粉晶X射线衍射法在岩石学和矿物学研究中的应用   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7  

庞小丽  刘晓晨  薛雍  江向锋  江超华 《岩矿测试》2009,28(5):452-456

X射线衍射是测定物质结构的主要分析手段,广泛应用于物理学、化学、医药学、金属学、材料学、工程技术学、地质学和矿物学。文章综述了粉晶X射线衍射法在造岩矿物、黏土矿物、岩组学、类质同象和结晶度的测定等领域发挥的重要作用。随着测量技术的发展,粉晶X射线衍射在矿物结晶过程中的研究、矿物表面研究、矿物定量相分析和矿物晶体结构测定方面均有新的应用。  相似文献   

钾含量对白云母X射线衍射特征的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王德强  王辅亚  王冠鑫  张惠芬 《大地构造与成矿学》2004,28(1):69-73

对白云母X射线衍射峰强度的理论计算,发现其衍射峰的强度随钾含量呈规律性变化;对白云母活化释钾后不同钾含量样品进行X射线衍射实验,发现实测的衍射峰强度值与计算值变化趋势一致。计算与实测的白云母特征衍射峰强度比值曲线也有相同的变化趋势。这些结果表明白云母中钾含量是其X射线衍射特征变化的主要原因。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic Performance of the Arc-Shaped Bottom-Mounted Breakwater     

楚玉川  程建生  王景全  李志刚  江克斌 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):749-760

The problem of the hydrodynamic interaction with the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwaters is investigated theoretically. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in a finite water depth. The fluid domain is divided into two sub-regions of inner and outer by an auxiliary circular interface. Linear theory is assumed and the eigenfunction expansion approach is used to determine the wave field. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the analytical solutions are compared to agree well with published results with the same parameters. Numerical results including wave amplitude, surge pressure, and wave force are presented with different model parameters. The major factors including wave parameters, structure configuration, and water depth that affect the surge pressure, wave forces, and wave amplitudes are discussed and illustrated by some graphs and cloud maps.  相似文献   

Scattering of S waves diffracted at the core–mantle boundary: forward modelling     

Valérie Emery  Valérie Maupin  & Henri-Claude Nataf 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,139(2):325-344

  相似文献   

有机显微组分X射线衍射分析方法在油气评价中的应用     

翁成敏  张爱云 《现代地质》1994,8(1):100-106

Ｘ射线衍射分析法适宜于分析有机显微组分的芳环层的层状结构。有机质的芳环层结构与其类型和演化程度有关。表征有机质芳环层的层状结构的主要参数：高度Ｌｃ、宽度Ｌａ、网面间距ｄｈｋ１和芳环层层数可作为油气勘探中判断源岩性质、类型、演化程度与生烃潜力的依据。文章还对参数的变化与意义进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

非线性效应对浅水水波变形的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李瑞杰  魏守林 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(1):1-5

本文采用波数矢量无旋和波能守恒方程建立了一个考虑非线性作用的浅水水波变形数值模型,模型中采用Ｂａｔｔｊｅｓ关系与波数矢量无旋,波能守恒方程一起来求解波浪在浅水中变形的波浪要素,在波能守恒方程中考虑了底摩擦的影响。利用本文提出的数值模型对一个斜坡浅滩水域波浪折射绕射现象进行了验证,验证计算中用一个非线性经验弥散关系近似浅水水波变形的非线性效应并与用线性弥散关系的计算结果进行了比较,结果说明使用非线性  相似文献   

Modelling of pile wave barriers by effective trenches and their screening effectiveness   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. E. Kattis  D. Polyzos  D. E. Beskos 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1999,18(1):78

The three-dimensional problem of isolation of vibration by a row of piles is studied numerically on the basis of a model replacing the row of piles by an effective trench in order to reduce the modelling complexity. The analysis is accomplished with the aid of an advanced frequency domain boundary element method, which is used for both the infilled trench and the soil medium in conjunction with a coupling procedure based on enforcement of equilibrium and compatibility at the trench–soil interface. Linear elastic or viscoelastic material behaviour is assumed for both the piles and the soil. The piles can be tubular or solid and have circular or square cross-section. The vibration source is a vertical force, harmonically varying with time, and the row of piles acts as a passive wave barrier. The effective trench model is constructed by invoking well known homogenization techniques used in the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composite materials, and its accuracy is compared against a rigorous boundary element analysis modelling each pile separately in full contact with the soil medium. On the basis of the effective trench model, the screening effectiveness of a row of piles is studied through parametric studies.  相似文献   

