冰封期水动力水质模型在松花江水污染事件中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙少晨  魏怀斌  肖伟华  周祖昊  王浩  贺华翔 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(5):1548-1553

根据研究流域特点建立了冰封期水动力水质模型,结合冰封期水位测量的特点,对水位模拟结果进行了修正,分别利用2006和2007年水文监测数据对模型进行了率定和验证,利用模型对2005年松花江硝基苯水污染事件进行模拟。计算结果表明:建立的冰封期水动力水质模型能够很好地适用于该地区,部分断面硝基苯质量浓度峰值的相对误差为5%~13%,峰值出现时间的绝对误差为2~3 h。利用模型预测了上游边界流量增加20%及减少5%对水质的影响,结果表明:流量增加导致污染团峰值提前22 h到达摆渡河断面,硝基苯质量浓度峰值降低了15%,流量减少导致峰值延迟6 h到达摆渡河断面,质量浓度峰值升高了4.6%。  相似文献   

陆地天然气水合物孔底冷冻取样方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郭威  孙友宏  陈晨  张祖培 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(4):1116-1120

如何获得品质优良的原状样品成为探明陆地天然气水合物赋存条件与储量的关键技术之一。在分析天然气水合物热物理性质和温压特性的基础上,采用主动式降温的方法,通过外部冷源在孔底降低水合物岩心温度,降低水合物的临界分解压力,抑制水合物分解,获得水合物保真样品：据此提出了天然气水合物孔底冷冻取样方法。设计的取样器总体结构由单动机构、控制机构和制冷机构组成,其工作原理主要为孔底冷冻岩心和地表取心,同时分析计算了取样器冷冻岩心所需的能量。通过钻探取样试验钻获冷冻岩心,证明天然气水合物孔底冷冻取样方法能够实现孔底冷冻岩样。该方法可以应用于天然气水合物保真取样。  相似文献   

和田地区红柳大芸冻害调查研究     

艾尼瓦尔·依沙木丁  阿不都艾尼·买斯地克 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2010,4(3):52-54

2008年年初的低温、连阴降雪、冰冻天气使和田地区各县(市)的红柳大芸受到不同程度的冻害。通过对和田地区红柳大芸冻害情况进行调查分析,提出科学的接种深度和灌溉管理以及应采取的防护措施。  相似文献   

中国冻土对气候变化的脆弱性     

杨建平  杨岁桥  李曼  谭春萍 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1436-1445

冻土的脆弱性是指冻土对气候变化的脆弱性,是冻土易受气候变化,尤其是温度变化不利影响的程度. 研究冻土对气候变化的脆弱性是提高对自然生态系统、工程系统、生态-社会-经济系统对冻土变化影响的脆弱性的认知,科学适应冻土变化诸种影响的前提和基础. 基于科学性与实际相结合的原则、全面性与主导性原则、可操作性原则,以暴露度、敏感性与适应能力为标准,遴选构建了我国冻土脆弱性评价指标体系. 借助RS与GIS技术平台,使用空间主成分方法,构建了冻土脆弱性指数模型,在区域尺度上综合评价了冻土的脆弱性. 依据自然分类法,将冻土脆弱性分为潜在脆弱、轻度脆弱、中度脆弱、强度脆弱与极强度脆弱5级. 结果表明：总体上我国冻土以中度脆弱为主,但青藏高原多年冻土对气候变化尤为脆弱;冻土脆弱性具有显著的地域分布特点,青藏高原、西部高山、东北多年冻土区脆弱性相对较高,季节冻土区相对较低. 与季节冻土相比,多年冻土对气候变化更脆弱. 在当前升温幅度条件下,冻土脆弱程度主要取决于冻土的地形暴露与冻土对气候变化的适应能力.  相似文献   

概率性分析在黄土场地动力沉降评价中的应用     

孙军杰  田文通  徐舜华  刘琨  王兰民  牛富俊 《岩土力学》2013,34(8):2158-2164

天然黄土动残余应变研究主要依赖室内动三轴试验,如何将有限室内试验数据合理地应用于场地动力沉降的定量评价,是岩土地震工程领域中研究涉足尚少的重要科学问题。应用概率统计与蒙特卡洛模拟等非确定性分析方法,借助综合考虑固结应力、结构强度、空间体积特性和地震动荷载等动残余应变关键影响参量的估算模型,提出有效弱化土体物性参量不确定性（离散性与随机性）的场地动力沉降概率性评价的思路与方法。应用结果显示,利用该方法得出的场地动力沉降的概率分布特征,能够反映天然黄土动残余应变的基本认知特点,对明晰地震作用下天然黄土场地精细动力沉降特性以及据此采用适当合理的地基处理方法,具有理论意义与实用价值。  相似文献   

