BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1988,40(3):347-378

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .  相似文献   

Upper Cretaceous depositional environments and bivalve assemblages of far-east Asia: the Himenoura Group, Kyushu, Japan     

Toshifumi Komatsu  Maiko Ono  Hajime Naruse  Taro Kumagae 《Cretaceous Research》2008,29(3):489-508

The depositional environments and bivalve assemblages are determined for the Upper Cretaceous Hinoshima Formation of the Himenoura Group, Kamishima, Amakusa Islands, Kyushu, Japan. The Hinoshima Formation is characterized by a thick transgressive succession that varies from incised-valley-fill deposits to submarine slope deposits with high aggradation rates of depositional systems. The incised valley is filled with fluvial, bayhead delta, brackish-water estuary, and marine embayment deposits, and is overlain by thick slope deposits.Shallow marine bivalves are grouped into five fossil assemblages according to species composition: Glycymeris amakusensis (foreset beds of a bayhead delta), Nippononectes tamurai (foreset beds of a bayhead delta), Ezonuculana mactraeformis–Nucula formosa (central bay), Glycymeris amakusensis–Apiotrigonia minor (slope), and Inoceramus higoensis–Parvamussium yubarensis (slope). These bivalve assemblages all represent autochthonous and parautochthonous conditions except for a Glycymeris amakusensis–Apiotrigonia minor assemblage found in debris flow and slump deposits. The life habitats of these bivalves and the compositions of the assemblages are discussed in terms of the ecological history of fossil bivalves of the mid- to Late Cretaceous.  相似文献   

环境矿物界面反应动力学   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

吴大清  刁桂仪  彭金莲  王林江  袁鹏 《岩石矿物学杂志》2001,20(4):395-398

环境矿物界面反应动力学主要探讨地表中各种有毒、有害离子或分子与矿物表面之间的反应速率与反应机制。矿物表面存在一组化学活性很强的表面功能基，当它们与环境中毒害物质发生作用时，会因其极性、荷电性和Lewis酸碱性不同而表现出不同的作用力和反应速率，进而控制有毒、有害物质在大气、水体和沉积物中的赋存形态，稳定性及迁移转化速率。本文简要介绍了环境矿物界面反应动力学理论，并给出几个应用实例。  相似文献   

湖南石门中-下三叠统碳酸盐岩岩相组合及其沉积环境研究          下载免费PDF全文

田成  乐昌硕  张瑞锡  张平  许建儿 《地球科学》1997,6(3)

首先将研究区中、下三叠统碳酸盐岩划分成２１种岩相，并分析了各种岩相的沉积条件．在此基础上，建立了９个岩相组合类型，讨论了每个岩相组合的沉积环境．最后概括总结了纵向上存在的４个沉积旋回的沉积演化特征及蒸发岩的主要沉积层位  相似文献   

Late holocene environmental change in an upper Montane area of the snowy mountains,New South Wales     

S.D. Mooney  J.R. Watson  J.R. Dodson 《The Australian geographer》1997,28(2):185-200

This study examines environmental change in the upper montane zone of the Australian Eastern Highlands during the late Holocene, by analysing vegetation, fire and erosion records contained within a small fen located in a frost hollow. Differences in environmental parameters across the prehistoric—historic boundary were particularly investigated in an attempt to characterise better the changes associated with the imposition of European land‐use practices. Decreases in arboreal pollen and an increased charcoal concentration near the base of the analysed sequence, interpreted to be about 1600 y BP until about 1300 y BP, are suggestive of reduced moisture availability. After this, a period of relative stability continued to the close of the prehistoric period. The arrival of Europeans in the region triggered changes in the sediment record, including an increase in the accumulation of sediment by an order of magnitude, and changes in the surrounding vegetation. Saturated isothermal remnant magnetism (SIRM) was found to be significantly higher in the historic period compared to the analysed prehistoric period, suggesting an alteration in the erosional processes within the catchment. The concentration of charcoal was comparable between the prehistoric and historic periods; however, the increased sedimentation rate of the historic period infers an increased accumulation of charcoal. Fire did not appear to be related to the vegetation changes evident in the historic period, perhaps due to the use of cool fires by the pastoralists.  相似文献   

Lipid biogeochemistry of Phormidium and Microcoleus mats     

Joan O. Grimalt  Rutger de Wit  Pilar Teixidor  Joan Albaigs 《Organic Geochemistry》1992,19(4-6)

A study on the predominant sources of organic matter and the main diagenetic processes in two different cyanobacterial mats from evaporite-controlled environments was performed. Fatty acids, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes were anlyzed in selected millimetre and submillimetre core sections. The changes in lipid composition were evaluated by comparison with the vertical distributions of the populations observed by optic microscopy and with the lipid patterns of enrichment cultures of species such as cyanobacteria, diatoms, purple bacteria, sulphate-reducers and methanogens obtained from the mats.The cyanobacteria Phormidium valderianum and Microcoleus chthonoplastes are the predominant primary producers, and occur almost as monocultures in the respective top layers. However, these mat-forming organisms only leave minor features in the solvent-extractable lipid sedimentary record. The predominant fatty acid distributions parallel the composition observed in the enrichment cultures of purple bacteria and appear mixed with acids characteristic of heterotrophic eubacteria such as sulphate-reducers. The concentrations of these lipids are, however, 5–10 times lower than the cyanobacterial acids from the top layer. De novo heterotrophic eubacterial synthesis is also observed in cases such as the highly branched isoprenoid eicosenes, the major hydrocarbon in the deep layers (>2 mm) of the Phormidium mat. Other major diagenetic changes involve dehydration and hydrogenation. These two processes take place concurrently under anoxic conditions and have been observed among the sterols and the isoprenoid alcohols. Significant amounts of 5ß(H)-stanols were observed in the more reducing sections where molecular indicators of methanogenic bacteria were also found.  相似文献   

