Spatial and temporal characterization of nutrient net uptake in a vegetated urban stream: Stream bank features leading to net uptake hotspots          下载免费PDF全文

Ana Catarina Singh  Carolyn Oldham 《水文研究》2017,31(17):3003-3016

Urban stream features can be used to promote nutrient retention; however, their interactions with different hydrological regimes impact nutrient cycling, decrease their retention capacity, and inhibit stream ecosystem functioning. This study analysed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the uptake of three nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus) in an urban drainage stream during high flows. In particular, we studied variations in net uptake along the right margin (with native vegetation and a roots mat) comparatively to the left margin (a non‐rooted grassy bank). Applying the spiralling approach within each subreach on either side, we determined nutrient subreach (sr) retention metrics: uptake rate coefficients , mass transfer rates , and areal uptake rates . Our results showed nitrate (NO₃) and ammonium (NH₄) net uptakes on the right side were higher and more frequent along subreaches where the root mat was more abundant ( [μg m^?2 s^?1] = 22.80 ± 1.13 for NO₃ and 10.50 ± 0.81 for NH₄), whereas on the left side both nutrients showed patchy and inconsistent net uptake patterns despite the homogeneous grass distribution. Net uptake for filtered reactive phosphorus (FRP) was not observed on either side at any flow rate. The impact of hydrological factors such as discharge, travel time, water depth, and concentration, on uptake metrics was studied. Despite increases in travel time as the flow decreased, there was a reduction in net uptake rates, and , on either side. This was attributed to a reduction in water level with declining flows, which decreased hydrologic connectivity with the stream banks, combined with a decrease in water velocity and a reduction in nutrient concentrations. We concluded the rooted bank acted as an effective retention area by systematically promoting net uptake resulting in a twofold increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention relative to the non‐rooted side where net uptake was spatially localized and highly dynamic. Overall, this work emphasized the importance of strategically sampling close to biologically active surfaces to more accurately determine areas where gross uptake surpasses release process.  相似文献   

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Kalpin MS5.3 Earthquake Sequence of December 1, 2013 and Anomalies before the Earthquake     

Liu Jianming  Wang Qiong  Nie Xiaohong  Gao Ge  Zhang Linlin  Zhang Zhiguang  Xiang Yang 《中国地震研究》2017,31(3):381-394

This paper introduces the basic parameters, focal mechanism solutions and earthquake sequence characteristics of the Kalpin M_S5.3 earthquake sequence of December 1, 2013, and analyzed seismic activity before the earthquake, the adjacent tectonic features and the precursory anomaly at fixed points within a range of 200km. Research indicates:(1) The earthquake occurred on Kalpin fault, the source rupture type is thrust faulting with sinistral strike-slip component. (2) The earthquake sequence is mainshock-aftershock type, with the aftershock distribution attenuating quickly and trending NE. (3) Abnormal seismic activity before the earthquake was characterized by seismically nesting quiescence of M_S2.0-4.0 earthquakes, seismic quiescence of M_S4.0 earthquakes and seismic belts of M_S3.0 earthquakes in the Kalpin block, abnormal enhancement zone of moderate earthquakes on Puchang fault and seismological parameters. (4) Anomalies of precursory observation data at fixed stations are mainly characterized by mutation. Apart from the borehole tiltmeter in Halajun, the spatial distribution of other abnormal precursors showed a phenomenon of migration from the near field to far field and from the epicenter to the peripheries.  相似文献   

滇西南发现石英面状变形构造          下载免费PDF全文

刘海龄  Adrian Jones  施小斌  阎贫  丘学林  刘迎春  Roger Mason 《地质科学》2006,41(3):518-522

采自云南省西南部澜沧江中游临景大桥以东约2km、勐戛河下游北岸的岩石样品的薄片中发现了非常清晰的石英面状变形构造(PDFs)。根据伦敦大学矿物岩石与冰物理实验室费氏台(universalstage)测量分析结果、样品所在地地层时代特征和航卫遥感图像特征的综合分析,认为该PDFs属陨击成因,其陨击事件大约发生在白垩/第三纪边界(距今65Ma),所引起的冲击变质作用已接近最高级阶段的高压二氧化硅相,样品位置接近陨击坑的中心。  相似文献   

商品贸易网络视角下地缘经济系统的属性与功能演进     

杨文龙  游小珺  杜德斌 《地理研究》2021,40(2):356-372

金融危机以来,世界经济发生了深刻变革."区域化、集团化、碎片化"逐渐取代经济全球化成为国际社会最为活跃的内容,以"地缘"为基础的经济板块日益涌现.本文结合系统动力学理论构建地缘经济系统的分析框架,从商品贸易网络的研究视角,对1996-2016年地缘经济系统的属性特征、功能等级的演进过程深入分析,得出如下结果.①在属性特...  相似文献   

