埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶发育的微生物机理     

张凤娥  张胜  齐继祥  张云  宋淑红 《地球科学》2010,35(1):146-154

针对我国广泛分布的碳酸盐-硫酸盐岩混合建造,选择其中的硫酸盐岩作为研究对象,通过室内水-岩和水-岩-细菌两个封闭系统的硫酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验,模拟了细菌数、温度、时间等因素对反应系统水化学组分的影响,研究了两个系统内的地球化学作用.结果表明,水-岩系统内发生的是硫酸盐岩溶解作用;水-岩-细菌系统内发生了细菌硫酸盐还原作用和细菌硫酸盐还原驱动的硫酸盐岩溶解作用,导致埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶的发育,进而增强了与硫酸盐岩共生的碳酸盐岩的渗透性.研究成果开拓了油气储层古岩溶研究的新思路.   相似文献   

长白山小天池和长白瀑布水体典型样本的细菌多样性比较     

张修源  苗雨雁  顾政权  刘风香 《世界地质》2017,36(2):632-642

水体中微生物对环境的改变有着敏感的响应。16S rRNA基因克隆文库可以同时反映标本中的细菌种类和各种细菌的相对比例。本研究构建环境样品16S rRNA基因的克隆文库,解析长白山小天池入水口和长白瀑布下水潭两个典型水体样本中的细菌种属多样性特征,并探讨其与水体性质的关系。小天池文库共获得89条16S rRNA基因序列,分别属于10个类群,其中Betaproteobacteria是主要类群(占总数的23.6%)。长白瀑布文库共获得88条序列,分别属于8个类群,以Betaproteobacteria为主要类群(占总数的35.2%)。Bacteroidetes、Betaproteobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria和Gammaproteobacteria是两个样本共有的优势类群,而Deltaproteobacteria、Acidobacteria和Armatimonadetes只在小天池入水口处检出。长白瀑布水潭中的细菌群落多样性明显偏低,种群均匀度指数也较低,但两样本的地理距离极短,认为人类活动可能是导致这种差异的原因。  相似文献   

Temporospatial dynamics and public health significance of bacterial flora identified on a major leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting beach in the Southern Caribbean          下载免费PDF全文

Ayanna Carla N. Phillips  Johanna Coutou  Stacy Rajh  Neville Stewart  Antonio Watson  Adam Jehu  Hamish Asmath  Francis Dziva  Chandrashekhar Unakal  Ridley Holder  Raymond Raoul Carthy 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

Grande Riviere beach, on the island of Trinidad, supports the largest nesting population of leatherback turtles in the Caribbean region. Throughout the nesting season, nests are naturally disturbed by newly nesting females, resulting in egg breakage and loss of some nest viability. This environment is ideal for the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. The range of bacterial flora present in beach sand and egg shells was examined, with emphasis on bacteria that may pose a threat to public and animal health. The extent to which the bacterial load and genera on the beach changed throughout the season was also assessed. Twenty‐five genera were identified, with Pseudomonas spp. found to be the most predominant environmental bacteria. Four genera identified possess zoonotic potential, while five additional genera are known to be of public and animal health significance. Distinct shifts in the density and distribution of bacteria were observed along the beach from early to peak nesting season. Shifts were seen across heavily traversed zones, thus highlighting the potential exposure threats posed to beach visitors and animals alike. Further studies aimed at speciating this population of bacteria, as well as isolating potential fungal pathogens may mitigate this threat. Identification of bacterial agents that are specifically pathogenic to leatherback turtles, turtle eggs, hatchlings and those who may interact with these animals will serve to enhance and guide efforts to better conserve this species and protect the health of all who visit this ecologically significant site.  相似文献   

Diversity of bacteria isolated from crustacea larvae and their rearing water     

Haryanti  Ketut Sugama  Toshitaka Nishijima 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(1):49-52

1　Introduction　Blacktigershrimp (Penaeusmonodon)isthemajorshrimpspeciesculturedinIndonesia .Itsculturehasbecomemoreintensivebecauseofitshighdemandandeconomicvalue .Infact,shrimpexporthasyieldedthehighestIndonesianincomeinfisherysector .Itwasestimatedthattheproductionofculturedshrimpwas 80 0 0 0metrictonnesin 1995 .Consequently ,theneedforthefryforstockingpondculturesteadilyin creased .Thetotalnumberoffryrequiredwasabout 6millionperyear (FAO ,1995 )and 90 %oftherequiredanimalswereobtained…  相似文献   

去除地下水芳香烃污染物:实验室含水层土柱研究     

吴玉成  钟佐燊  陈亮 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2000,30(1):61-64

芳香烃污染地下水以其污染普遍、危害巨大、去除困难及治理费用昂贵而倍受各国环境学者及水文地质学者的关注。以苯及甲苯作为标示污染物,利用室内饱水含水层土柱,通过对污染带的模拟实验发现,苯和甲苯在反硝化条件下产生生物降解,二者的去除率分别大于７７％和８８％;反硝化条件下,苯和甲苯显示出降解性差异,甲苯更易于降解;硫酸还原作用可能是苯和甲苯被去除的另一机理,但实验结果显示,ＮＯ－３高时,对硫酸还原菌的生长具有抑制作用。  相似文献   

Chemical reduction of nitrate by nanoscale Fe/Ni bimetallic particles     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):111-112

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Composition and Evolution of Hydrogen Isotopes of n-Akanes Generated from Anhydrous Pyrolysis of Sediments from Lake Gahai,Gannan, China     

DUAN Yi  WU Yingzhong  XING Lantian  LI Zhongping  ZHANG Ting 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(5):1725-1735

