Quantitative analysis of the geometry of submarine external levées     

Takeshi Nakajima  Benjamin C. Kneller 《Sedimentology》2013,60(4):877-910

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乙腈-硫酸铵-水双水相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定地下水中苯并(a)芘和苯并(e)芘     

王磊  安彩秀  朱裕穗  肖凡  刘金巍 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):325-329

传统的液液萃取技术主要采用与水不相溶的有机溶剂作萃取剂,这种异相萃取的传质速率一般较低,需反复振荡或多次萃取.本文建立了以乙腈-硫酸铵-水的双水相萃取体系高效液相色谱法测定地下水中苯并(a)芘和苯并(e)芘的方法,以密度比水小的乙腈为萃取剂,将其与水样混合(互溶)获得乙腈-水体系,然后加入硫酸铵,溶液澄清、分相后取上层有机相(乙腈)进样分析.考察了萃取剂的选择、双水相的形成条件、离子强度以及pH等对测定结果的影响.两种化合物线性范围为2.00～ 400.00 ng/mL,相关系数大于0.999.方法检出限为0.012～0.020 ng/mL,平均回收率为94.6％～97.3％,相对标准偏差为1.3％ ～2.5％.与传统萃取方法相比,该方法具有操作流程简单、快速的特点,可实现对野外环境水样进行原地样品前处理.  相似文献   

Tectonique superposée de la zone de faille d’Arakapas (Massif de Troodos,Chypre)     

Lapierre Henriette  Angelier Jacques  Cogné Xavier  Grand Thierry  Mascle Georges 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):197-206

Résumén

Une analyse tectonique du couloir faillé d’Arakapas est menée à partir de la mesure de plus de 3 000 plans striés relevés dans les formations ophiolitiques du Troodos et du Kellaki. Des mesures ont également été effectuées dans les formations du Crétacé terminal — Paléogène et du Néogène, afin de préciser l’âge des différents stades de la déformation. Elles ont été traitées par les méthodes des dièdres droits et du calcul du tenseur des contraintes. Il est montré que le couloir d’Arakapas a été le siège de plusieurs déformations successives. Au Néogène règne un régime en extension qui succède à un jeu décrochant dextre contemporain des compressions d’âge Crétacé terminal à Miocène. Un jeu décrochant antérieur peut-être mis en évidence. Il serait compatible avec le fonctionnement en faille transformante océanique proposé par divers auteurs.  相似文献   

Nickel Isotope Variations in Terrestrial Silicate Rocks and Geological Reference Materials Measured by MC‐ICP‐MS     

Bleuenn Gueguen  Olivier Rouxel  Emmanuel Ponzevera  Andrey Bekker  Yves Fouquet 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(3):297-317

Although initial studies have demonstrated the applicability of Ni isotopes for cosmochemistry and as a potential biosignature, the Ni isotope composition of terrestrial igneous and sedimentary rocks, and ore deposits remains poorly known. Our contribution is fourfold: (a) to detail an analytical procedure for Ni isotope determination, (b) to determine the Ni isotope composition of various geological reference materials, (c) to assess the isotope composition of the Bulk Silicate Earth relative to the Ni isotope reference material NIST SRM 986 and (d) to report the range of mass‐dependent Ni isotope fractionations in magmatic rocks and ore deposits. After purification through a two‐stage chromatography procedure, Ni isotope ratios were measured by MC‐ICP‐MS and were corrected for instrumental mass bias using a double‐spike correction method. Measurement precision (two standard error of the mean) was between 0.02 and 0.04‰, and intermediate measurement precision for NIST SRM 986 was 0.05‰ (2s). Igneous‐ and mantle‐derived rocks displayed a restricted range of δ^60/58Ni values between ?0.13 and +0.16‰, suggesting an average BSE composition of +0.05‰. Manganese nodules (Nod A1; P1), shale (SDO‐1), coal (CLB‐1) and a metal‐contaminated soil (NIST SRM 2711) showed positive values ranging between +0.14 and +1.06‰, whereas komatiite‐hosted Ni‐rich sulfides varied from ?0.10 to ?1.03‰.  相似文献   

Preparation of Four Chromium Ore Reference Materials     

Zhizhong Cheng  Hongku Huang  Mei Liu  Tiexin Gu  Weidong Yan  Mingcai Yan 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(1):95-101