CAWS600型自动气象站地温故障的诊断与处理     

李永军  陈科艺  李林  尹雪梅 《成都信息工程学院学报》2013,28(4):342-346

自动气象站仪器设备的维护和保障是地面气象观测业务运行中的一项重要工作。为了能快速、准确地诊断并处理自动气象站地温故障,确保自动气象站平稳、高效运行,按照CAWS600型自动气象站地温数据采集逆向的故障诊断原则,依次对自动气象站软件参数设置、通信系统、RS232数据采集器、防雷板及信号电缆、地温变送器和地温传感器6个环节进行故障诊断,并依次介绍相应故障的处理方法。在业务运行中,地温故障的诊断和处理存在较大难度,主要是由于缺乏全面系统的诊断方法,结果表明,采用与地温数据采集逆向的故障诊断和处理方法能快速、准确地诊断和处理地温故障。  相似文献   

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吕志鹏伍吉仓  孟国杰 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(6):126-129

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Enrichment of seismic ground motion databases using Karhunen–Loève expansion     

Irmela Zentner  Fabrice Poirion 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(14):1945-1957

Best estimate seismic analysis are generally based on time‐domain simulations of structural responses. The seismic load is then modeled by a stochastic process representing ground motion. For this purpose, the analyst can use recorded accelerograms or work with synthetically generated ones. The number of ground motion time‐histories available for a given scenario and site condition is limited and generally not sufficient for carrying out more advanced probabilistic structural response analysis. It is then necessary to have at our disposal methods that allow for generating synthetic accelerograms that realistically characterize earthquake ground motions. However, most of the methods proposed in literature for generating synthetic accelerograms do not accurately reproduce the natural variability of ground motion parameters (such as PGA, cumulative absolute velocity, and Arias intensity) observed for recorded time histories. In this paper, we introduce a new method for generating synthetic ground motion, based on Karhunen‐Loève decomposition and a non‐Gaussian stochastic model. The proposed method enables the structural analyst to simulate ground motion time histories featuring the properties mentioned above. To demonstrate its capability, we study the influence of the simulation method on different ground motion parameters and on soil response spectra. We finally compute fragility curves to illustrate the practical application of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of spatially varying effect of ground motions on bridge pounding     

Bo Li  Kaiming Bi  Nawawi Chouw  John W. Butterworth  Hong Hao 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(14):1959-1976

Pounding between adjacent bridge structures with insufficient separation distance has been identified as one of the primary causes of damage in many major earthquakes. It takes place because the closing relative movement is larger than the structural gap provided between the structures. This relative structural response is controlled not only by the dynamic properties of the participating structures but also by the characteristics of the ground excitations. The consequence of the spatial variation of ground motions has been studied by researchers; however, most of these studies were performed numerically. The objective of the present research is to experimentally evaluate the influence of spatial variation of ground motions on the pounding behaviour of three adjacent bridge segments. The investigation is performed using three shake tables. The input spatially varying ground excitations are simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock using an empirical coherency loss function. Results confirm that the spatially nonniform ground motions increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic interaction of bridge–train system under non‐uniform seismic ground motion     

X. T. Du  Y. L. Xu  H. Xia 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(1):139-157

The probability that an earthquake occurs when a train is running over a bridge in earthquake‐prone regions is much higher than before, for high‐speed railway lines are rapidly developed to connect major cities worldwide. This paper presents a finite element method‐based framework for dynamic analysis of coupled bridge–train systems under non‐uniform seismic ground motion, in which rail–wheel interactions and possible separations between wheels and rails are taken into consideration. The governing equations of motion of the coupled bridge–train system are established in an absolute coordinate system. Without considering the decomposition of seismic responses into pseudo‐static and inertia‐dynamic components, the equations of motion of the coupled system are formed in terms of displacement seismic ground motions. The mode superposition method is applied to the bridge structure to make the problem manageable while the Newmark‐β method with an iterative computation scheme is used to find the best solution for the problem concerned. Eight high‐speed trains running over a multi‐span steel truss‐arch bridge subject to earthquakes are taken as a case study. The results from the case study demonstrate that the spatial variation of seismic ground motion affects dynamic responses of the bridge–train system. The ignorance of pseudo‐static component when using acceleration seismic ground motions as input may underestimate seismic responses of the bridge–train system. The probability of separation between wheels and rails becomes higher with increasing train speed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献