Neogene-Quaternary contourite and related deposition on the West Shetland Slope and Faeroe-Shetland Channel revealed by high-resolution seismic studies     

Damuth  John E.  Olson  Hilary Clement 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2001,22(5-6):369-398

The Neogene and Quaternary sediments of the Faeroe-Shetland Channel and West Shetland shelf and slope rest upon a major regional unconformity, the Latest Oligocene Unconformity (LOU), and have been deposited through the interaction of downslope and parallel-to-slope depositional processes. The upper to middle continental slope is dominated by mass-transport deposits (debris flows), which progressively diminish downslope, and were largely generated and deposited during glacial cycles when ice sheets supplied large quantities of terrigeneous sediment to the upper slope and icebergs scoured sea-floor sediments on the outer shelf and uppermost slope. Large-scale sediment failures have also occurred on the upper slope and resulted in deposition of thick, regionally extensive mass-transport deposits on portions of the lower slope and channel floor. In contrast, large fields of migrating sediment waves and drift deposits dominate most of the middle to lower slope below 700 m water depth and represent deposition by strong contour currents of the various water masses moving northeastward and southwestward through the channel. These migrating sediment waves indicate strong northeastward current flow at water depths shallower than 700 m and strong southwestward current flow at water depths from 700 to >1,400 m. These flow directions are consistent with present-day water-mass flow through the Faeroe-Shetland Channel. The Faeroe-Shetland Channel floor is underlain by thin conformable sediments that appear to be predominantly glacial marine and hemipelagic with less common turbidites and debris flows. No evidence is observed in seismic or core data that indicates strong contour-current erosion or redistribution of sediments along the channel floor.  相似文献   

古代中西方成矿理论之比较     

刘昭民  王根元 《地质论评》1992,38(3):245-249

古代中国和西方对矿物成因之解释都很早。西方早在公元前4世纪,有希腊的亚里斯多德(Aristotle)认为地下矿物是干气和湿气所造成的。中国早在先秦时代,也有《周礼·考工记》认为是“地气”使然。本文详细说明中国和西方16世纪以前的成矿理论,比较其差异,并详细说明两者的优点和缺点,探讨它们之间是否发生相互影响,最后以现代矿床学思想和理论批判中国和西方古代之成矿理论。  相似文献   

山东省铍矿典型矿床特征及找矿远景区划分          下载免费PDF全文

汪子杰 《山东国土资源》2020,36(2):36-40

山东省铍矿以荣成大疃刘家铍矿较典型,为一小型蚀变岩型铍矿床。该文在充分收集山东省铍矿相关资料的基础上,选取荣成大疃刘家铍矿作为典型矿床进行了综合分析,研究了成矿地质条件、成矿机制,总结了找矿标志。通过详细的矿床解剖和试验测试工作,研究了山东省铍矿的分布规律,总结了区域成矿要素,划分了找矿远景区4处,并对远景区进行了找矿远景评价,提出了下一步勘查工作的建议。  相似文献   

Geodynamically indicated targeting strategy for shale‐hosted massive sulfide Pb–Zn–Ag mineralisation in the Western Fold Belt,Mt Isa terrane     

P. G. Betts  G. S. Lister 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):985-1010

There is ongoing debate with respect to the genetic models for shale‐hosted massive sulfide Pb–Zn–Ag deposits contained in the Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic intracontinental Isa Superbasin in the Western Fold Belt, Mt Isa terrane. Favourable sites of mineralisation can be predicted based on understanding the tectonic setting of the Isa Superbasin, the structural controls of mineralisation and the chemically favourable environments for ore deposition. Shale‐hosted massive sulfide Pb–Zn–Ag deposits are hosted in successions deposited during the dominant sag‐phase of the Isa Superbasin. These deposits are localised at the intersections of major basin‐scale extensional faults and are hosted in both shallow‐marine and deeper water carbonaceous shales that are characteristically anoxic and located near or at maximum flooding surfaces. All major shale‐hosted massive sulfide Pb–Zn–Ag deposits are located to the west of the Mt Isa Rift (ca 1710–1670 Ma). This spatial association is explained by an asymmetrical lithosphere extension model for the evolution of the Isa Superbasin. Elevated geothermal gradients at the location of maximum subcrustal lithospheric thinning to the west of the Mt Isa Rift may have driven the migration of basinal brines. Increased subsidence at this location produced favourable anoxic sedimentary horizons for metal precipitation during orebody formation.  相似文献   

