DENSIFICATION PROCESS WITHIN THE NEAR-SURFACE LAYER OF THE ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Qin Dahe 《极地研究》1990,2(1):10-19

The densification process within the near-surface layer of Antarctic Ice Sheet is dominated by the environment and exhibits geographic zonality, In this article, the processes are found to be of three types: warm, cold and alternate, on the basis of the studies on a lot of shallow snow/firm cores from Wilkes Land, Antarctica, and the available data. Warm type densification takes place mainly on the periphery of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, where the mean annual temperature is about --10----15℃. High temperature in summer and consequent melting and infiltration are the main factors influencing the densification process. Cold type densification occurs in the huge central region of the Antarctica, where the mean annual temperature is below --25℃, with the maximum below 0℃ in summer. In this region, ice sintering is a main cause for the densification. The alternate type densification occurs in the transition zone between the above two regions, where the mean annual temperature is --15----25℃ and the highest  相似文献   

General velocity formula of boundary layer above mobile sediment bed induced by asymmetric waves     

Xin Chen  Minghong Chen 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):255-267

Sediment movement in the wave boundary layer above a mobile sediment bed is complex.A velocity formula for the boundary layer is proposed for sheet flow induced by asymmetric waves above a mobile sediment bed.The formula consists of a free stream velocity and a defect function which contains a phase-lead,boundary layer thickness and mobile sediment bed.Phase-lag of sediment movement is considered in the formula for the mobile sediment bed.The formula needs six dependent variables about asymmetric wave and sediment characteristics.Asymmetry effects on parameters(orbital amplitude,roughness height,bed shear stress,and boundary layer thickness)are properly considered such that the formula can yield velocity differences among onshore,offshore,acceleration,and deceleration stages.The formula estimates the net boundary layer velocity resulting from the mobile sediment bed and asymmetric boundary layer thickness.In addition,a non-constant phase-lead also contributes to the net boundary layer velocity in asymmetric oscillatory sheet flow.Results of the formula are as good as that of a two-phase numerical model.Sheet flow transport induced by asymmetric waves,and the offshore net sediment transport rate with a large phase-lag under velocity-skewed waves,can be adequately estimated by the formula with a power sediment concentration function.  相似文献   

Accumulation over the Greenland Ice Sheet as Represented in Reanalysis Data     

CHEN Linling  Ola M. JOHANNESSEN  WANG Huijun  Atsumu OHMURA 《大气科学进展》2011,28(5):1030-1038

Annual precipitation,evaporation,and calculated accumulation from reanalysis model outputs have been investigated for the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS),based on the common period of 1989-2001.The ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data showed better agreement with observations than do NCEP-1 and NCEP-2 reanalyses.Further,ERA-interim showed the closest spatial distribution of accumulation to the observation.Concerning temporal variations,ERA-interim showed the best correlation with precipitation observations at five synoptic stations,and the best correlation with in situ measurements of accumulation at nine ice core sites.The mean annual precipitation averaged over the whole GrIS from ERA-interim (363 mm yr 1) and mean annual accumulation (319 mm yr 1) are very close to the observations.The validation of accumulation calculated from reanalysis data against ice-core measurements suggests that further improvements to reanalysis models are needed.  相似文献   

A refined understanding of the paleoenvironmental history recorded at the Okanagan Centre section,an MIS 4 stratotype,south‐central British Columbia,Canada     

JEROME‐ETIENNE LESEMANN  TRACY A. BRENNAND  OLAV B. LIAN  PAUL SANBORN 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(8):729-747

The Okanagan Centre section is the stratotype for marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4 sediments (Okanagan Centre Drift) in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. Previous work suggested that these sediments record two glacial and two interglacial cycles. This study reports on detailed sedimentological and geochronological investigations of lithostratigraphic units comprising the Okanagan Centre sequence, revealing successive deposition of subaqueous and subaerial outwash, a subglacial till and glaciolacustrine sediments during MIS 4. A limiting optical age of 113 ± 8 ka defines the base of this sequence. Sedimentological, paleopedological, optical dating and tephrochronological data from sediments near the middle of the sequence reveal soil development (MIS 3) in eolian sediments deposited on a river terrace overlying a deglaciated surface. Within these sediments, identification of Mt. St. Helens set C tephra suggest sedimentation between 50 and 35k ¹⁴C a BP. Optical dating corroborates the tephrochronology and suggests that this surface formed after ～52 ± 7 ka. The record of MIS 2 glaciation is restricted to deglaciation, and overlies MIS 3 sediments above an unconformity possibly related to regional subglacial meltwater erosion. Eolian sediments containing Mt Mazama set O tephra (～7.62k cal a BP) cap the sequence.  相似文献   

Parameterization of near-bed processes under collinear wave and current flows from a two-phase sheet flow model     

Laurent O. Amoudry  Philip L.-F. Liu 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

Sediment transport models require appropriate representation of near-bed processes. We aim here to explore the parameterizations of bed shear stress, bed load transport rate and near-bed sediment erosion rate under the sheet flow regime. To that end, we employ a one-dimensional two-phase sheet flow model which is able to resolve the intrawave boundary layer and sediment dynamics at a length scale on the order of the sediment grain. We have conducted 79 numerical simulations to cover a range of collinear wave and current conditions and sediment diameters in the range 210–460 μm$\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{m}$. The numerical results confirm that the intrawave bed shear stress leads the free stream velocity, and we assess an explicit expression relating the phase lead to the maximum velocity, wave period and bed roughness. The numerical sheet flow model is also used to provide estimates for the bed load transport rate and to inspect the near-bed sediment erosion. A common bed load transport rate formulation and two typical reference concentration approaches are assessed. A dependence of the bed load transport rate on the sediment grain diameter is observed and parameterized. Finally, the intrawave near-bed vertical sediment flux is further investigated and related to the time derivative of the bed shear stress.  相似文献   

