滑坡对降雨响应的多指标监测及综合预警探析:以赣南罗坳滑坡为例     

李高  谭建民  王世梅  林旭  陈勇  王力  郭飞 《地学前缘》2021,28(6):283-294

降雨量和位移是当前降雨型滑坡监测预警最常用的指标。然而,降雨量和位移监测结果只能反映降雨作用下滑坡的变形情况,不能揭示滑坡内在物理力学性状对降雨的响应。因此,除降雨量和位移监测之外,建立包括体积含水率、基质吸力等反映滑坡动态演化过程的关键指标监测体系必将成为今后更真实地把握滑坡内在演化趋势、更准确地建立滑坡综合预警判据的最有效手段。笔者对赣南地区典型降雨型滑坡进行了多指标监测及综合预警示范研究。结果表明:(1)在降雨条件下滑坡土体内部体积含水率、基质吸力和温度等多指标均产生有规律的动态响应;(2)随着降雨的持续,滑体体积含水率与基质吸力的变化均具有显著的滞后现象;(3)体积含水率和基质吸力变化速率与滑体位移具有显著的正相关性;(4)滑体温度分布变化规律受大气温度和体积含水率的共同影响。以实测数据的滑坡稳定性分析为基准,在考虑实际降雨入渗深度与滑坡稳定性的关联度上,建立了包括日降雨量、体积含水率增加速率、基质吸力减小速率以及位移速度多元指标预警方法体系,提出了基于关键指标综合预警体系及确定方法,旨在为降雨滑坡准确预警提供新模式。  相似文献   

利用地面LiDAR精细化测量活断层微地貌形态——以毛垭坝断裂禾尼处断层崖为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张迪  李家存  吴中海  刘绍堂  卢燕 《地质力学学报》2021,27(1):63-72

受地壳内部持续运动和沉积、风化等自然动力及人类生产与生活活动影响,活断层微地貌形态往往比较复杂,传统测量方法较难快速、高效地获取大范围内精细化的活断层微地貌形态,激光雷达扫描技术的出现和发展为活断层微地貌的精细化与定量化研究提供了新的技术手段。以川西理塘毛垭坝盆地北缘的正断层崖为研究对象,利用地面LiDAR获取活断层微地貌高精度点云后,经过点云配准、滤波、重采样和三角构网处理后,建立了0.05 m分辨率的数字高程模型和真彩色三维模型,在此基础上分析了断层崖地貌特征,并获取了正断层错动两期最新地貌面的精确垂直位错量。研究结果表明,地面LiDAR技术是精细测量活断层微地貌形态和量化相关地貌特征参数的有效手段,提高了活断层微地貌形态测量的精度和认识水平。  相似文献   

Seasonal evaluation of rainfall estimation by four cumulus parameterization schemes and their sensitivity analysis     

Asnor Muizan Ishak  Michaela Bray  Renji Remesan  Dawei Han 《水文研究》2012,26(7):1062-1078

Sustainable water resources management require scientifically sound information on precipitation, as it plays a key role in hydrological responses in a catchment. In recent years, mesoscale weather models in conjunction with hydrological models have gained great attention as they can provide high‐resolution downscaled weather variables. Many cumulus parameterization schemes (CPSs) have been developed and incorporated into three‐dimensional Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model 5 (MM5). This study has performed a comprehensive evaluation of four CPSs (the Anthes–Kuo, Grell, Betts–Miller and Kain–Fritsch93 schemes) to identify how their inclusion influences the mesoscale model's precipitation estimation capabilities. The study has also compared these four CPSs in terms of variability in rainfall estimation at various horizontal and vertical levels. For this purpose, the MM5 was nested down to resolution of 81 km for Domain 1 (domain span 21 × 81 km) and 3 km for Domain 4 (domain span 16 × 3 km), respectively, with vertical resolutions at 23, 40 and 53 vertical levels. The study was carried out at the Brue catchment in Southwest England using both the ERA‐40 reanalysis data and the land‐based observation data. The performances of four CPs were evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the amount of cumulative rainfall in 4 months in 1995 representing the four seasonal months, namely, January (winter), March (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn). It is observed that the Anthes–Kuo scheme has produced inferior precipitation values during spring and autumn seasons while simulations during winter and summer were consistently good. The Betts–Miller scheme has produced some reasonable results, particularly at the small‐scale domain (3 km grid size) during winter and summer. The KF2 scheme was the best scheme for the larger‐scale (81 km grid size) domain during winter season at both 23 and 53 vertical levels. This scheme tended to underestimate rainfall for other seasons including the small‐scale domain (3 km grid size) in the mesoscale. The Grell scheme was the best scheme in simulating rainfall rates, and was found to be superior to other three schemes with consistently better results in all four seasons and in different domain scales. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

