基于GIS的县域土壤重金属生态风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘庆  王静  汪庆华  张建国  张衍毓 《测绘科学》2008,33(3):90-93

为研究经济快速发展区农田土壤中重金属的含量及污染状况,本文以浙江省慈溪市为研究对象,研究土壤中铜、汞、镉、铅、砷、铬、锌七种重金属含量特征,并采用潜在生态危害指数法对其进行评价,并绘制生态风险危害指数分级图。结果表明:土壤中除汞元素含量较高外,其他各元素含量仅稍高于当地土壤背景值。七种元素的单因子污染指数Cfi值均属于中等的污染参数,综合污染指数Cd上限值已处于高污染指数的范围,但平均值为属于中等污染水平。从潜在生态风险评价结果来看,七种元素的单项潜在生态风险参数Eri的值也只有汞达到了强生态危害,七种元素综合潜在生态危害指数RI刚刚达到中等生态危害水平,说明该区农田土壤尚处于较低的生态风险状态。生态危害指数插值结果表明,慈溪市重金属元素的高风险区分布在中南部人类活动较为活跃、城乡工业较发达的区域,在今后的土地利用中,应高度重视人类活动对土壤重金属污染的影响。  相似文献   

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

龚庆杰  邓军  向运川  王庆飞  杨立强 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(3)

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.  相似文献   

重金属污染胁迫下盐肤木的生化效应及波谱特征   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

李庆亭  杨锋杰  张兵  张霞  周广柱 《遥感学报》2008,12(2):284-290

利用遥感生物地球化学的原理和方法,分析了德兴铜矿的重金属污染状况和植物盐肤木的生物地球化学效应,对盐肤木生物地球化学效应的波谱特征进行了系统的提取和分析.研究发现酸、铜、镉等是德兴铜矿地区主要的环境污染因子,野外调查及样品的化验分析表明盐肤木对铜元素呈现一定的富集作用和很强的位移效应,是适合铜矿复垦的植被.利用导数光谱、包络线去除、红边效应、植被指数等光谱信息处理方法对盐肤木的野外波谱分析表明,随着叶片中Cu等金属元素含量的增大,其产生的毒化效应的波谱特征越明显,盐肤木叶片光谱反射率明显升高,波形蓝移,红边陡坡斜率增大,叶绿素吸收深度变浅,吸收中心稍有蓝移,水的吸收深度变浅,吸收中心位置红移,绿度指数变化明显.对波谱特征及其与重金属含量的相关关系综合分析后认为,红边特征、植被指数NDVI、叶绿素吸收深度与叶片铜含量关系显著,可以作为植被铜污染遥感图像特征提取的参考.  相似文献   

西湖茶园茶叶铅污染铅同位素示踪     

郦逸根  路远发 《物探与化探》2008,32(2):180-185

通过对西湖茶园的植物和土壤样品进行一系列的调查,以着力寻找茶叶的铅污染源。利用铅同位素技术对西湖茶园的土壤、茶叶和城区的燃煤、大气气溶胶、汽车尾气进行铅同位素示踪研究。研究表明,茶园土壤铅物质的可溶相具同源性和残查态偏于多源性。清洗后的茶叶铅含量显著降低,但其同位素组成不发生明显改变,显示出茶叶中的铅与叶面空气沉降物中的铅同源。不同介质铅同位素对比值平均值呈现表土、大气(气溶胶)、煤的w(²⁰⁶Pb)/w(²⁰⁷Pb)与茶叶趋于相近,汽油低之;表土、大气(气溶胶)、汽油的w(²⁰⁸Pb)/〔w(²⁰⁶Pb)+w(²⁰⁷Pb)〕与茶叶趋于相近,煤略高之。不同区域茶叶铅物质具同源性,与种植的农业地质背景无关。在煤燃烧、气化过程中,Pb进入大气,通过大气沉降或被茶树吸收或附着在茶叶叶面;汽车尾气的排放是茶树铅污染的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

Accuracy assessment of lidar-derived digital elevation models   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fernando J.  Aguilar  Jon. P.  Mills 《The Photogrammetric Record》2008,23(122):148-169