To understand the thermal evolution of lacustrine sedimentary n-alkane hydrogen isotopic composition (δD), especially bacterially derived n-alkanes, anhydrous thermal simulation experiments were performed with sediments from Lake Gahai (Gannan, China). We analyzed the original and pyrolysis-generated n-alkanes and their δD values. The results showed that thermal maturity and n-alkane origins significantly affected the distribution of pyrolysis-generated n-alkanes. In immature to post-mature sediments, the bacterial-derived medium-chain n-alkanes generally had depleted δD values. The maximum difference in average δD values between the bacterial-and herbaceous plant-derived medium-chain n-alkanes was 32‰, and the maximum difference in δD values among individual n-alkanes was 59‰. We found that the average δD value of pyrolysis-generated n-alkanes from different latitude was significantly different in immature to highly mature sediments, but similar in post-mature ssediments. The hydrogen isotopes of sedimentary n-alkanes can be used as indicators for paleoclimate/paleo-environment conditions only when sediments are immature to highly mature. During thermal evolution, the δD value of generated individual n-alkanes and the average δD value increased with thermal maturity, indicating that hydrogen isotopes of sedimentary n-alkanes can be used as an index of organic matter maturity. We established mathematical models of average δD values of generated n-alkanes from immature to post-mature sediments using nC21?/nC21+ and average chain lengths. These results improve our understanding of the distribution and δD value of sedimentary n-alkanes derived from herbaceous plants in mid-latitude plateau cold regions.  相似文献   

三份南海岛礁珊瑚砂样品中可培养细菌多样性     

李存  崔林青  杨红强  龙丽娟  田新朋 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(2):149-158

岛礁珊瑚砂环境中存在着大量未被培养和利用的微生物资源, 微生物多样性研究是了解微生物生态功能、开发和利用微生物资源的基础。文章采用多种寡营养培养基选择性分离南海岛礁珊瑚砂中的可培养细菌, 共获得纯培养细菌菌株349株, 通过16S rRNA基因序列分析, 发现它们隶属于4门(Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes)、6纲、26目、43科、73属、134种, 可培养细菌的优势类群为放线菌门, 占所有分离菌株数量的60%; 而且还发现18个16S rRNA 基因序列相似性低于97%的潜在新种。本研究使用改良优化的寡营养培养基进行分离, 较好地显示出样品中微生物的群落组成, 且获得了大量潜在的稀有新物种资源。研究结果表明, 岛礁珊瑚砂样品的可培养细菌资源十分丰富、细菌群落所涉及的生态功能完整、潜在新种比例较高, 为后期岛礁微生物资源挖掘打下了良好的基础, 也为后期开发应用积累了丰富且稀有的菌种资源。  相似文献   

别样玫瑰变色杆菌(Aliiroseovarius sp.)Z3基因组测序及比较基因组分析     

刘巍  郭海朋  董鹏生  燕孟琛  张德民 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):52-61

菌株Z3是一株从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道样品中分离出的细菌。本研究利用Illumina HiSeq测序平台对其进行了测序, 用SOAPdenovo等软件进行基因组组装、系统发育分析、基因预测和功能注释, 并与别样玫瑰变色杆菌属(Aliiroseovarius)已知的5个种的模式株进行了比较基因组分析。基因组注释结果显示, Z3基因组大小为3525503bp, GC(guanylate and cytidylic acid)含量为59.4%, 预测包含3509个编码蛋白基因。通过16S rRNA基因全长序列比对、平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)、DNA-DNA杂交(DDH)和共线性分析发现, 菌株Z3与Aliiroseovarius crassostreae CV919-312T的16S rRNA基因全长序列相似度最高, 为98.20%, 与Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris DSM 29439T的DDH和ANI值最高, 分别为26.80%和84.95%, 属于Alliroseovarius属的新种, 将其命名为Aliiroseovarius sp. Z3。经比较基因组分析发现, Aliiroseovarius sp. Z3与5个近缘的模式株细菌共享2005个直系同源核心基因簇; Z3拥有的413个独立基因经注释, 主要与碳水化合物转运与代谢、氨基酸转运与代谢、复制、重组及修复等功能相关。功能注释发现Z3具有进行完整的反硝化途径的相关基因, 其利用的可能是环境中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐等。本研究对Z3全基因序列的注释、功能和比较基因组的分析, 不仅丰富了Aliiroseovarius属细菌基因组资源, 还为深入研究其反硝化特性等提供了基础。  相似文献   

海水反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率同步测定的15N示踪法及其应用     

郑敏芳  ;陈敏  ;曾健  ;曹建平  ;邱雨生 《台湾海峡》2014,(2):266-274

反硝化与厌氧氨氧化作用是海洋结合态氮迁出的主要途径,15N示踪法是定量反硝化和厌氧氨氧化作用的新方法,它具有灵敏度高、可同步测量反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率的优点.本研究开展了一系列方法学实验,以确定高纯氦气驱赶水样所含气体的时间、超声赶气时间、同位素比值质谱仪测量N2含量的精度、N2含量及其同位素组成测定的工作曲线以及示踪剂的最佳添加量等,从而确立起15N示踪同步测定海水反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率的方法.所建立方法测量N2含量的相对标准偏差小于8%,可满足海洋反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率测定的需要.应用该方法实测了厦门筼筜湖富氧与缺氧水体的反硝化与厌氧氨氧化速率,结果表明,缺氧底层水的反硝化速率[4.10～5.47μmol/（dm3·d）]比富氧表层水[0.43～0.46μmol/（dm3·d）]明显来得高,但缺氧底层水的厌氧氨氧化速率[0.00～0.12μmol/（dm3·d）]则比富氧表层水的速率[0.52～0.67μmol/（dm3·d）]低得多.  相似文献