硅酸盐固溶体矿物中组分的韵律型空间分布及形成过程中的时-空自组织     

吴金平  王江海 《矿物学报》1990,(3)

本文根据熔体聚合模型和正规溶液模型,建立了非平衡条件下,在二组分硅酸盐熔体固结过程中的非平衡非理想界面反应的非线性动力学模型:对上式进行数值模拟表明,当W/RT<-2时,有三重态,并通过建立界面状态(组成)的质量守恒方程,合理地说明了硅酸盐固溶体矿物韵律结构形成的可能机理之一,寻找界面反应三重态是研究固溶体矿物韵律结构的一条相当普遍的途径。  相似文献   

似鱼形断层角砾形成机制及意义     

樊汝培 《湖南地质》1990,9(3):10-12

在湖南衡东县铅锌矿观察到一种似鱼形的断层角砾。利用单个角砾即可指示断层两盘位移方向和断层面产状。作者认为它将为变质岩区矿田构造研究、为钻孔岩心研究和矿山坑道地质研究中确定断层位移方向带来方便。  相似文献   

位移场的边界积分表达式     

刁顺  黄作宾 《地球科学》1991,16(4):459-465

  相似文献   

Static deformation of two welded half-spaces due to very long strike-slip dislocations     

Raj Kumar Sharma  Nat Ram Garg  Kuldip Singh 《Journal of Earth System Science》1991,100(4):379-388

Closed form analytic expressions for displacement and stresses at any point of either of the two homogeneous, isotropic, perfectly elastic half-spaces in welded contact due to very long strike-slip dislocations are obtained. Both cases of vertical and horizontal strike-slip dislocations are discussed in detail. Variation of the displacement with horizontal distance from the fault and with vertical distance from the interface for a vertical strike-slip fault is studied numerically.  相似文献   

Interaction among fractures and stress field computation of fracture systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张之立 《地震学报(英文版)》1994,7(1):43-54

ＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓＺｈｉ－ＬｉＺＨＡＮＧ（张之立）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢ...  相似文献   

西秦岭北缘断裂带新活动特征   总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27       下载免费PDF全文

滕瑞增  金瑶泉  李西候  苏向州 《地震工程学报》1994,16(2):85-90

在本文中，作者在近几年进行的大比例尺活断层地质填图工作的基础上，介绍了西秦岭北缘断裂带晚第四纪以来活动的基本待征，研究了该断裂带的空间展布情况、几何学和运动学特征、断层活动速率、古地震与地震重复周期等。结果表明，该断裂带自第四纪以来由压性逐渐演变为左旋扭动，其水平滑动速率为２．１－２．８ｍｍ／年，垂直滑动速率为０．４－０．７ｍｍ／年，地震复发周期约为５０００年。  相似文献   

软岩巷道弹塑性变形的理论分析   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

刘夕才  林韵梅 《岩土力学》1994,15(2):27-36

本文采用莫尔－库仑屈服准则和非关联塑性流动法则分析了轴对称软岩巷道的变形规律。从轴对称平面应变问题的基本方程出发，导出了软岩巷道弹塑性变形的位移理论解答，并给出了现有应力与位移理论解的适用条件。通过实例计算结果表明，本文得出的位移理论解与有限元数值解相当吻合。  相似文献