湘桂及其邻区裂谷与铀成矿   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康自立  沈金瑞 《矿产与地质》1994,8(2):93-96

裂谷是地壳演化过程中一种重要的构造形式，并表现出特定的成矿地质构造环境。湘桂地区在中晚元古代以来就经历了几次地壳裂解，控制了区内多旋回地槽的发展，至广西运动才完成基底的统一，转化为相对稳定的地台区。晚古生代，由于受到古特权斯和西太平洋构造活动的影响，使广布的台地陆表海产生一系列台沟，形成了一套含火山物质的深水相沉积建造，控制了区内有关矿产的形成和富铀地层的产出，印支运动使区内海盆关闭，地壳抬升并转化为地洼区。中、新生代出现了强烈的构造一岩浆活动，以及相间出现的伸展构造盆地，是区内铀矿床形成的主要时期。  相似文献   

雷琼第四纪火山活动的新认识   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

黄镇国  蔡福祥 《热带地理》1994,14(1):1-10

本文根据７６个岩石样品的年龄和１０７个钻孔剖面的对比，认为本区第四纪火山活动可分为６期，并具有以喷溢为主，多旋回，从海相向陆相转变的，文中以较多的岩石学证据论证了岩浆源地和火山构造环境，同时从板块构造观点论述了雷琼裂谷的发育阶段和火山活动兴衰过程。  相似文献   

伊舒地堑的构造-沉积演化及其聚油条件          下载免费PDF全文

周永胜  王东坡  杨丙中  孙春岩  郭少斌 《沉积与特提斯地质》1993,(5):1-15

伊舒地堑早第三纪盆地的结构、充填形式和充填序列以及区域构造格局表明,它属于我国东北部(东部)新生代裂谷系中的一部分,其发育级别低于辽河裂谷盆地带,而优于佳伊地堑北段,为一初始裂谷盆地。该盆地经历了裂谷前隆升剥蚀(晚白垩—古新世)、张裂深陷(始新世)、充填淤积(渐新世)和后期改造(早第三纪末)四个阶段的演化。与我国东部其它新生代裂谷盆地的演化近同时同步。地堑中5000多米厚的早第三纪陆相沉积物具有良好的生储油条件。同时地堑的构造-沉积演化决定了所形成的油气藏具有个体多而细小的特点,在有利的油气聚集区形成复式油田。  相似文献   

忻州盆地和贝加尔裂谷带医疗矿水水化学相似性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王焰新  陈德隆 《地球科学》1993,18(5):661-670

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滇中地区晚三叠世的重力流沉积及其地质意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴根耀  矢野孝雄 《大地构造与成矿学》1993,17(4):305-313

上三叠统云南驿组一段下部是钙质浊积岩,上部为陆源碎屑浊积岩及少量火山碎屑浊积岩;二段的角砾状灰岩有坍塌和重力滑动两种成因,夹钙质浊积岩。罗家大山组一段由火山碎屑质的碎屑流、浊流和颗粒流沉积组成,夹基性熔岩。它们是滇中裂谷的记录,物源区在西边,构成中国西南部三叠纪古特提斯的一部分。  相似文献   

Absence of a regional surface thermal high in the Baikal rift; new insights from detailed contouring of heat flow anomalies     

Jeffrey Poort  Jan Klerkx   《Tectonophysics》2004,383(3-4):217-241

Heat flow in active tectonic zones as the Baikal rift is a crucial parameter for evaluating deep anomalous structures and lithosphere evolution. Based on the interpretation of the existing datasets, the Baikal rift has been characterized in the past by either high heat flow, or moderately elevated heat flow, or even lacking a surface heat flow anomaly. We made an attempt to better constrain the geothermal picture by a detailed offshore contouring survey of known anomalies, and to estimate the importance of observed heat flow anomalies within the regional surface heat output. A total of about 200 new and close-spaced heat flow measurements were obtained in several selected study areas in the North Baikal Basin. With an outrigged and a violin-bow designed thermoprobe of 2–3-m length, both the sediment temperature and thermal conductivity were measured. The new data show at all investigated sites that the large heat flow highs are limited to local heat flow anomalies. The maximum measured heat flow reaches values of 300–35000 mW/m², but the extent of the anomalies is not larger than 2 to 4 km in diameter. Aside of these local anomalies, heat flow variations are restricted to near background values of 50–70 mW/m², except in the uplifted Academician zone. The extent of the local anomalies excludes a conductive source, and therefore heat transport by fluids must be considered. In a conceptual model where all bottom floor heat flow anomalies are the result of upflowing fluids along a conduit, an extra heat output of 20 MW (including advection) is estimated for all known anomalies in the North Baikal Basin. Relative to a basal heat flow of 55–65 mW/m², these estimations suggest an extra heat output in the northern Lake Baikal of only 5%, corresponding to a regional heat flow increase of 3 mW/m². The source of this heat can be fully attributed to a regional heat redistribution by topographically driven ground water flow. Thus, the surface heat flow is not expected to bear a signal of deeper lithospheric thermal anomalies that can be separated from heat flow typical for orogenically altered crust (40–70 mW/m²). The new insights on the geothermal signature in the Baikal rift once more show that continental rifting is not by default characterized by high heat flow.  相似文献   

