沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤铬污染分布及形态研究          下载免费PDF全文

惠秀娟  孟雪莲  徐成斌  马溪平  付保荣 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(6):64-67

采用 Tessier A连续提取法研究分析了沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤中重金属铬的污染分布和迁移转化规律。结果表明：土壤中重金属铬的5 种形态分布, 主要以残渣态和碳酸盐结合态为主,分别占总量的49.74%和21.40%,而有机结合态含量最低,占总铬含量的6.25%。不同的功能区域铬的形态分布有所不同。总体的分布特征是残渣态大于碳酸盐结合态大于交换态大于铁锰氧化态大于有机态。  相似文献   

角闪石成分对东天山铜镍矿床岩浆过程的指示意义     

方林茹  唐冬梅  秦克章  牛艳杰  毛亚晶  康珍 《岩石学报》2019,35(7):2061-2085

图拉尔根、香山和天宇、白石泉岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分别位于新疆东天山的觉罗塔格构造带和中天山地块,角闪石在这些矿床中均以贯通矿物产出。本研究通过这些矿床角闪石的主量和微量元素含量,讨论两个构造单元成矿岩浆的性质和演化过程。四个矿床的角闪石种属主要为韭闪石、镁绿钙闪石、浅闪石、钛闪石、钙镁闪石和镁闪石,结晶温度区间为940～1080℃,压力区间为250～450MPa,相当于11～15km的深度。图拉尔根和香山矿床的角闪石结晶温度和压力均相对较低(平均分别为1027℃、318MPa和1013℃、313MPa),可能与其所处的觉罗塔格构造带断裂发育,成矿母岩浆易于侵位到较浅处结晶有关。四个矿床角闪石结晶时岩浆的含水量均较高(4%左右),可能是俯冲交代作用导致的地幔源区本身水含量较高以及角闪石结晶较晚共同作用的结果。相较于觉罗塔格构造带的图拉尔根和香山矿床(0 ΔNNO 1. 7),角闪石氧逸度计指示中天山地块天宇和白石泉矿床的氧逸度变化范围大且偏低(分别是-0. 6 ΔNNO 1. 7和-0. 4 ΔNNO 1. 8)。中天山铜镍矿床的氧逸度特征及相对觉罗塔格构造带较低的微量元素Ce/Pb比值指示其岩浆侵位过程中受到的古老地块的混染作用较强。以上研究表明角闪石虽是玄武质岩浆中较晚结晶的矿物,但能为示踪铜镍矿床岩浆演化提供重要线索。  相似文献   

云南腾冲全新世火山岩岩浆演化和岩石成因     

杨逸云  赵志丹  雷杭山  武精凯  苗壮  张双全  陈玲  季宏伟 《岩石学报》2019,35(2):472-484

腾冲火山岩区是我国全新世以来记载火山喷发的少数地区之一,该地区岩浆作用的性质与成因是揭示青藏高原东缘的现今侧向生长过程与深部作用的重要依据。本文对腾冲火山岩区的马鞍山、黑空山、打鹰山全新世火山岩开展了矿物化学和岩石地球化学研究,以期揭示岩石成因和深部动力学过程。腾冲全新世火山岩主体岩性为高钾钙碱性系列的玄武粗安岩和粗安岩。岩石的Ca O、Fe_2O_3~T、Ti O_2与Si O_2负相关,而K_2O与Si O_2正相关,表明岩浆演化过程中可能存在橄榄石、辉石和斜长石的分离结晶作用。岩石中存在酸性斜长石(更长石,An=28)大颗粒捕掳晶,其边部发育了基性斜长石(拉长石,An=65)增生边;在大颗粒石英捕掳晶的边部发育了辉石的反应边,这些结构表明在岩浆上升到地壳浅部时,曾受到了花岗岩围岩的混染,但岩石的Th/Nb值均小于1.16,表明地壳混染总体不显著。腾冲全新世火山岩大离子亲石元素富集、高场强元素相对亏损,高Th/U、低Ba/La,富集Sr-Nd同位素,其岩浆源区应为经历过洋壳沉积物交代后的富集地幔。腾冲火山岩属于大陆板内环境,是印度与亚洲大陆碰撞后岩浆作用的产物。火山岩是沿着腾冲盆地南北向展布,且熔岩分布面积有限。由于高原侧向生长过程中的区域性走滑断裂会引起局部的伸展,腾冲火山岩产出可能与富集岩石圈地幔的减压熔融有关。  相似文献   

