江苏南部两次暴雨-大暴雨过程分析     

雷正翠  夏文梅  徐芬  黄文彦  刘梅  刘银峰 《气象科技》2021,49(1):95-106

2011年6月10日(简称“11·06”)和2017年6月10日(简称“17·06”)在江苏南部出现了两次暴雨-大暴雨过程,本文利用常规观测资料、FNL再分析资料和雷达资料等,对两次过程进行了分析,结果表明:异常的高低纬度环流形势配合,为强降水的发生提供了有利的环流背景。两次过程代表站的物理量场差异较大:“17·06”最大散度值约为“11·06”的2倍;“17·06”最大垂直速度、最大水汽通量散度值约为“11·06”的1.8、1.3倍且大值维持时间均很长。两次过程均为暖区低质心热带海洋型强降水,但“11·06”强回波分散、伸展高度偏低、强度偏弱且无明显强回波的列车效应;“17·06”强回波排列紧密、伸展高度高、强度明显偏强且强回波列车效应明显。螺旋度变化一般提前于降水变化,具有可预报性,可作为大面积降水开始—维持—结束的一个短时(临近)预报因子。VWP产品中大风区底高的变化,有助于判断雷达站附近降水的变化趋势。  相似文献   

Vertical Structure in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer and its Implication for the Inertial Dissipation Method     

Anna Sjöblom  Ann-Sofi Smedman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,109(1):1-25

The structure of the marine atmospheric boundarylayer and the validity ofMonin–Obukhov similarity theory over the seahave been investigated using longterm measurements. Three levels of turbulencemeasurements (at 10 m, 18 mand 26 m) at Östergarnsholm in themiddle of the Baltic Sea have beenanalysed. The results show that turbulentparameters have a strong dependenceon the actual height due to wave influence.The wind profile and thus thenormalised wind gradient are very sensitiveto wave state. The lower part of theboundary layer can be divided into three heightlayers, a wave influenced layerclose to the surface, a transition layer andan undisturbed ordinary surfacelayer; the depth of the layers is determinedby the wave state. This heightstructure can, however, not be found for thenormalised dissipation, which is onlya function of the stability, except duringpronounced swell where the actualheight also has to be accounted for. Theresults have implications for the heightvariation of the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) budget. Thus, the imbalancebetween production and dissipation willalso vary with height according to thevariation of wave state. This, in turn,will of course have strong implicationsfor the inertial dissipation method, inwhich a parameterisation of the TKEbudget is used.  相似文献   

Development and validation of a metallic haunch seismic retrofit solution for existing under‐designed RC frame buildings     

Stefano Pampanin  Constantin Christopoulos  Te‐Hsiu Chen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(14):1739-1766

The feasibility and efficiency of a seismic retrofit solution for existing reinforced concrete frame systems, designed before the introduction of modern seismic‐oriented design codes in the mid 1970s, is conceptually presented and experimentally investigated. A diagonal metallic haunch system is introduced at the beam–column connections to protect the joint panel zone from extensive damage and brittle shear mechanisms, while inverting the hierarchy of strength within the beam–column subassemblies and forming a plastic hinge in the beam. A complete step‐by‐step design procedure is suggested for the proposed retrofit strategy to achieve the desired reversal of strength hierarchy. Analytical formulations of the internal force flow at the beam–column‐joint level are derived for the retrofitted joints. The study is particularly focused on exterior beam–column joints, since it is recognized that they are the most vulnerable, due to their lack of a reliable joint shear transfer mechanism. Results from an experimental program carried out to validate the concept and the design procedure are also presented. The program consisted of quasi‐static cyclic tests on four exterior, ? scaled, beam–column joint subassemblies, typical of pre‐1970 construction practice using plain round bars with end‐hooks, with limited joint transverse reinforcement and detailed without capacity design considerations. The first (control specimen) emulated the as‐built connection while the three others incorporated the proposed retrofitted configurations. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solution for upgrading non‐seismically designed RC frames and also confirmed the applicability of the proposed design procedure and of the analytical derivations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Velocity distribution in a gradually accelerating free surface flow     

Shu-Qing Yang  Wei-Lin Xu  Guo-Liang Yu   《Advances in water resources》2006,29(12):1969-1980

This study investigates the interaction of the vertical velocity v and the streamwise velocity u in a gradually accelerating flow. The analytical result shows that the momentum of uv driven by the mean velocities in a non-uniform flow is not negligible. This additional momentum directly results in the concave profiles of Reynolds shear stress in gradually accelerating flows, a departure from the expected linear profile. Consequently, this momentum causes the maximum velocity to be located below the free surface, i.e., the dip-phenomenon. This paper investigated the interactions of the Reynolds shear stress, non-zero vertical velocity and dip-phenomenon, it is found that the non-zero vertical velocity causes the dip-phenomenon. The approach is tested using the experimental data of Song and others, and good agreements between the predicted and measured velocity profiles have been achieved.  相似文献   

Seasonal fluctuations in the deep central equatorial Atlantic Ocean: a data–model comparison     

Virginie Thierry  Herlé Mercier  Anne Marie Treguier 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(5-6):581-593

