青藏公路路面病害成因分析   总被引：23，自引：6，他引：17  

窦明健  胡长顺  多吉罗布  何子文 《冰川冻土》2003,25(4):439-444

青藏公路多年冻土段路面大范围出现波浪沉陷和开裂等病害, 在综合病害调查、钻探取芯分析、动力触探、路面弯沉检测和面层材料试验等基础上, 讨论了病害与青藏高原特殊自然条件, 路基下多年冻土变化, 路基及地基密实程度, 路面基层性状和面层材料的关系. 分析了路面病害的分布规律和影响因素, 认为恶劣的气候条件和多年冻土的变化是路面病害发生的主要原因, 面层和基层材料质量达不到要求也是重要影响因素.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of free surface flow over submerged and highly flexible vegetation     

C.W. Li  J.F. Xie 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(4):468-477

Vegetation in rivers, estuaries and coastal areas is often submerged and highly flexible. The study of its interaction with the ambient flow environment is important for the determination of the discharge capacity, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions of the water course where it grows. In this work the hydrodynamics of submerged flexible vegetation with or without foliage is investigated by using a 3D numerical model. Flexible vegetation is modeled by momentum sink terms, with the velocity-dependent stem height determined by a large deflection analysis which is more accurate than the previously used small deflection analysis. The effect of foliage on flow resistance is expressed in terms of the change in the product of the drag coefficient and the projected area, which is supported by available experimental data. The computed results show that the vertical profiles of the mean horizontal velocity and the vertical Reynolds shear stress are correctly simulated. The temporal variation of the stem deflection follows closely that of the velocity and the ‘Honami’ phenomenon can be reproduced. The numerical simulations also confirm that the flexibility of vegetation decreases both the vegetation-induced flow resistance force and the vertical Reynolds shear stress, while the presence of foliage further enhances these reduction effects.  相似文献   

融合多源测量数据的桥梁挠度异常探测方法     

陈睿哲  涂伟  李清泉  谷宇  左小清  高文武 《测绘通报》2022,(9):105-110

桥梁是一种重要的交通基础设施,保障了人员和物资的流动运输,桥梁安全状态监测至关重要。受桥梁自身承重、桥面移动荷载和环境温度等因素的影响,桥梁挠度不断发生变化,而挠度异常可能会引起桥梁的结构性损伤而产生安全隐患。针对目前挠度异常探测方法没有综合考虑其外部环境和挠度自身变化特征的不足,本文提出了一种融合多源测量数据的桥梁挠度异常探测方法。利用环境温度、桥面移动荷载及桥梁挠度计算多源测量数据特征并融合,通过随机森林分类模型识别异常挠度。试验结果表明,本文方法的异常探测精度达到88.18%,效果良好,并且优于其他典型机器学习模型,能够帮助桥梁管理部门及时发现桥梁挠度异常情况,从而提高桥梁维护管理水平。  相似文献   

On the evaluation of deflections of the vertical using FFT technique     

Huang Motao  Zhai Guojun  Guan Zheng  Quyang Yongzhong 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):5-13

There exist three types of convolution formulae for the efficient evaluation of gravity field convolution integrals, i.e., the planar 2D convolution, the spherical 2D convolution and the spherical 1D convolution. The largest drawback of both the planar and the spherical 2D FFT methods is that, due to the approximations in the kernel function, only inexact results can be achieved. Apparently, the reason is the meridian convergence at higher latitudes. As the meridians converge, the ??,?λ blocks do not form a rectangular grid, as is assumed in 2D FFT methods. It should be pointed out that the meridian convergence not only leads to an approximation error in the kernel function, but also causes an approximation error during the implementation of 2D FFT in computer. In order to meet the increasing need for precise determination of the vertica deflections, this paper derives a more precise planar 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections. After having made a detailed comparison between the planar and the spherical 2D FFT formulae, we find out the main source of errors causing the loss in accuracy by applying the conventional spherical 2D FFT method. And then, a modified spherical 2D FFT formula for the computation of the vertical deflections is developed in this paper. A series of numerical tests have been carried out to illustrate the improvement made upon the old spherical 2D FFT. The second part of this paper is to discuss the influences of the spherical harmonic reference field, the limited capsize, and the singular integral on the computation of the vertical deflections. The results of the vertical deflections over China by applying the spherical 1D FFT formula with different integration radii have been compared to the astro-observed vertical deflections in the South China Sea to obtain a set of optimum deflection computation parameters.  相似文献   

加速遗传算法在预应力连续箱梁桥有限元模型修正中的应用     

林贤坤  覃柏英  张令弥  郭勤涛 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(4)

针对预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的通扬运河大桥,建立其有限元模型.基于评价模型修正效果的频率指标与振型相关系数指标、柔度矩阵指标和挠度指标,定义三个目标函数,利用环境激励的试验模态参数,通过实数编码加速遗传算法对有限元模型进行了修正.相对于基于频率指标与振型相关系数指标定义的目标函数,基于柔度矩阵指标或挠度指标定义的目标函数修正的有限元模型,能同时较准确地反映其动态和静态特性,也能实现其试验模态振型较精确的质量归一化.  相似文献   

An analytical model of soil–structure interaction with swelling soils during droughts     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2013