兰州第四纪黄土/古土壤序列物源演变: 来自于碳酸盐矿物的证据^*     

蔡青松  杨光亮  范育新  颜雪域  高敏敏  张青松  王荣华  郭雪莲 《古地理学报》1999,24(3):583-598

黄土/古土壤的物源研究对于揭示第四纪气候变化和青藏高原隆升历史具有重要意义。本研究以位于黄土高原西部1.4 Ma以来的兰州黄土/古土壤沉积序列为研究对象,基于X射线衍射技术分析了黄土/古土壤中的主要矿物组成,侧重于碳酸盐矿物含量,追溯了兰州黄土/古土壤的直接物源。结果显示: (1)1.4 Ma以来兰州地区黄土/古土壤沉积物的主要直接源区为柴达木盆地沙漠区和阿拉善干旱区。(2)基于二元混合模型计算的潜在原始源区对兰州黄土白云石和总碳酸盐矿物的相对贡献率以及长石与石英比值结果一致支持1.4 Ma以来兰州黄土原始物源发生了多次变化。1.4~1.1 Ma和0.9~0.3 Ma青藏高原东北缘造山带(昆仑山、祁连山)和中亚造山带对兰州黄土的贡献相当,而1.1~0.9 Ma和0.3 Ma以来,中亚造山带对兰州黄土的物源贡献增加,这可能分别是对中更新世气候转型和0.3 Ma以来青藏高原及邻近地区干冷气候增强的响应。1.15 Ma和0.8 Ma兰州黄土/古土壤中高的白云石含量、碳酸盐矿物总含量以及0.8 Ma长石与石英比值的快速升高可能是对“昆黄运动”的响应,进而造成了昆仑山、祁连山对黄土高原物源贡献的增加。  相似文献   

Intercalation of kaolinite with acetamide     

R. L. Frost  J. Kristof  G. N. Paroz  J. T. Kloprogge 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(3):257-263

Upon intercalation of both ordered (low defect) and disordered (high defect) kaolinites with acetamide, two types of interaction are observed. Firstly, hydrogen bonding between the NH₂ groups of the acetamide with the siloxane oxygens is formed, as evidenced by the formation of two new bands at 3400 and 3509 cm^–1. Secondly, the appearance of additional bands at ∼3600 cm^–1 in both the infrared and Raman spectra of the acetamide intercalates is attributed to a second type of hydrogen bonding by the interaction of the C=O group and the inner surface hydroxyls. Changes in the intensity of the hydroxyl deformation modes in the 895 to 940 cm^–1 region are attributed to the changes in the hydrogen bonding of the kaolinite surfaces. It is proposed that the hydrogen bonding between the adjacent kaolinite layers is replaced with hydrogen bonding between both kaolinite surfaces and the acetamide molecule. Changes in the molecular structure of acetamide are observed upon intercalation. The amide 1 band is lost and replaced with a well-defined NH₂ deformation vibration. The loss of the amide 1 band is attributed the hydrogen bond formation between the amide hydrogens and the siloxane surface. The bands of the C=O group at 1680 and 1740 cm^–1 become a single band at 1680 cm^–1. The amide 2 band remains unchanged. The lack of intensity of the 1740 cm^–1 band is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the inner surface hydroxyl groups and the carbonyl group. Received: 4 February 1998/ Revised, accepted: 30 June 1998  相似文献   

Structural and magnetic properties of Co2Al4Si5O18 and Mn2Al4Si5O18 cordierite     

K. Knorr  M. Meschke  B. Winkler 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(6):521-529

The crystal structures, lattice dynamics and magnetic properties of synthetic Co-cordierite, Co₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈, and Mn-cordierite, Mn₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈ have been studied by neutron powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and magnetisation measurements. Due to different synthesis conditions, the Co-cordierite used here crystallised in the hexagonal α-cordierite structure with a disordered Si/Al distribution in the framework, while for the Mn-cordierite the orthorhombic β-structure has been determined. The experimentally determined paramagnetic moments, _exp (Mn) = 5.47(6) _B and _exp (Co) = 3.88(4) _B , are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for octahedrally coordinated Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺, respectively. In both compounds there is no magnetic long-range order down to at least 1.5 K. However, the onset of an anti-ferromagnetic short-range correlation of magnetic moments along [001] has been observed for Mn-cordierite by magnetisation and neutron diffraction measurements. This short-range magnetic correlation becomes evident from diffuse scattering observed at 2 K. The diffuse scattering has been interpreted in terms of a Blech-Averbach function. Received: 30 June 1998 / Revised, accepted: 3 March 1999  相似文献