海相泥页岩沉积过程研究进展     

李一凡  魏小洁  樊太亮 《沉积学报》2021,39(1):73-87

随着全球页岩油气勘探开发的不断深入,海相泥页岩作为非常规油气沉积学的重要研究对象之一,其沉积特征及沉积过程日益引起学者们的关注,并在岩相分类、沉积过程解释及层序地层划分方面取得了显著进展.海相泥页岩的岩相划分已达到厘米—毫米尺度,其命名原则主要考虑结构(粒度)、层理及矿物成分等特征,结构方面着重参考砂级、粗泥级和细泥级...  相似文献   

淮南煤田刘庄煤矿深部煤层气地质特征     

窦新钊  章云根  张文永  孙贵  易小会  丁海 《中国煤炭地质》2020,(1):48-51

为了查明刘庄煤矿深部煤层气赋存及开发地质条件,在井田内实施了两口煤层气探井,并开展了系统的分析测试工作。结果表明:刘庄深部勘查区主要煤层孔隙度一般为4.14%~4.77%,比表面积集中在2.184~5.228m 2/g,13-1煤层、11-2煤层和8煤层试井渗透率分别为0.12mD、0.09mD和0.08mD,孔裂隙系统发育一般,属于渗透性差的储集层;储层压力梯度大于静水压力梯度,属高异常压力范畴;主要煤层兰氏压力平均为2.61MPa,兰氏体积平均为6.74m 3/t,吸附能力较低;LT-1井气测录井过程中共出现14层气测异常,异常层段全烃含量均较低,最大为3.701%(16-1煤);主要煤层的含气量分布在0.21~1.47m 3/t,平均0.65m 3/t,主要煤层含气饱和度均很低,最大值仅为18.0%。综合分析认为,刘庄煤矿深部主要煤层埋深大,孔裂隙系统发育差,渗透率低,而且具有低含气量和低饱和度的特征,煤层气勘探风险较高。  相似文献   

四川理塘海子山地区放射性地球物理特征     

曹云  王光辉  马昌威  王永飞 《中国地质调查》2020,7(6):61-67

为研究四川理塘海子山地区放射性地球物理特征及铀成矿地质背景和成矿条件,在区内开展了地面伽马总量面积测量和地质-伽马能谱综合剖面测量。通过地面伽马总量面积测量,了解了海子山地区的伽马放射性背景,分析了其放射性特征; 通过地质-伽马能谱综合剖面测量,初步判定了研究区内燕山晚期花岗岩的放射性异常性质,分析了各主要地层岩石的放射性核素含量特征。研究表明: 区内出露的燕山晚期花岗岩有较高的伽马总量背景值,且伽马总量异常的展布与燕山晚期花岗岩体的分布特征基本一致; 花岗岩体的铀含量背景值较高,显示了区内良好的铀源条件; 研究区外围西侧有与NE向的断裂破碎带有关的查清卡温泉异常点,地表泉华具有极高的伽马总量测量值,且伽马能谱测量显示其为铀、钍混合异常点。根据查清卡温泉异常点的地质和放射性特征,并结合研究区铀成矿地质背景和成矿条件,初步判定本区铀源可能为深部含铀流体或铀富集在深部燕山晚期花岗岩体中,铀元素通过泉水迁移至地表沉淀富集,提供了下一步铀矿找矿方向。  相似文献   

遥感技术的线状地物宽度估算方法     

付利钊  闻洪峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):109-110,114

以华北某省的小麦产区为例,通过像元数来确定主要线状地物的解译标准,将地物按照像元数解译成面状和线状,同时建立线状解译的置信区间,实现不同情况下线状地物的面积统计。  相似文献   

“三调”中线状地物图斑化流程优化     

王胜利  卞盼盼  赵海峰  朱寿红  张宁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):24-27

第三次全国国土调查("三调")与第二次全国土地调查相比,需要将符合上图精度的线状图层地物全部进行图斑化表示,以图斑的形式存储在数据库中。实际作业过程中,为便于后续的数据统计分析,图斑化的单线要素需要在对应的线状地物图层的特定字段中标记"3",表示该线物要素已进行图斑化处理。上述过程在实际生产中工作量大、易误操作。针对所述问题,在对数据进行对比分析后,提出了程序化解决方案,能够大幅度提高处理效率和数据质量。  相似文献   

土地调查线状地物与图斑逻辑一致性缺陷修正方法     

张嘉  白晓飞  汪秀莲  季宏伟  杨宜舟 《测绘通报》2020,(11):128-131

土地调查数据中部分线状地物与图斑存在逻辑一致性缺陷,造成图斑地类面积计算错误。为解决上述问题,本文对土地调查数据线/面逻辑关系进行研究,归纳了线状地物跨越图斑的缺陷类型;并对其成因和影响进行分析,设计了一种通过增量更新进行缺陷修正的方法。该方法不影响地类流量分析,能够较好地维护年度间统计结果的一致性,易于实现缺陷修正的自动化处理,并利于数据回溯。通过土地变更调查国家级数据库质量检查工作实践表明,本文提出的方法有助于提升数据检查的效率,具有较好的实用价值。  相似文献