Lightly loaded structures constructed on expansive soils may develop structural damage as a result of changes in the soil’s moisture content. This study investigated an analytical model of soil–structure interaction to assess the settlement of dwellings built on swelling soils when droughts occur. The building behavior was investigated with the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and the ground behavior was investigated with a Winkler-derived model based on the state surface approach. The analytical model results were compared to those of a finite element analysis using the Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM) performed with Code_Bright.The analytical model was then used to assess the settlement transmission ratio for a typology of clayey soils and different parameters of building. The results indicated that the final deflection of the building increased with the building length and soil suction. The building deflection due to the suction variations was inversely proportional to the load, the rigidity of the building and the embedding depth of the foundation. Increasing these parameters made the building less vulnerable to shrinkage and swelling action.  相似文献   

巴楚辉绿岩墙的岩石成因及其对塔里木大火成岩省岩浆演化的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

位荀  徐义刚 《岩石学报》2013,29(10):3323-3335

早二叠世塔里木大火成岩省主要有两期岩浆活动:以柯坪玄武岩为代表的喷出岩形成较早(~290Ma),以巴楚超基性-基性-长英质侵入体和岩墙为代表的侵入岩形成较晚(~280Ma)。本研究选取代表晚期岩浆活动的巴楚辉绿岩墙为研究对象,旨在为认识塔里木地幔柱活动及与岩石圈的相互作用提供更多信息。巴楚辉绿岩XHZ-10样品中的锆石均为继承性锆石,不能用来限定其侵位时代。然而,野外关系表明巴楚辉绿岩墙属于塔里木大火成岩省的第二期岩浆活动。巴楚辉绿岩墙经历了橄榄石、辉石和磁铁矿的分离结晶。Nd同位素比值与SiO₂和La/Nb比值的相关性以及继承性锆石年龄(2480~717Ma,主要集中在~800Ma)表明,新元古代基底的同化混染作用可以解释其ε_Nd具有较大的变化范围(-2.6~+5.1)。受混染程度最小的样品具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)极其相似的微量元素特征,并且具有亏损的Nd同位素组成(ε_Nd=~+5),暗示其来源于富集的对流地幔源区,与早期(~290Ma)具有岩石圈地幔源区特征的玄武岩形成鲜明对比。本文提出地幔柱侧向流动模型以解释两期岩浆的时空分布和地球化学差异:当地幔柱上升至塔里木岩石圈底部时,巨厚的岩石圈地幔(>140km)会阻碍其减压熔融;但不断积累在岩石圈底部的地幔柱物质提供足够的热,促使早期富集交代的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,形成~290Ma的玄武岩;地幔柱物质将向岩石圈厚度较薄的边缘地区侧向流动,发生减压熔融,形成的熔体侵位到地壳中形成超基性-基性-长英质侵入岩和辉绿岩墙,并诱发地壳的熔融形成长英质火山岩。  相似文献   

恒定主应力轴偏转循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积孔压特性分析     

姚兆明  牛连僧  徐颖  王厚良  陈军浩 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(5):1533-1538,1555

现有的饱和软黏土循环荷载累积孔压显式模型未能反映路基土体单元在土体自重作用下主应力轴的偏转现象。在确定饱和软黏土固结时间的基础上,在固结压力分别为100、150、200 kPa下,对软黏土进行主应力轴偏转角为15°、30°、45°的不排水循环加载试验,得到了固结围压、主应力轴旋转角及动应力比对循环累积孔压影响的规律。基于第一次循环加载累积孔压变化规律和修正动偏应力水平,建立了能考虑恒定主应力轴偏转角循环加载下累积孔压显式模型,并利用恒定主应力轴偏转角循环加载试验结果验证了模型的合理性。建立的循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积孔压显式模型参数易于确定,参数具有明确的物理意义且能考虑主应力轴的恒定偏转现象。  相似文献   

用于结构健康诊断的动静结合法及其试验验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李国东  郭迅  陈晗 《世界地震工程》2009,25(4)

介绍了一种用于梁式结构的健康诊断方法,该方法以具有较高测试精度的低阶模态参数和静力测试参数为损伤识别量,适用于本构相同的多个结构或构件的健康诊断.具体实施中只选取少量结构作为样本,对其进行静、动力的联合测试,以获得静力、动力参数间的数学回归关系,依此关系对其余的结构仅通过动力测试便可获得等效于静力加载法的健康诊断效果.以12个不同损伤程度的钢桁架结构为试验对象,对其静、动参数的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,桁架的静力刚度和一阶固有频率与桁架的损伤程度密切相关,二者可作为标识桁架损伤的静、动参数.静、动参数对桁架的损伤程度指示明确,规律是损伤越大,静、动参数值越小.采用最小二乘法建立了桁架静、动参数间数学关系式,说明梁式结构的静、动参数密切相关,动静结合法可行.  相似文献   

壳体稳定性问题的研究进展     

安镇文  许绍燮  乔森  柴金梅 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(1):1-9

为探索大地震成因的物理机理,根据板壳理论的研究结果,综述多年来柔韧壳体非线性大挠度变形研究中与地震成因相关的壳体结构变形问题的研究进展、壳体结构变形过程中的稳定性问题。同时,介绍壳体曲率变化对其变形过程中稳定性的影响,期望能为探索大地震成因机理的研究提供某些有用的物理依据与理论基础。  相似文献