Landscape development in an hyperarid sandstone environment along the margins of the Dead Sea fault: Implications from dated rock falls     

A. Matmon  Y. Shaked  N. Porat  Y. Enzel  R. Finkel  N. Lifton  E. Boaretto  A. Agnon 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):803-817

In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal relations between boulders and their original in-situ locations on sandstone bedrock cliffs. This was accomplished by combining field observations with dating methods using cosmogenic isotopes (¹⁰Be and ¹⁴C) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Our conclusions bear both on the landscape evolution and cliff retreat process in the hyperarid region of Timna and on the methodology of estimating exposure ages using cosmogenic isotopes.

We recognize three discrete rock fall events, at 31 ka, 15 ka, and 4 ka. In this hyperarid region, the most plausible triggering mechanism for rock fall events is strong ground acceleration caused by earthquakes generated by the nearby Dead Sea fault (DSF). Our record, however, under represents the regional earthquake record implying that ongoing development of detachment cracks prior to the triggering event might be slower than the earthquake cycle.

Cliff retreat rates calculated using the timing of rock fall events and estimated thickness of rock removed in each event range between 0.14 m ky^− 1 and 2 m ky^− 1. When only full cycles are considered, we derive a more realistic range of 0.4 m ky^− 1 to 0.7 m ky^− 1. These rates are an order of magnitude faster than the calculated rate of surface lowering in the area. We conclude that sandstone cliffs at Timna retreat through episodic rock fall events that preserve the sharp, imposing, landscape characteristic to this region and that ongoing weathering of the cliff faces is minor.

A 10%–20% difference in the ¹⁰Be concentrations in samples from matching boulder and cliff faces that have identical exposure histories and are located only a few meters apart indicates that cosmogenic nuclide production rates are sensitive to shielding and vary spatially over short distances. However, uncertainties associated with age calculations yielded boulder and matching cliff face ages that are similar within 1 σ . The use of external constraints in the form of field relations and OSL dating helped to establish each pair's age. The agreement between calculated ¹⁴C and ¹⁰Be ages indicates that the accumulation of ¹⁰Be at depth by the capture of slow deep-penetrating muons was properly accounted for in the study.  相似文献   

拉萨林周地区下二叠统旁多群地层层序、岩石学特征及其成因的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

纪占胜姚建新  武桂春詹立培蒋忠惕  傅渊慧 《地质学报》2005,79(4):i0001-i0003

西藏拉萨林周地区的下二叠统旁多群的地层层序以前并不十分清楚，其中“杂砾岩”的成因也争议很大。通过详细的野外地质调查和研究，在林周旁多地区新发现了其中部的含有坠石的纹层状粘土岩，并建立了旁多群中部和上部的地层序列。旁多群中部以陆源碎屑少、悬浮泥质为主的欠补偿深水盆地相沉积为特征，而上部以陆源碎屑丰富的滨、浅海相沉积为特征。旁多群自下而上反映了两期岩浆构造事件：第一期发生在该群中部沉积之初，伴随着基性玄武岩的喷发，该群中部沉积时，盆地进入裂谷鼎盛时期，随后进入以旁多群上部为代表的裂谷充填阶段；第二期构造事件可能发生在旁多群和乌鲁龙组沉积之交，乌鲁龙组沉积物中含有大量的长石碎屑、火山岩岩屑和凝灰质沉积岩，指示这期岩浆构造活动的存在。旁多群中的坠石沉积指示旁多群的形成背景是裂谷构造环境下的冰海相。旁多群中的杂砾岩按照成因可以划分为：具有正粒序结构的杂砾岩，为重力流沉积岩，反映侧向水流的搬运；不具有正粒序结构的厚层块状、含有坠石沉积的杂砾岩，为水下冰碛岩，反映冰川、冰筏作用存在，指示大陆上有冰川作用。这种分类和命名有助于石炭-二叠纪冰川发育过程和旋回性的研究，也有助于提高冰海相地层的划分和对比的可靠性和精度。  相似文献   