珠江水系沉积物重金属元素背景值估算及污染特征分析     

韦彬  侯青叶  唐志敏  宗庆霞  闫帅  何海云 《现代地质》2019,33(2):293-304

估算水系沉积物的地球化学背景值和识别其异常对人为污染判别与环境风险评估非常重要。采集并分析了珠江58件水系沉积物样品,经分析检验,Al、Fe和Sc被选作参考元素,并对比了确定地球化学背景及识别异常值的方法。其中,基于最小截断二乘法的回归分析是定义地球化学背景的有效方法,它是一种对异常值不敏感的稳健统计方法,而基于局部富集因子的箱线图和回归诊断图更适用于识别异常值。珠江不同河段重金属污染存在差异,北江和河网区主要受As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染,东江主要受Cu、Cr和Ni污染,而西江几乎不存在重金属污染。水系沉积物的主要污染类型是点源污染,主要污染来源是采矿和电镀等相关的工业活动。  相似文献   

Geographical information system-based groundwater quality index assessment of northern part of Kolkata,India for drinking purpose     

Suranjana Banerji  Deblina Mitra 《国际地球制图》2019,34(9):943-958

Groundwater is a resource under stress. In both developed and developing countries, it has been found that increasing human influence has led to the contamination of the groundwater resource. To understand the magnitude of this problem, a study was conducted in 58 wards within Northern part of Kolkata, India, where water samples from tube wells were collected and analysed on essential drinking water quality parameters, prescribed by WHO. Using Principal component analysis, and Water quality index mapping, the aforementioned results have been interpreted. This has helped to depict that not only is the groundwater unsuitable for drinking, but that the parametric values have a tendency to increase abruptly within the shortest of ranges, indicating urban pollution as the root cause of contamination. This paper shall thus discuss the spatial change in groundwater quality in northern Kolkata and suggest measures which might be implemented to secure a sustainable future for the city.  相似文献   

Exploring spatially varying and scale-dependent relationships between soil contamination and landscape patterns using geographically weighted regression     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Landscape pattern is an important determinant of soil contamination at multiple scales, and a proper understanding of their relationship is essential for alleviating soil contamination and making decisions for land planners. Both soil contamination and landscape patterns are heterogeneous across spaces and scale-dependent, but most studies were carried out on a single scale and used the conventional multivariate analyses (e.g. correlation analysis, ordinary least squared regression-OLS) that ignored the issue of spatial autocorrelation. To move forward, this paper examined spatially varying relationships between agricultural soil trace metal contamination and landscape patterns at three block scales (i.e. 5 km × 5  km, 10 km × 10 km, 15 km × 15 km) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), south China, using geographically weighted regression (GWR). This paper found that GWR performed better than OLS in terms of increasing R square of the model, lowering Akaike Information Criterion values and reducing spatial autocorrelation. GWR results revealed great spatial variations in the relationships across scales, with an increasing explanatory power of the model from small to large block scales. Despite a few negative correlations, more positive correlations were found between soil contamination and different aspects of landscape patterns of water, urban land and the whole landscape (i.e. the proportion, mean patch area, the degree of landscape fragmentation, landscape-level structural complexity, aggregation/connectivity, road density and river density). Similarly, more negative correlations were found between soil contamination and landscape patterns of forest and the distance to the river and industry land (p < 0.05). Furthermore, most significant correlations between soil contamination and landscape variables occurred in the western PRD across scales, which could be explained by the prevailing wind, the distribution of pollutant sources and the pathway of trace metal inputs.  相似文献   

Metals in Sediments of the Upper Laguna Madre   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Virender K Sharma  Kurtis B Rhudy  Robert Koening  Felipe G Vazquez 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):1213-1226