Low-frequency current fluctuations in the deep central equatorial Atlantic are analyzed using current meter measurements recorded from November 1992 to November 1994. Current meters were located at about 14°W of longitude and 1° of latitude on both sides of the equator between 1,700 m depth and the ocean bottom. At all sampling depths, the velocity fluctuations are dominantly zonal and symmetrical with respect to the equator. At 1,700 and 2,000 m, the flow is dominated by annual period fluctuations, at 3,000 m, the velocity field amplitude presents a minimum, and at 3,750 and 3,950 m, the flow is modulated by annual and semiannual period variability. The annual signal exhibits an apparent upward phase propagation. When considering the phase and the amplitude of the seasonal fluctuations, the data compare well with the outputs of a realistic numerical simulation of the Atlantic Ocean. Together with a previous analysis of the model simulations, this supports the idea that the observed annual fluctuations are due to wind-forced vertically propagating Kelvin and Rossby waves. Data and model do not provide deciding evidences of the presence of semiannual equatorial waves deeper than 3,500 m depth in the central equatorial Atlantic Ocean.  相似文献   

双平面T型方管加强节点的承载力性能研究     

王新武 《世界地震工程》2007,23(3):129-132

通过有限元软件ANSYS对双平面T型方管相贯焊接加强节点轴力和弯矩作用下的极限承载力进行了数值模拟研究，采用的加强方式在主管内部设置纵向加劲肋。研究结果表明这种加强方式对于双平面T型节点的单项承载力都有不同程度的提高作用，且提高幅度与几何参数有关。  相似文献   

自相似型各向异性自组织介质中地震波场动力学响应   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘永霞  徐涛  赵兵  刘春成 《地球物理学报》2007,50(1):221-232

地下岩石结构/构造和矿物组成在小尺度上存在的不均匀性和各向异性会导致地震波速度的分形分布，进而衍生出自组织介质模型. 本文针对地球内部岩浆垂向侵入及横向溢流为特征的岩浆作用，开展自相似型各向异性自组织介质的地震波动力学响应研究. 基于二维自组织介质模型和声波方程，本文利用有限差分法模拟了不同强度岩浆侵入和溢流作用形成的自组织介质中地震波场，并进行了波场特征分析. 研究结果表明：（1）在横向溢流作用为主的自组织介质中，横向相关长度小于地震波波长的条件下，聚焦效应随着横向相关长度的增大而增强，地震波能量随之增强；反之，在横向相关长度大于地震波波长的条件下，散射效应随横向相关长度的增大而增强，地震波能量随之减弱. （2）在垂向侵入作用为主的自组织介质中，随着垂向相关长度增大，散射效应增强，地震波的能量也随之迅速减弱. （3）岩浆作用的自组织强度增强，地震波的能量增大，而中心频率无变化. （4）自组织介质具有相同的小尺度扰动，其速度梯度背景越小，地震波能量在炮点附近越集中. （5）当多层自组织介质共存，特征层位的波场特征仍以各自的自组织特性为主，因此利用实际资料中不同层位的地震反射特征可推测地下介质的自组织性质.  相似文献   

On the Correlation between Convective Plume Updrafts and Downdrafts,Lidar Reflectivity and Depolarization Ratio     

Fabien Gibert  Juan Cuesta  Jun-Ichi Yano  Nicolas Arnault  Pierre H. Flamant 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(3):553-573

We question the correlation between vertical velocity (w) on the one hand and the occurrence of convective plumes in lidar reflectivity (i.e. range corrected backscatter signal Pz ²) and depolarization ratio (Δ) on the other hand in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Thermal vertical motion is directly investigated using vertical velocities measured by a ground-based Doppler lidar operating at 2 μm. This lidar provides also simultaneous measurements of lidar reflectivity. In addition, a second lidar 200 m away provides reflectivities at 0.53 and 1 μm and depolarization ratio at 0.53 μm. The time series from the two lidars are analyzed in terms of linear correlation coefficient (ρ). The main result is that the plume-like structures provided by lidar reflectivity within the CBL as well as the CBL height are not a clear signature of updrafts. It is shown that the lidar reflectivity within the CBL is frequently anti-correlated (ρ (w, Pz ² )) with the vertical velocity. On the contrary, the correlation coefficient between the depolarization ratio and the vertical velocity ρ (w, Δ ) is always positive, showing that the depolarization ratio is a fair tracer of updrafts. The importance of relative humidity on the correlation coefficient is discussed. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

2004年初春武汉机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程分析     

黄艳芳 《湖北气象》2007,26(1):73-77

使用常规地面和高空原始报文资料,采用最优插值法,对2004年4月29日出现在武汉天河机场临近的两次强雷暴天气过程进行了客观诊断分析。结果表明:两次强雷暴天气,前一次为典型的飑线天气过程,后一次为超级雷暴单体天气过程;高空槽、冷锋、中尺度低值系统是当天两次强雷暴天气的触发机制;低空深厚湿层(水汽丰富)、高低空存在急流强风带对当日飑线天气的形成和发展较为有利,强的不稳定层结、强的环境风垂直切变以及上层干、下层湿的湿度层结对当天超级雷暴单体的形成和发展十分有利。  相似文献   

GPS应用于垂直位移监测的方案设计及数据处理方法     

莫乃鹤  李向新 《国土资源信息化》2007,(2):28-30

本文主要研究了GPS变形监测中垂直位移的问题。通过对误差分析,建立GPS大地高高差平差模型,以便提高GPS变形监测在垂直位移方向上的精度。从而真正的达到GPS三维监测。  相似文献