A test of models of fluvial architecture and palaeosol development: Camp Rice Formation (Upper Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene), southern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, USA     

GREG H. MACK  RISA D. MADOFF 《Sedimentology》2005,52(1):191-211

Numerical, experimental and theoretical models of fluvial architecture and palaeosol development are tested with outcrops of Upper Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene sediment in the southern Rio Grande rift, New Mexico. The sediment was deposited and subsequently exhumed in the Jornada del Muerto basin, a westward-tilted half graben whose footwall corresponds to the Rincon Hills and San Diego Mountain fault blocks. The axial river, the ancestral Rio Grande, shared time between the Jornada del Muerto basin and the adjacent Corralitos basin. The ancestral Rio Grande entered the Jornada del Muerto basin via a gap between the footwall blocks, periodically flowing southward towards San Diego Mountain, or making a broad northward sweep into the northern fluvial salient towards the Rincon Hills fault block and unfaulted northern edge of the basin. Ten logged sections up to 35 m thick are correlated using the top of the formation (La Mesa surface), a 1·59 Ma pumice conglomerate, and a ground-water carbonate/opal bed. Additionally, one of the sections is dated by reversal magnetostratigraphy. Consistent with the model of Bridge & Leeder (1979 ) and Bridge & Mackey (1993a ), differential tilting of the Jornada del Muerto half graben resulted in sections directly adjacent to the faults that consist almost exclusively of multistorey channel sands/sandstones, whereas more distal sections contain a greater proportion of crevasse-splay fine sand and overbank mudstone and calcic palaeosols. Along the axis of the northern fluvial salient, a northward decrease in channel/floodplain ratio, a decrease in channel recurrence interval from 171 kyr to 685 kyr, and an increase in the maturity of calcic palaeosols are consistent with southward tilt of the unfaulted northern edge of the basin. An upsection decrease in sediment accumulation rate in the northern fluvial salient from 0·036 mm/ yr to 0·017 mm/ yr corresponds to an increase in the ratio of channel/floodplain facies and in the number of multistorey channel sands/sandstones, and is consistent with the model of Bridge & Leeder (1979 ) in which avulsion frequency is independent of sediment accumulation rate. Stage II and III calcic palaeosols indicate 10³−10⁵ year of landscape stability and soil formation between periods of floodplain deposition in response not only to basin tilting but also because the ancestral Rio Grande had multiple paths within the Jornada del Muerto basin and shared time between the Corralitos and Jornada del Muerto basins.  相似文献   

Unconventional distribution of facies in a continental rift basin: the Pliocene–Pleistocene Mangas Basin, south-western New Mexico, USA     

GREG H. MACK  DEANNA M. STOUT 《Sedimentology》2005,52(6):1187-1205

The Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Mangas Basin in SW New Mexico, USA, was a N–NW-trending full graben that changed southward to an eastward-tilted half graben. Unlike the facies distribution predicted in existing models, the half-graben part of the Mangas Basin was characterized by broad alluvial fans derived from the footwall scarp, smaller hangingwall-derived alluvial fans, and a shallow, closed lake (Lake Buckhorn) that locally lapped onto the hangingwall hills. The distribution of facies within the full-graben part of the Mangas Basin was also unlike that predicted in current models, primarily because of a broad belt of alluvial-fan sediment derived from the eastern footwall scarp and a narrow belt of axial-fluvial sediment adjacent to the western footwall scarp. The distribution of facies in the Mangas Basin does not appear to have been controlled by the eastward tilt of the floor of the half graben or ‘see-saw’ motion of the floor of the full graben, as predicted by existing models, but rather by the large size of the alluvial fans on the eastern side of the basin. These fans were derived from large, high-relief catchments on the footwall scarp of the Mogollon Mountains, the uplift of which began during Early Miocene. This example illustrates how earlier uplift and drainage development in a mountain range may influence facies distribution in a younger extensional basin.  相似文献