suggested in zone G. The data suggest that the spatial pattern of nutrient dynamics over the reef flat community was constrained by zonation of benthic biota, and that abiotic factors such as nutrient concentrations and flow rates, influenced nutrient exchange rates only in absorption-dominated communities such as zones B and W.  相似文献   

青岛城市环境地理信息系统(UEGIS)的设计与实现     

王卫平  王东生  佘宗莲  陈宗团  贾永刚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(4):587-594

本文以青岛城市环境地理信息系统为例 ,利用 GIS技术论述了地理信息系统在环境管理中的应用 ,对系统软件的设计与实现作了介绍和分析 ,着重论述了系统的技术关键和解决方案。说明了利用 GIS技术给环境管理工作带来的便利 ,及对环境地理信息系统的发展前景作了展望。  相似文献   

ECOM模式的改进及在长江河口、杭州湾及邻近海区的应用   总被引：32，自引：1，他引：32       下载免费PDF全文

朱建荣  朱首贤 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(4):364-374

基于原正交ECOM(Estuarine Coastal and Ocean Model)模式，把它改进为非正交曲线坐标系下模式，以较好地拟合河口海岸岸线的变化，有效提高局部空间分辨率，提高计算速度和精度；应用预估修正法提高模式的稳定性；扣除局域平均密度层结提高。坐标系下斜压压强梯度力的计算精度；采用Euler-Lagrange方法改进物质输运方程中的平流项计算方法。数值试验结果证明以上4种方法有效地提高了模式的计算精度。把改进的模式应用于长江河口、杭州湾及邻近海区，模拟结果与观测资料较为一致。改进后的模式可更好地应用于河口海岸的研究中。  相似文献