黄河小浪底傍河地下水源地资源评价的有限体积法     

赵全升  李悦  张效龙  邹剑峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(2):254-258

为准确评价小浪底傍河地下水源地的可采资源。根据小浪底傍河地下水源地的水文地质条件,应用有限体积法评价该水源地的可采资源,提出2种开采方案。结果显示：此方法对该区地下水资源所做的评价正确,反演计算的水文地质参数合理。  相似文献   

水和土壤环境非水溶相污染物的表面活性剂增效修复机制     

马玉新  郑西来  史凤梅  李玉瑛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(3):451-454,458

分析了表面活性剂和非水溶相有机污染物在水和土壤环境中的相互作用,以及表面活性的特性,解释了表面活性剂增效修复水和土壤环境中非水溶相污染物的机制。表面活性剂溶液通过增溶作用和增流作用,驱除地下水含水层中的非水相液体以及吸附于土壤颗粒物上的污染物,提高地下水和土壤中憎水性有机污染物的现场修复速率。增效修复效果依赖于临界胶束浓度(CMC)、污染物和表面活性剂的吸附特性、污染物的溶解性和土壤类型等。表面活性剂能增加化合物的溶解度,降低与水的界面张力,并形成乳液。  相似文献   

Geochemical Atlas of the Slovak Republic at a scale of 1:1,000,000     

Kamil Vrana  Stanislav Rapant  Dušan Bodiš  Karol Marsina  Blanka Maňkovská  Ján ?urlík  Peter Šef?ík  Jozef Daniel  Ladislav Lu?ivjanský  Jaroslav Lexa  Silvester Pramuka 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1997,60(1):7-37

The Geochemical Atlas of Slovak Republic (49,036 km²) at a scale of 1 : 1,000,000 was compiled during 1991–1995 together with maps of associated geochemical and ecological features at a scale of 1 :200,000. Investigations were aimed at the evaluation of concentrations and distributions of Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Ce, Co, Cd, Cs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr in groundwater (16,359 samples), stream sediments (24,422 samples), rocks (3839 samples), soils (9892 samples from 4946 profiles; A and C horizons of each profile were sampled) and forest biomass (the foliage of the forest tree species from 3063 plots was sampled). In groundwater field measurements of temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved O₂, acidity, alkalinity were done. The evaluation was oriented to the natural radioactivity of the Slovak territory as follows: rocks (K, U, Th, U_tot and dose rate, 15,573 reference spectrometric points), radon risk and water (U_nat, ²²⁶Ra, ²²²Rn; 5271 samples). The main objective of the Geochemical Atlas was to construct single-component maps showing concentrations of chemical elements, compounds and measured parameters in the researched media of Slovakia at a scale of 1 : 1,000.000 and to create interactive databases of chemical composition and/or measured parameters of groundwater, biomass, rocks, soils, stream sediments and natural radioactivity, for the entire territory of the Slovak Republic. The single-component maps are not constructed in the part ‘Rocks’, where all the main rocks types of Slovakia are presented in the ‘Map of lithogeochemical rock types of Slovakia at a scale of 1: 500,000’. The edition of six atlases has been planned. In 1997 the first three atlases will appear (Groundwater, Biomass, Natural Radioactivity). Publishing of last three atlases (Rocks, Soils, Stream Sediments) is planned for 1998. Since the analytical works on stream sediments were finished during 1997, it was not possible to present here the results of that part of the Geochemical Atlas.  相似文献   

Pathlines of pollutant migration in groundwater of the Visakhapatnam urban area,India     