The preparation and characterisation of four chromium ore reference materials are described in this paper. The sample material for GCr‐1, GCr‐3 and GCr‐4 was collected from chromite deposits in Tibet, Qinghai province and Inner Mongolia. GCr‐2 is a composite sample from GCr‐1 and GCr‐4. Sample homogeneity was tested by WD‐XRF and the relative standard deviations were < 1.0%. An F‐test showed that all four materials were homogeneous. Thirteen laboratories involved in the inter‐laboratory programme provided 672 determinations (eighteen oxides and elements). Sixteen components were characterised as certified values, of which Cr₂O₃ ranged from 17.59 to 57.80% m/m. The contents of FeO and CO₂ were taken as reference values.  相似文献   

Modélisation de la structure de dépendance hauteur—durée d'événements pluvieux par la copule de Gumbel     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):802-817

Résumé

L'objet de cet article est la mise en évidence de la structure de dépendance de deux variables hydrologiques: la hauteur (ou volume) de pluie et sa durée. La dépendance est prospectée par chi plot et Kendall (K) plot, et mesurée grâce à deux coefficients de corrélation de rang: le τ de Kendall et le ρ de Spearman. La distribution conjointe du couple hauteur de pluie—durée est construite à l'aide de la copule de Gumbel. Les durées sont ajustées par la loi GEV et les hauteurs de pluie par la loi de Burr XII étendue à trois paramètres. Pour l'adéquation des lois marginales, le test d'Anderson-Darling a été utilisé. L'identification de la copule parmi trois modèles courants (Gumbel, Frank et Clayton) est réalisée par: (a) la comparaison entre les versions empiriques des fonctions K, J, M, L et R et leurs versions théoriques, et (b) le test du χ² bidimensionnel. Cette approche par les copules a permis la reconstitution par simulation de l'échantillon hauteur de pluie—durée d'événements pluvieux à la station du lac collinaire Saddine 1 (35°48′06″N; 9°04′09″E).  相似文献   

Real time hybrid simulation: from dynamic system,motion control to experimental error     

Xiuyu Gao  Nestor Castaneda  Shirley J. Dyke 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(6):815-832

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) has increasingly been recognized as a powerful methodology to evaluate structural components and systems under realistic operating conditions. It is a cost effective approach compared with large scale shake table testing. Furthermore, it can maximally preserve rate dependency and nonlinear characteristics of physically tested (non)structural components. Although conceptually very attractive, challenges do exist that require comprehensive validation before RTHS should be employed to assess complicated physical phenomena. One of the most important issues that governs the stability and accuracy of an RTHS is the ability to achieve synchronization of boundary conditions between the computational and physical substructures. The objective of this study is to propose and validate an H_∞ loop shaping design for actuator motion control in RTHS. Controller performance is evaluated in the laboratory using a worst‐case substructure proportioning scheme. A modular, one‐bay, one‐story steel moment resisting frame specimen is tested experimentally. Its deformation is kept within the linear range for ready comparison with the reference closed‐form solution. Both system analysis and experimental results show that the proposed H_∞ strategy can significantly improve both the stability limit and test accuracy compared with several existing strategies. Another key feature of the proposed strategy is its robust performance in terms of unmodeled dynamics and uncertainties, which inevitably exist in any physical system. This feature is essential to enhance test quality for specimens with nonlinear dynamic behavior, thus ensuring the validity of the proposed approach for more complex RTHS implementations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Grain-size characteristics and climate variability in TMS5e sequence of Tumen section in southern Tengger Desert, northwestern China     

Xiaohao Wen  Baosheng Li  Fengnian Wang  Yanming Zheng  Dongfeng Niu  Yuejin Si  Xianjiao Ou 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(1):48-62