The Laguna Madre system is the largest hypersaline coastal basin in the United States. Surface sediments from 22 Upper Laguna Madre (ULM) sites were analyzed for grain size and metals (Cd, Cu, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, and Al) to assess the extent of contamination in the area. Sediments were found to consist mainly of sand texture. Clay and silts were minor constituents (<10%) of the sediments. Anomalies in metal concentrations were found at some sites and were related to probable sources, i.e., recreational and industrial activities. Concentrations of metals were normalized to grain size, Al, and Fe to distinguish natural and anthropogenic sources. Most metals showed positive correlations (p < 0.001) with Fe and Al, suggesting a natural variability of metal concentrations in sediments. Concentrations of metals, except Cd and Pb, at most sites were found to be below threshold concentrations thought to produce toxic effects in marine and estuarine organisms.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Microbiological Contamination at a Marine Recreational Site     

M.P Pires Coelho  M Eugnia Marques  J Carlos Roseiro 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):59-1246

Levels of bacterial indicators of pollution are related with marine salinity and turbidity at both high tide (HT) and low tide (LT). The salinity varied from values around 26.9 ppm at the LT and 28.6 ppm at the high tide but affected total and faecal coliform (FC) estimates. Salinity readings of 25–30 ppm produced microbial counts below 10⁻² MPN/100 ml total coliforms (TCs) whereas salinity of 15–22 ppm produced a TC level of 4.6×10⁻⁴ MPN/100 ml. Turbidity peaks in the samples are accompanied by peaks of microbial contamination of the seawater indicating that the contamination is normally deposited at the marine sediment rather than in the water column. In fact, samples collected under heavy stormy weather, in which the water agitation resulted in turbidity values up to 68.3 NTU, produced maximum microbial counts.  相似文献   

Assessment of the potential for groundwater contamination using the DRASTIC/EGIS technique, Cheongju area, South Korea     

Youn Jong Kim  Se-Yeong Hamm 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(2):227-235

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Large 14C age offsets between the fine fraction and coexisting planktonic foraminifera in shallow Caribbean sediments     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2017

Absolute chronologies in paleoceanographic records are often constructed using the ¹⁴C dating of coarse fraction foraminifera (>150 μm). However, due to processes such as changes in sediment sources or abundances, sedimentation rates, bioturbation, reworking, the adsorption of modern carbon, etc., several studies conducted in different environmental settings have shown time-lags between records obtained from various granulometric fractions. In this study, we examined temporal phasing between the coarse foraminifera and fine fractions by studying changes in the abundances of δ¹⁸O, the ¹⁴C ages of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (G. ruber, 250–350 μm), and the sediment fine fraction (<63 μm) over the last 45 ka in a core obtained from the northern Caribbean Sea. All of the records were found to be in phase during part of the Holocene (at least for the last ≈6 ka). As determined from δ¹⁸O records and ¹⁴C ages, the fine fraction was younger than G. ruber during the Last Deglaciation (of 1.89 ka). The coupling between bioturbation and changes in the fine fraction, and G. ruber abundances, as tested using a numerical model of the bioturbation record within a mixed-layer depth of 8 cm, was sufficient to explain the results. ¹⁴C age discrepancies increased from 5.64 to 8.5 ka during Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 2 and 3, respectively. These chronological discrepancies could not be explained by only one process and seemed to result from the interplay between mechanisms: size-differentiated bioturbation (for 1.5 to 2.5 ka), the adsorption of modern atmospheric CO₂ (for 3.04 to 5.92 ka), and variations in sedimentological processes that influenced the fine carbonate fraction. However, even if variations in the mineralogical composition of the fine carbonate fraction were identified using scanning-electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction measurements, and geochemical analyses (the mol % MgCO₃ of magnesian calcite and the Sr/Ca ratio of the bulk fine fraction), they can not account for the observed age differences. The results presented for core MD03-2628 extend beyond this case study because they illustrate the need for a detailed characterization of the various size fractions prior to paleoclimate signal interpretations, especially for chronological studies.  相似文献