A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau     

CHEN BaiLian    ZHANG RenHe  SUN ShuFen  BIAN LinGen  XIAO CunDe  & ZHANG TingJun Institute of Atmospheric Physics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences  Beijing  Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  Cold  Arid Regions Environmental  Engineering Research Institute  Lanzhou  The National Snow  Ice Data Center  University of Colorado... 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)

A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperat...  相似文献   

Dome Argus： Ideal site for deep ice drilling     

TANG Xueyuan  SUN Bo  LI Yuansheng  LI Xin  CUI Xiangbin 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(1):47-54

Located on the centre of ice drainage range, the highest Dome Argus （Dome A） of East Antarctic Ice Sheet （EAIS）, could be represented as an ideal site for deep ice cores drilling containing oldest paleo-climate records. To select a suitable drilling site for deep ice core, it needs gather all information pertaining to the local meteorology, ice sheet landforms, ice thickness, subgla- cial topography of bed rocks, ice velocity, internal structures of ice sheet, etc. Based on the International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences （IPICS）, we present recent achievement of glaciological research and its perspective at Dome A in this paper. We system- atically discussed the merits and possible ventures of potential drilling sites around Dome A. Among all the candidates, we find that the Chinese Antarctic Kunlun Station is the best site for and assess further the possibility to obtain a replicate core for carrying out the first deep ice core drilling campaign. We emphasize studying dynamics and evolution of climate change.  相似文献   

Early Holocene deglaciation of the eastern coast of Hudson Bay     

Patrick Lajeunesse   《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):341-352

The final stage of deglaciation of Hudson Bay was a major Holocene catastrophic event marked by the drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway at ~ 8.47 ka cal BP and the rapid collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Previous work undertaken in the Nastapoka River area (eastern Hudson Bay) demonstrated that during the relative sea level highstand that shortly followed the drainage of the lake, the western margin of the Québec–Labrador ice sector rapidly retreated eastward to reach a stillstand position in a coastal hill range. In this study, an analysis of Landsat 7TM images has allowed a mapping of large-scale glacial landforms (outwash deposits, eskers, flutings, and De Geer and Rogen moraines) between Kuujjuaraapik (SE Hudson Bay) and Puvirnituq (NE Hudson Bay). The key results from this mapping are: i) ice-contact outwash deposits mapped along the entire arc-shaped coastline of the eastern Hudson Bay outline a major ice stillstand phase in the coastal hills that extended at least from Kuujjuaraapik to Inukjuak. The presence of these hills allowed a stabilisation of the ice margin that led to the accumulation of thick and extensive ice-contact submarine fans. ii) The position of these deposits on the down ice side (west) of large sets of flutings indicates an important phase of sediment delivery by a rapid ice flow phase toward a marine-based ice margin. iii) A second system of outwash deposits observed farther inland indicates a subsequent phase of stabilisation of the ice margin during its retreat toward central Québec–Labrador.  相似文献   

1∶25万大同幅区域地质调查项目成果          下载免费PDF全文

张兆琪  王权  卫彦升  刘成如  杨五宝  段春森  杨耀华 《中国地质调查》2017,4(4):50-59

通过对1∶25万大同市幅地质概况的介绍,重点论述了所取得的主要成果: ①对区内构造单元进行了划分,查明了各个构造单元的物质组成及变质、变形特点,建立了早前寒武纪地质构造事件演化序列及其地质构造演化模式,恢复了本区的地质构造发展史; ②对前人所称集宁群进行了重新认识和解体,认为原集宁群由变质深成岩与变质表壳岩系组成,同时针对区内的沉积盖层,系统地建立了岩石地层格架,为生物地层、年代地层划分提供了新资料; ③将区内变质深成岩划分为4个岩浆岩带,对各个岩浆岩带的变质深成岩进行了详细解体与划分; ④针对区内的中生代侵入岩,查明了其空间分布、岩石特征、岩石化学及地球化学特征,探讨了岩石成因,研究了其构造背景; ⑤针对区内早前寒武纪变质岩系变质矿物,查明了不同变质体的变质矿物组合特点和矿物世代关系; ⑥针对区内的构造形迹,建立了本区构造格架,将早前寒武纪的构造变形划分为五台期早晚2次变形,吕梁期早晚2次变形,并针对区内中生代构造,查明了各个盆地的盆缘构造特征和不同方向、不同期次、不同性质断裂的分期配套关系,尤其是查明了大同盆地西缘大型构造带的空间展布、性质、断裂组合及运动学特征,对探讨山西中—新生代盆地的演化发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

青藏高原大冰盖假说的提出与扬弃   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

施雅风 《第四纪研究》2004,24(1):10-18

M.Kuhle自20世纪80年代,提出青藏高原冰期发育大冰盖假说,连续发表20多篇文章,喧闹一时,吸引很多人注意,一批中国学者首先反对,不少欧、美、日等国学者专程为此问题上高原考察,结果均持异议。1991年第13届INQUA大会前后,很多学者参加的横贯青藏高原考察,未能看到冰盖假说的任何实证。IGCP计划253项为此问题设立的成问题冰盖工作组,工作组组长N.Rutter专文评论M.Kuhle假说中的许多错误,认为绝大多数学者均拒绝接受冰盖论,但M.Kuhle仍坚持其原先论点。现在可以说在科学讨论中大冰盖假说实际上被扬弃了  相似文献