应用微束分析技术研究铜钴矿床中钴的赋存状态     

涂家润  卢宜冠  孙凯  周红英  郭虎  崔玉荣  耿建珍  李国占 《岩矿测试》2022,(2):226-238

微束分析技术能够在微米-纳米尺度上精确分析矿石矿物的物相、形貌、结构、成分以及同位素组成,为地球科学精细研究提供重要技术支撑。本文利用多种微束分析技术的自身优势,综合运用微区X射线荧光光谱(micro-XRF)、偏光显微镜、电子探针(EPMA)以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析技术,建立了一种简单直观且全面快速鉴别钴赋存状态的技术方法。首先采用偏光显微镜选出部分代表性的探针片,然后进行微区X射线荧光光谱面扫描,获得探针片中钴及组合元素分布规律及特征,再利用偏光显微镜细致观察鉴别,结合元素分布特征规律识别出独立钴矿物以及含钴矿物,最后圈出代表性矿物并采用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS进行主微量化学成分测定。将该方法应用于中非铜钴成矿带上典型铜钴矿床中钴的赋存状态研究,查明了谦比希东南矿体中的钴主要以独立矿物(钴镍黄铁矿、硫钴矿、硫铜钴矿)和类质同象(主要赋存于黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿中)两种形式存在,而谦比希西矿体中的钴主要以独立矿物——硫铜钴矿的形式零星存在。  相似文献   

The mixing of Mesozoic crust-mantle magma is the key to the source of large amounts of gold deposits in the Jiaobei uplift,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

田瑞聪  李大鹏  张文  田京祥  于晓卫  耿科  张岩 《岩石学报》2022,38(1):23-40

胶东地区金矿巨量金质来源一直是学界争论的焦点,很难找到有说服力的直接证据。在没有其它更有效的直接证明巨量金质来源的情况下,本文通过胶北隆起主要地质体新鲜岩石大量微量元素地球化学数据的变化规律,间接得出中生代壳幔岩浆的混合反应是巨量金质来源的关键,即郭家岭和伟德山两期壳幔岩浆的混合反应和演化可能是巨量金质来源的主要形成机制,同时更是热量供给源,而玲珑花岗岩可能是少量金质的提供者和主要赋矿地质体。胶东地区金矿主要成矿时间(130～105Ma)与郭家岭(130～125Ma)和伟德山(126～108Ma)两期花岗岩浆演化结晶时间完全吻合,说明其关系密切,岩浆混合反应和冷凝期,岩浆热液上升运移沉淀成矿。该区中生代地质体对早前寒武纪的地球化学环境有一定的继承性,中生代地壳混合了大量地幔物质,Au丰度偏高,平均为1.31×10^-9,为地球化学高背景场。  相似文献   

昆仑古特提斯构造转换与镍钴锰锂关键矿产成矿作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

李文渊  张照伟  高永宝  洪俊  陈博  张志炳 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1385-1407

【研究目的】 特提斯构造域研究愈来愈显示为原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯三分的特点,其中古特提斯洋的形成演化及其成矿作用的研究较为薄弱。【研究方法】 本文根据东昆仑夏日哈木早泥盆世超大型镍钴硫化物矿床、帕米尔玛尔坎苏晚石炭世大型火山源沉积型富锰矿和西昆仑大红柳滩晚三叠世大型伟晶岩型锂铍矿床发现事实,将它们成矿的构造地质背景演化作为主线关联起来研究,提出它们分别代表了古特提斯裂解、大洋扩张和闭合后碰撞构造转换结果的认识。【研究结果】 认为与古亚洲洋同期的原特提斯洋于志留纪末碰撞闭合后,在冈瓦纳大陆北缘由于地幔柱作用改造的软流圈发生部分熔融而裂解,形成了以夏日哈木与裂解背景幔源镁铁—超镁铁岩有关的超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床;随着进一步扩张,在早石炭世形成了古特提斯成熟大洋,由于大洋中脊喷发提供的成矿物质,在晚石炭纪随着大洋快速扩张向消减的转换,洋底碳酸盐岩沉积中形成了玛尔坎苏大型富菱锰矿矿床;古特提斯洋闭合后于中三叠世进入碰撞造山阶段,于晚三叠世后碰撞阶段地壳重熔形成的S型花岗岩高温热液流体,并造就了大红柳滩大型伟晶岩型锂铍矿床。早晚古生代之交是古特提斯洋裂解的开始,此时秦祁昆洋为代表的原特提斯主洋已经闭合,作为原特提斯洋弧后盆地的古亚洲洋尽管尚未闭合,但夏日哈木镍钴矿床则是原特提斯造山后陆壳再次裂解的产物,并非形成于原特提斯洋岛弧或后碰撞的环境;锰是亲石元素,岩浆作用中不富集,而在外生沉积作用中富集,说明古特提斯早石炭世新生洋壳是富锰的,淋滤出的锰离子在晚石炭世相对宁静洋底深处碱性环境中形成沉积型碳酸锰矿,代表了较为强烈的岩浆作用阶段向相对宁静的沉积环境的转换;大红柳滩S型花岗岩基及其大规模伟晶岩型锂铍矿的产出,则反映了强烈的碰撞造山作用导致的地壳重熔的地球动力学背景,应是古特提斯洋缝合造山后或后碰撞伸展的环境。【结论】 就已有的成矿事实,东昆仑康西瓦—阿尼玛卿古特提斯缝合带与南部巴颜喀拉的西金乌兰—金沙江和羌塘的龙木错—双湖古特提斯缝合带相比,更富有地质意义。  相似文献   

