2006年4月17日北京特大降尘的地球化学特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张崧  刘平  靳春胜  韩家懋  秦小光  刘东生 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(3)

2006年4月17日北京遭遇了近年来最为严重的一次降尘天气。分析了降尘的主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征,并与洛川马兰黄土和几次北京降尘进行对比,结果显示本次北京降尘与洛川马兰黄土具有相似的元素分布模式,表明与黄土具有相似的物质组成,并在搬运过程中经历了充分的混合,同时,北京降尘与黄土相比具有一定程度的差异性,表现为北京降尘中Mg、Na相时富集,Ca明显亏损并含有较高的烧失量,降尘CIA值较低,表明降尘源区化学风化程度较弱,处于化学风化的初始阶段,降尘∑REE显著高于黄土,同时轻、重稀土分馏程度也较黄土高,4次北京降尘间稀土元素分布模式对比表明,粒度是影响重稀土元素间分馏程度不同的主要因素。  相似文献   

Rethinking the N(H₂)/I(CO) conversion factor     

W. F. Wall 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,379(2):674-688

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近2Ma帕里西-维拉海盆沉积物中碎屑组分粒度特征及其物源和古气候意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周宇  蒋富清  徐兆凯  方海超  张晋  李安春 《海洋科学》2015,39(9):86-93

对帕里西-维拉海盆PV090102孔深海沉积物中碎屑组分进行了粒度分析。结果表明,沉积物碎屑组分的平均粒径为3.2μm,粒径总体变化范围在0.5~32μm,粒度频率分布呈双峰负偏态特征。利用Weibull分布函数对粒度数据进行拟合,分离出粗、细两个不同的端元组分。细粒端元的粒径分布范围较窄,大多在0.5~16μm,峰值较高,众数粒径约为2μm,其特征与北太平中部风尘一致,推测主要为来源于亚洲大陆的风尘,它的百分含量在60%~90%,是碎屑组分的主要物质来源。粗粒端元的粒径分布范围较宽,约为1.6~32μm,峰较扁平,粒径的众数在10μm左右,主要是来自于周围海脊和岛弧的火山物质。PV090102孔沉积物碎屑组分中不同粒度组分对近2 Ma以来亚洲大陆干旱和大气环流系统增强有很好的响应,同时还记录了0.5 Ma以来西太平洋火山活动增强。这些研究结果表明西北太平洋沉积物的粒度组成有助于重建第四纪以来东亚大陆干旱和大气环流历史。  相似文献   

2015年4月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周康辉  方翀 《气象》2015,41(7):915-920

2015年4月环流特征如下：极涡为偶极型环流,极涡主体位于格陵兰西侧与加拿大之间,另一中心位于亚洲的东北部;两个极涡中心较常年平均偏低4~8 dagpm,乌拉尔山高压脊偏高8~12 dagpm;副热带高压面积偏大、西脊点偏西,南支槽位置与强度接近常年平均;4月全国平均气温11.6℃,较常年同期（11℃）偏高0.6℃;全国平均降水量43 mm,接近常年同期（44.7 mm）,我国中东部长江以北地区降水偏多,江南、华南降水偏少。4月全国强对流天气过程频发,1—4、19—20和28—29日出现了范围较大的强对流天气。北方地区出现2次沙尘天气。  相似文献   

Lidar Methods for Observing Mineral Dust          下载免费PDF全文

Nobuo SUGIMOTO  HUANG Zhongwei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(2):173-184

Lidar methods for observing mineral dust aerosols are reviewed.These methods include Mie scattering lidars,polarization lidars,Raman scattering lidars,high-spectral-resolution lidars,and fluorescence lidars.Some of the lidar systems developed by the authors and the results of the observations and applications are introduced.The largest advantage of the lidar methods is that they can observe vertical distribution of aerosols continuously with high temporal and spatial resolutions.Networks of ground-based lidars provide useful data for understanding the distribution and movement of mineral dust and other aerosols.The lidar network data are actually used for validation and assimilation of dust transport models,which can evaluate emission,transport,and deposition of mineral dust.The lidar methods are also useful for measuring the optical characteristics of aerosols that are essential to assess the radiative effects of aerosols.Evolution of the lidar data analysis methods for aerosol characterization is also reviewed.Observations from space and ground-based networks are two important approaches with the lidar methods in the studies of the effects of mineral dust and other aerosols on climate and the environment.Directions of the researches with lidar methods in the near future are discussed.  相似文献   

Extraterrestrial chromite distribution across the mid-Ordovician Puxi River section, central China: Evidence for a global major spike in flux of L-chondritic matter     