N. Subba Rao  V. V. S. Gurunadha Rao 《水文研究》1999,13(9):1381-1389

The groundwater regime in the north‐western part of the Visakhapatnam urban area was polluted as early as 1981 by discharge of untreated industrial effluent from a Hindustan Polymers Limited (HPL) plant. A total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of surficial effluent up to 6500 mg/l and of groundwater in the range 3000–4200 mg/l has been reported in the environs of the HPL plant during May 1992. Groundwater occurs under water table conditions. The groundwater flow model was simulated as a single layer aquifer, using MODFLOW and FLOWPATH computer models. Aquifer parameters were estimated and the value of effective porosity assumed. The water table configuration was mapped in May 1981 using 33 observation wells. The calibrated hydraulic head distribution was used to compute the velocity field using the effective porosity values. The flow paths of groundwater migration from the source locations up to 2002 AD were predicted. Pathlines of particles in the groundwater indicated a predominant north‐east and south‐west migration of groundwater pollution in the area. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯白垩系自流水盆地水文地质特征与岩相古地理   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

杨友运  常文静  侯光才  王永和  张蓬勃 《沉积学报》2006,24(3):387-393

鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地是一特大型自流水盆地,发育洛河、环河华池和罗汉洞三个含水岩组。通过分析早白垩世的盆地古构造、古地理、沉积环境和岩石特征、划分含水岩组沉积相类型,探讨沉积相与含水岩组发育分布规律以及含水性之间的关系,认为岩相古地理是控制含水岩组分布特征、含水性以及水质变化的重要因素,受其影响,在盆地边缘,含水岩组由多期冲积扇、河流和三角洲平原分流河道相砂砾岩和砂岩组成,不同沉积期次的砂砾岩层叠置,形成巨厚含水层,泥岩隔水层不发育,地下水循环系统性好,矿化度低;在盆内,洛河和罗汉洞组风成相砂岩,产状稳定、组份和结构成熟度高、易溶组份少,顶底板及边界隔挡岩性匹配合理,是最理想的含水岩组。环河华池组含水砂体,由三角洲水下分流河道以及滨湖滩坝相长石石英细砂岩组成,呈孤立透镜体状,含水性差,孔喉结构复杂,水溶蚀作用强,矿化度高;早白垩世形成的鄂尔多斯东西不对称湖盆结构既控制当时含水层的发育和分布,又是现今自流水盆地结构形成的基础。  相似文献   

乳化植物油强化土著微生物修复中高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董军  徐暖  刘同喆  管锐  邓俊巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(1):234-240

以天然细砂为微生物来源,模拟研究了乳化植物油强化原位生物修复中高浓度Cr（Ⅵ）污染地下水的可行性,考察了修复效果及修复过程中地下水质变化及产物的稳定性。结果表明,反应77 d后,Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度分别从20.0、30.0、50.0、80.0、110.0 mg/L降低到0.0、5.8、19.0、43.6、65.8 mg/L,去除率分别为100.0%、80.7%、61.9%、45.5%、40.2%。反应后介质中Cr形态分析表明,其主要以能在自然条件下稳定存在的铁锰结合态和有机结合态形式存在。此外,随反应进行,实验体系逐渐呈弱酸性环境,pH为5.80~6.70。当Cr被完全还原后,体系会发生异化铁还原,Fe（Ⅱ）质量浓度逐渐升高,最高可达117.0 mg/L,最终形成二价铁矿物。综上所述,天然细砂介质中的土著微生物能够利用乳化植物油强化并还原地下水中的中、高浓度Cr（Ⅵ）,且产物能够在自然状态下稳定存在,修复过程对地下环境的影响较小。  相似文献   

基于223Ra和224Ra的桑沟湾海底地下水排放通量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王希龙  杜金洲  张经 《海洋学报》2017,39(4):16-27

海底地下水排放（SGD）是陆地向海洋输送水量和营养物质的重要通道之一,对沿海物质通量及其生物地球化学循环有重要的影响,对生态环境起着不可忽视的作用。本文运用天然放射性同位素223Ra和224Ra示踪估算了我国北方典型养殖基地桑沟湾的海底地下水排放通量。结果表明,海底地下水样尤其是间隙水中Ra活度[224Ra=（968±31）dpm/（100 L）,223Ra=（31.4±4.9）dpm/（100 L）,n=9]远高于表层海水[224Ra=（38.7±2.0）dpm/（100 L）,223Ra=（1.70±0.50）dpm/（100 L）, n=21]。假设稳态条件下,考虑Ra的各源、汇项,利用Ra平衡模型,估算出桑沟湾SGD排放通量为（0.23~1.03）×107 m3/d。潮周期内的观测结果显示,涨潮时,水力梯度较小,SGD排放变弱,落潮时,水力梯度较大,导致了相对较多的SGD排放。在一个潮周期间,基于223Ra和224Ra得到的SGD排放通量平均为0.39×107 m3/d。潮汐动力下的SGD排放平均占总SGD排放的61%,因此桑沟湾沿岸的地下水排放主要受潮汐动力的影响,并对海水组成及海陆间物质交换有显著贡献。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of water waves generated by seabed movement     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