U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of Stratiform Garnet from the Aqishan Pb-Zn Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints on Genesis of the Deposit     

WEN Bin  ZHANG Yuanhou  YANG Wanzhi  DU Shangze  WANG Peng  LIU Jinwei  CHEN Lei 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):135-146

The Aqishan lead-zinc deposit,located in the Jueluotag metallogenic belt of eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang,Northwest China,has a stratiform occurrence in the marine volcanic tuff of the Yamansu Formation.The ore body has a typical double-layer structure,having a stratified,stratoid,lenticular upper part and a veined,stockwork-like lower part.The occurrence of the upper orebody is consistent with that of the volcanic tuff wall rock.The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite,pyrite,sphalerite,galena and magnetite,the altered minerals mainly being silicified,such as sericite,chlorite,epidote,garnet.The garnetized skarn,being stratiform and stratoid,is closely related to the upper part of the orebody.Geological observations show that the limestone in the ore-bearing Yamansu Formation is not marbleized and skarnized.Spatially,it is associated with the ferromanganese deposits in the marine volcanic rocks of the Yamansu Formation.These geological features reflect the likelihood that the Aqishan lead-zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit.The results from the EPMA show that the garnet is mainly composed of grossular-andradite series,contents being in a range of 34.791-37.8%SiO₂,32.493-34.274%CaO,8.454-27.275%FeO,0.012-15.293%Al₂O₃,0.351-1.413%MnO,and lower values of 0.013-1.057%TiO₂.The content of SiO₂ vs.CaO and FeO vs.Al₂O₃ has a significant positive correlation.The results of ICP-MS analysis for the garnet show that the REE pattern is oblique to right in general.The total amount of rare earth elements is relatively low,ΣREE=71.045-826.52 ppm,which is relatively enriched for LREE and depleted for HREE.LREE/HREE=8.66-4157.75,La_N/Yb_N=23.51-984.34,with obvious positive Eu and Ce anomalies(δEu=2.27-76.15,δCe=0.94-1.85).This result is similar to the REE characteristics of ore-bearing rhyolite volcanic rocks,showing that the garnet was formed in an oxidizing environment and affected by clear hydrothermal activity.The U-Pb isotopic dating of garnet by fs-LA-HR-ICP-MS gives an age of 316.3±4.4 Ma(MSWD=1.4),which is consistent with the formation time of the Yamansu Formation.According to the study of deposit characteristics and geochemical characteristics,this study concludes that the Aqishan lead-zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit,the garnet being caused by hydrothermal exhalative sedimentation.  相似文献   

松辽盆地开鲁坳陷西部四方台组铀成矿条件及找矿方向     

佟术敏  封志兵  张婷婷  宁君  姜山  杨文达  柳东良  臧亚辉 《矿床地质》2023,42(6):1247-1265

开鲁坳陷位于松辽盆地西南部,通过系统地分析开鲁坳陷西部铀源、构造、岩性-岩相、砂体氧化-还原、水文地质和铀矿化特征,笔者认为区内四方台组具备砂岩型铀矿成矿的基本地质条件。经统计蚀源区和地层本身砂体铀含量,数据显示该区具备丰富的内外双重铀源。深部还原流体可沿主干断层直接进入四方台组,这些断层也为地下水排泄提供通道。四方台组发育冲积扇、辫状河沉积体系,泥-砂-泥结构稳定,具备良好的地下水补-径-排和水中铀水文地质条件。文章从氧化带、砂体Th/U值变化规律、Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺值及有机碳含量分布特征等方面阐述其与铀成矿的关系。铀成矿主要受铀源、构造、岩性岩相及砂体氧化-还原等关键因素控制,各种成矿要素匹配良好,具备形成中型及以上砂岩型铀成矿潜力。  相似文献   

蒙山峨峪口砾石堆积堤的年代学研究          下载免费PDF全文

王乃昂  孙德浩  隆浩  刘啸  王孝理  陆晨遨  李卓仑  刘江 《地质论评》2023,69(1):357-364

准确界定蒙山峨峪口砾石堆积堤的形成时代,对于探明其成因、澄清山东中低山丘陵第四纪冰川有无之争,是一个需要解决的科学问题。峨峪口堆积垄岗砾石组构、沉积构造、地貌组合等标志,均指向其为山洪泥石流堆积物,且为暴发频率极低、发展周期较长的水石流或稀性泥石流堆积。其下伏第四纪沉积物OSL埋藏年龄和AMS¹⁴C年龄可作为砾石堆积堤形成时代的最老约束参考年龄,当地村民迁居此地的历史可作为最小约束参考年代。OSL测年结果为2.1～2.3 ka BP,AMS¹⁴C测年结果为951～1522 cal AD,证明砾石堆积堤为数百年前形成的历史泥石流遗迹。  相似文献