砂屑岩的综合结构系数与沉积环境分析   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

宋天锐 《岩石矿物学杂志》1991,10(3):210-220

本文讨论了砂屑岩综合结构系数与沉积环境分析的实例。 这里介绍的测定砂屑岩结构成熟度的方法是在显微薄片粒度分析基础上提出的,其中包括了成熟度、分选性、颗粒圆度和岩石的杂基等多种因素。综合结构系数可按下式求得: T=(SoΦPo)/(PΦC) 因为圆度是在显微镜下的薄片中求得,因而总是比实际投影的易反映其棱角而降低了圆度,所以采用了[p02 (R-A)2]0-5来校正颗粒的圆度,于是得出了发展的综合结构系数Td:Td=SoΦ[P02 (R-A)2]0.5/(PΦC)多数情况下Td和T很接近,只是颗粒圆度非常好时才拉大差距,因此,Td可用来检验超成熟度的砂岩。 本文提出了四种成熟度阶段:不成熟的(T<10);次成熟的(T=10-40);成熟的(T=40-100);超成熟的(T或Td>100)。  相似文献   

岩石薄片资料的有序和无序模糊聚类及其沉积学意义     

龚一鸣 《矿物岩石》1990,10(1):87-93

笔者对岩石薄片资料进行了有序和无序模糊聚类，岩石薄片资料象沉积构造一样与沉积作用、沉积环境有密切的联系。但是，由于大多数的岩石薄片资料具有模糊性和灰色性，因此，这种联系一般说来不甚明显。但模糊聚类能使隐藏在这些资料中的沉积学信息清楚、白化。在沉积学和岩相古地理的研究过程中，不同类型、不同特征的资料必须用不同的理论和方法进行整理、分析，只有这样才能揭示隐藏在这些资料中的特征和规律。  相似文献   

Structural Mapping of the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone Using PALSAR Remote Sensing Data,Peninsular Malaysia: Implications for Sediment‐hosted/Orogenic Gold Mineral Systems Exploration          下载免费PDF全文

Amin Beiranvand Pour  Mazlan Hashim  Charles Makoundi  Khin Zaw 《Resource Geology》2016,66(4):368-385

The Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) of Peninsular Malaysia is one of the major structural zones in Sundaland, Southeast Asia. It forms the boundary between the Gondwana‐derived Sibumasu terrane in the west and Sukhothai Arc in the east. The BRSZ is genetically related to the sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits associated with the major lineaments in the Central Gold Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. In this investigation, the Phased Array type L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite remote sensing data were used to map major geological structures in Peninsular Malaysia and provide detailed characterization of lineaments and curvilinear structures in the BRSZ, as well as their implication for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold exploration in tropical environments. Major structural lineaments such as the Bentong‐Raub Suture Zone (BRSZ) and Lebir Fault Zone, ductile deformation related to crustal shortening, brittle disjunctive structures (faults and fractures) and collisional mountain range (Main Range granites) were detected and mapped at regional scale using PALSAR ScanSAR data. The major geological structure directions of the BRSZ were N–S, NNE–SSW, NE–SW and NW–SE, which derived from directional filtering analysis to PALSAR fine and polarimetric data. The pervasive array of N–S faults in the Central Gold Belt and surrounding terrain is mainly linked to the N–S trending of the Suture Zone. N–S striking lineaments are often cut by younger NE–SW and NW–SE‐trending lineaments. Gold mineralized trend lineaments are associated with the intersection of N–S, NE–SW, NNW–SSE and ESE–WNW faults and curvilinear features in shearing and alteration zones. Compressional tectonic structures such as the NW–SE trending thrust, ENE–WSW oriented faults in mylonite and phyllite, recumbent folds and asymmetric anticlines in argillite are high potential zones for gold prospecting in the Central Gold Belt. Three generations of folding events in Peninsular Malaysia have been recognized from remote sensing structural interpretation. Consequently, PALSAR satellite remote sensing data is a useful tool for mapping major geological structural features and detailed structural analysis of fault systems and deformation areas with high potential for sediment‐hosted/orogenic gold deposits and polymetallic vein‐type mineralization along margins of Precambrian blocks, especially for inaccessible regions in tropical environments.  相似文献   

水生细菌几种计数方法的比较   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

许兵  徐怀恕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(3)

应用吖啶橙染色直接计数(AODC)和活菌直接计数(DVC)测定了多种水环境样品中的细菌总数及活细菌数。以DVC法测定出的活细菌数较常规平板涂布培养法高2个数量级。夏季青岛沿海海水样品中以DVC法计活细菌数占总细菌数的6.57～27.07％。比较了不同浓度的酵母膏对生活污水中细菌DVC计数值的影响。  相似文献