  相似文献   

Philopatry and dispersal of juvenile leervis Lichia amia (Teleostei: Carangidae) tagged in a warm-temperate South African estuary     

T Murray  P Cowley  A-R Childs  R Bennett 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(1):59-68

Understanding and characterising movement and area-use patterns of fishes within estuaries, as well as understanding the degree of connectivity between estuaries and the marine environment, can provide important insights into a species’ ecology, which is fundamental for effective management and conservation. Mark-and-recapture data obtained from the 082 TAG FISH Project, a dart-tagging programme, were used to describe movement patterns of juvenile leervis Lichia amia in the permanently open Swartkops Estuary, South Africa, as well as the degree of connectivity with the adjacent marine environment. A total of 628 juvenile leervis were tagged from 2008 to 2015, of which 77 fish (12.3%) were recaptured, with juveniles comprising 85.7% of all measured recaptures. The majority of recaptures (75.3%) were made within the Swartkops Estuary, indicating estuarine philopatry, with 23.4% having moved less than 1 km, revealing site fidelity, but most (51.9%) displaying estuarine roaming. A smaller portion of recaptures (27.7%) had dispersed to other habitats; 16 (20.8%) displayed multiple-habitat connectivity, while only 3 (3.9%) had undertaken long-distance movements (>100 km) and were recaptured up to 825 km northeast of the Swartkops Estuary. Lichia amia that had moved greater distances were characterised by a greater mean size and age at the time of recapture. This study provides valuable information on the philopatry and dispersal of juvenile L. amia.  相似文献   

Estuarine and coastal connectivity of an estuarine-dependent fishery species,Pomadasys commersonnii (Haemulidae)     

MH Dames  PD Cowley  A-R Childs  RH Bennett  EB Thorstad  TF Næsje 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(1):111-120

Understanding the level of connectivity between estuarine and coastal waters is essential for appropriate management of estuarine-associated taxa. Most studies have focused on the role of a single estuary, while limited research exists on the importance of multiple estuaries to individuals of estuarine-associated species. This study used acoustic telemetry to assess the usage of multiple estuaries and coastal waters by the estuarine-dependent spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii. Twenty-six adult fish were tagged with acoustic transmitters in the Kariega and Bushmans estuaries, South Africa, and their movements along a 300-km stretch of Indian Ocean coastline were monitored for up to 17 months. Tagged individuals spent most of their time in the estuary where they were tagged (55% and 85% for fish tagged in the two estuaries, respectively), followed by time in the sea (30% and 15%) and in other estuaries (15% and <1%). The mean durations of sea trips for fish tagged in the Kariega Estuary or Bushmans Estuary, respectively, were 25 days (range 3–55) and 12 days (range 2–22). Of the fish that went to sea, 93% from the Kariega Estuary and 60% from the Bushmans Estuary visited other estuaries. Most visits were undertaken to the Swartkops, Bushmans and Kowie estuaries, although the longest durations were spent in the Sundays Estuary. Individuals moved to estuaries up to 130 km away. The total distance travelled between estuaries by an individual during the study was ～529 km, with means of 201 and 184 km, respectively, for fish tagged in the Kariega and Bushmans estuaries. Despite covering large distances between estuaries, individuals often returned to their tagging estuary. Residency in their tagging estuary, combined with frequent visits to a neighbouring estuary, highlights the importance of estuarine habitats for this popular fish species, even after reaching maturity.  相似文献