Anders Cronholm  Birger Schmitz 《Icarus》2010,208(1):36-155

Previous studies of mid-Ordovician limestone in Sweden have shown that over a stratigraphic interval representing a few million years there is a two orders-of-magnitude enrichment in fossil L-chondritic meteorites (Ø = 1-21 cm) and sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial chromite (EC) grains (>63 μm). This has been interpreted as a dramatic increase in the flux of L-chondritic matter to Earth following the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body, which based on Ar-Ar gas retention ages (470 ± 6 Ma) of recently fallen meteorites occurred at about this time. Here we show that the general trend in the distribution of sediment-dispersed EC grains can be reproduced in the Puxi River section in central China. A total of 288 kg of limestone was searched for chrome spinels. In samples spanning the lower 8 m of the section, representing the Paroistodus originalis and Lenodus antivariabilis conodont zones, a total of 110 kg of limestone yielded only one EC grain. Similarly to the Swedish sections, EC grains begin to be common in the overlying L. variabilis Zone and remain common throughout the upper 9 m of the section, representing the L. variabilis, Yangtzeplacognathus crassus and L. pseudoplanus zones. In this part of the section 178 kg of limestone yielded 290 EC grains, with an average chemical composition very similar to chromite from recent L chondrites. In most of the beds over this interval one finds 1-4 EC grains per kilogram rock, a clear two orders-of-magnitude enrichment relative to the lower part of the section. Small bed-by-bed variations in the EC content over the upper interval most likely reflect small variations in sedimentation rates. The Puxi River section contains only very rare terrestrial chrome spinel grains, which can be distinguished already by their rounded, abraded appearance compared to the angular, pristine extraterrestrial spinels. In the mid-Ordovician, based on paleoplate reconstructions, the Puxi River site was positioned at mid-latitudes on the southern hemisphere a couple of thousand kilometers east of the Swedish sites. The prominent enrichment of EC grains over the same stratigraphic interval in China and Sweden is supporting evidence for a dramatic increase in the flux of L-chondritic matter to Earth shortly after the disruption of the L-chondrite parent body in the asteroid belt.  相似文献   

Structure of the Earth’s circumsolar dust ring     

William T. Reach 《Icarus》2010,209(2):848-850

Interplanetary dust particles from comets and asteroids pervade the Solar System and become temporarily trapped into orbital resonances with Earth, leading to a circumsolar dust ring. Using the unique vantage point of the Spitzer Space Telescope from its Earth-trailing solar orbit, we have measured for the first time the azimuthal structure of the Earth’s resonant dust ring. There is a relative paucity of particles within 0.1 AU of the Earth, followed by an enhancement in a cloud that is centered 0.2 AU behind Earth with a width of 0.08 AU along the Earth’s orbit. The North ecliptic pole is ∼3% brighter at 8 μm wavelength when viewed from inside the enhancement. The presence of azimuthal asymmetries in debris disks around other stars is considered strong evidence for planets. By measuring the properties of the Earth’s resonant ring, we can provide “ground truth” to models for interactions of planets and debris disks, possibly leading to improved predictions for detectability of life-bearing planets. The low amplitude of the azimuthal asymmetry in the Earth’s circumsolar ring suggests significant contributions to the zodiacal light from particles that are large (>30 μm) or have large orbital eccentricity that makes capture into mean motion resonances inefficient.  相似文献   

A meteoroid stream survey using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar: II: Identification of minor showers using a 3D wavelet transform     

P. Brown  D.K. Wong  R.J. Weryk  P. Wiegert 《Icarus》2010,207(1):66-81

A 7 year survey using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR), a specular backscattering orbital radar, has produced three million individually measured meteoroid orbits for particles with mean mass near 10⁻⁷ kg. We apply a 3D wavelet transform to our measured velocity vectors, partitioning them into 1° solar longitude bins while stacking all 7 years of data into a single “virtual” year to search for showers which show annual activity and last for at least 3 days. Our automated stream search algorithm has identified 117 meteor showers. We have recovered 42 of the 45 previously described streams from our first reconnaissance survey (Brown, P., Weryk, R.J., Wong, D.K., Jones, J. [2008]. Icarus 195, 317-339). Removing possible duplicate showers from the automated results leaves 109 total streams. These include 42 identified in survey I and at least 62 newly identified streams. Our large data sample and the enhanced sensitivity of the 3D wavelet search compared to our earlier survey have allowed us to extend the period of activity for several major showers. This includes detection of the Geminid shower from early November to late December and the Quadrantids from early November to mid-January. Among our newly identified streams are the Theta Serpentids which appears to be derived from 2008 KP and the Canum Venaticids which have a similar orbit to C/1975 X1 (Sato). We also find evidence that nearly 60% of all our streams are part of seven major stream complexes, linked via secular invariants.  相似文献   

我国北方区域沙尘天气的时间特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴占华  任国玉 《气象科技》2007,35(1):96-100

将我国北方沙尘主要影响区划分为3个区（西北区、华北区、东北区）,用网格面积加权计算区域平均的方法,比较了各区沙尘天气的时间演化特征。结果表明：西北部沙尘日数的量级明显多于东北部;沙尘暴的发生有比较明显的日变化特征,各区白天较夜间更易发生沙尘暴,2区（华北区）和3区（东北区）发生沙尘暴初始时刻的峰值出现在14：00,1区（西北区）出现在15：00～16：00;2区和3区出现沙尘天气的极值在4月,而1区在4、5两个月都是极值期;春季是各区沙尘天气的多发期,1区夏季沙尘天气发生的频次也较高;各区的沙尘日数均在20世纪80年代中期前后发生了由多到少的跃变,1区和2区的突变点在1987年,3区在1983年。我国北方3个区沙尘天气的日、月、季节变化有明显的区域特征,其中1区表现得较为独特,2区和3区则比较接近。  相似文献   

Reddening law and interstellar dust properties along Magellanic sight-lines     

Frédéric Zagury 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,312(1-2):113-125

This study establishes that SMC, LMC and Milky Way extinction curves obey the same extinction law which depends on the 2200 Å bump size and one parameter, and generalizes the Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (Cardelli et al., Astrophys. J. 345, 245, 1989) relationship. This suggests that extinction in all three galaxies is of the same nature. The role of linear reddening laws over all the visible/UV wavelength range, particularly important in the SMC but also present in the LMC and in the Milky Way, is also highlighted and discussed.  相似文献