Despite the relatively high cost of airborne lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs), such products are usually presented without a satisfactory associated estimate of accuracy. For the most part, DEM accuracy estimates are typically provided by comparing lidar heights against a finite sample of check point coordinates from an independent source of higher accuracy, supposing a normal distribution of the derived height differences or errors. This paper proposes a new methodology to assess the vertical accuracy of lidar DEMs using confidence intervals constructed from a finite sample of errors computed at check points. A non-parametric approach has been tested where no particular error distribution is assumed, making the proposed methodology especially applicable to non-normal error distributions of the type usually found in DEMs derived from lidar. The performance of the proposed model was experimentally validated using Monte Carlo simulation on 18 vertical error data-sets. Fifteen of these data-sets were computed from original lidar data provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group III/3, using their respective filtered reference data as ground truth. The three remaining data-sets were provided by the Natural Environment Research Council's Airborne Research and Survey Facility lidar system, together with check points acquired using high precision kinematic GPS. The results proved promising, the proposed models reproducing the statistical behaviour of vertical errors of lidar using a favourable number of check points, even in the cases of data-sets with non-normally distributed residuals. This research can therefore be considered as a potentially important step towards improving the quality control of lidar-derived DEMs.  相似文献   

新疆坎儿井现状及其发展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王毅萍  周金龙  郭晓静 《地下水》2008,30(6):49-52

简述了新疆坎儿井的构成、特点、研究意义,分析了坎儿井衰退状况及其原因,列举了已进行的坎儿井保护工作,提出了坎儿井于枯断流的综合治理对策及今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

基于高分辨率遥感数据的城市居住单元交通环境质量评价——以厦门市为例     

陈志浩 《国土资源遥感》2008,19(4):53-57

居住单元是与人们生活密切相关的社区范围,其交通环境的优劣是衡量居住单元环境好坏的重要标准之一。高分辨遥感影像 的高空间分辨率特点为我们提供了研究居住单元交通环境的可能性。本文从区域交通环境、路网可达性出发,对城市居住单元交通 环境质量的遥感评价方法进行了研究,根据高分辨率遥感影像的特点构建了居住单元交通环境的多级指标评价体系,并对厦门市的 50个居住单元进行了评价分析。实验表明,利用高分辨率影像进行城市交通环境质量评价是一种成本较低,简便可行的方法。  相似文献   

广饶县河流污染带地下水水质现状评价与污染分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵金香  王兆林  张淑芳 《地下水》2008,30(3):43-47

多年来由于接纳上游和境内工业、生活污废水,淄河、阳河、织女河三条河流大部分时间水质为劣V类,沿河两测形成2km左右的浅层地下水污染带。对污染带内地下水水质现状进行评价与分析、应用模糊综合评价法进行污染程度评价。得出的结论是河流两岸浅层地下水水质由以优良或良好为主变为以较差或极差为主,污染和微污染的地下水井占81．2％,石油类、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、挥发酚、硝酸盐氮、高锰酸盐指数等主要污染参数超标率均在30％以上。  相似文献   

黑龙江省矿山主要环境地质问题及防治对策     

李强 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(3):120-123

黑龙江省在矿产资源开采过程中产生了诸多的矿山环境地质问题。这些矿山环境地质问题可分为资源毁损、地质灾害、环境污染3大类。又可细分为土地资源压占、植被资源破坏、地下水位下降、风景景观和地质遗迹破坏、地面塌陷、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、煤层自燃、煤矸石自燃、水土侵蚀、土地沙化、盐碱化、草原退化、水污染、土壤污染、大气污染等种类。这些矿山环境问题给黑龙江省的经济发展和生态环境造成了巨大的损失和危害。论文阐述了主要矿山环境问题及其危害,并提出了有关防治对策建议,以促进黑龙江省矿山环境保护与治理工作的进步。  相似文献   

基于GIS的天水市滑坡危险性评价          下载免费PDF全文

白晓华  马金辉  冯乐涛  韩庆宪 《甘肃地质》2008,(4):72-75

本文通过统计学方法提取可能影响该地区滑坡的因子。并依据二元逻辑回归结果．利用GIS空间分析和建模功能,对研究区滑坡进行建模,再由相关性等级分析方法进一步获取相关影响因子对滑坡的影响范围,最终得出该区域滑坡危险性评价图。而在不同分辨率尺度上,对滑坡产生影响的因子有所相同,当分辨率由1000m-60m时,影响因子明显增多。以逻辑回归模型自身精度、滑坡实际发生比和坡度法为模型判定标准,发现120m分辨率下的滑坡发生概率模型能有效表达研究区滑坡发生状况。  相似文献