The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section,at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China,is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e(MIS5e).It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands,11 layers of lacustrine loess-like facies,and 5 layers of lacustrine facies.The results of grain-size analysis shows that the palaeo-mobile dune sands,palaeo-fixed to semi-fixed dune sands and loess-like sandy loams are mainly composed of sands,ranging from 70% to 96%;their silt contents ranged from 4% to 20%,and their clay contents ranged from 1% to 5%;the climate under which the aeolian dune sands were deposited is similar to that under which modern mobile dune sands form,which is caused by the dominance of the cold,dry East Asian winter monsoon.In contrast,the lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies had a lower sand contents than those of the three aeolian dune sands,but have higher silt and clay contents,most of their sand content ranged from 30% to 60%,their silt contents ranged from 35% to 55%,and their clay contents ranged from 6% to 20%.The lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies formed under the influence of the warm,humid East Asian summer monsoon based on their similarity with modern sediments.The grain-size indicator Mz(mean grain diameter) and the SC/D value in the TMS5e sequence indicate climatic insta-bility at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert during MIS5e,with at least 14 fluctuations between a warm,humid climate and a cold,dry climate,divided into five stages:TMS5e5(139 kyr to 129.3 kyr B.P.),TMS5e4(129.3 kyr to 124 kyr B.P.),TMS5e3(124 kyr to 119.5 kyr B.P.),TMS5e2(119.5 kyr to 116.5 kyr B.P.),and TMS5e1(116.5 kyr to 113.7 kyr B.P.).These correspond roughly to MIS5e5,MIS5e4,MIS5e3,MIS5e2,and MIS5e1,respectively,in the GRIP ice core data.  相似文献   

Geomorphic evidence of major sea-level fluctuations during marine isotope substage-5e, Cape Cuvier, Western Australia     

M.J. O'Leary  P.J. Hearty  M.T. McCulloch 《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):595-602

A detailed geomorphologic and morphostratigraphic investigation of raised marine terraces at Cape Cuvier, Western Australia, reveals two morphologically distinct units. A lower, well-developed accretional reef terrace between 3 and 5.5 m above MLWS (mean low-water springs; hereafter denoted as “+”) represents an extended interval of stable sea level. An upper erosional terrace and incipient coralgal rim between + 8.5 to 10.5 m represents a brief sea-level stillstand at this higher elevation. These features suggest the lower and upper terraces developed during discrete sea-level events. In an attempt to better define the timing of emplacement of each marine unit, 20 coral samples collected along vertical and lateral reef growth axis from both terraces were analysed with U-series dating. Unfortunately, all coral samples exhibited elevated δ²³⁴U_initial values, suggesting that pervasive uptake of ²³⁴U-enriched uranium and ²³⁰Th thorium had occurred. Despite the shortcomings of absolute dating, a succession of events can be resolved though morphostratigraphic relationships. Comparison of the facies relationships, coral growth, and morphostratigraphic features between the lower and upper terraces indicates that an early to mid MIS 5e stillstand at + 3 to 5 m was followed by a late rise to + 8.5 to 10.5 m. This agrees with an emerging global view of MIS 5e sea-level history derived from stable carbonate platforms, rejecting the hypothesis that these higher sea-level benchmarks are an artefact of localized tectonic processes.  相似文献   

Mineral chemistry of a Cenozoic igneous complex,the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt,Iran: Petrological implications for the plutonic rocks          下载免费PDF全文

Maryam Honarmand  Nematollah Rashidnejad Omran  Franz Neubauer  Ghasem Nabatian  Mohammad Hashem Emami  Manfred Bernroider  Jamshid Ahmadian  Mohammad Ebrahimi  Xiaoming Liu 《Island Arc》2016,25(2):137-153

The Niyasar plutonic complex, one of the Cenozoic magmatic assemblages in the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic belt, was the subject of detailed petrographic and mineralogical investigations. The Niyasar magmatic complex is composed of Eocene to Oligocene mafic rocks and Miocene granitoids. Eleven samples, representing the major rock units in the Niyasar magmatic complex and contact aureole were chosen for mineral chemical studies and for estimation of the pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions of mineral crystallization during emplacement of various magmatic bodies. The analyzed samples are composed of varying proportions of quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, hornblende, biotite, titanite, magnetite, apatite, zircon, garnet, and clinopyroxene. Application of the Al‐in‐hornblende barometer indicates pressures of around 0.2 to 0.4 kbar for the Eocene–Oligocene mafic bodies and around 0.5 to 1.7 kbar for the Miocene granitoids. Hornblende‐plagioclase thermometry yields relatively low temperatures (661–780 °C), which probably reflect late stage re‐equilibration of these minerals. The assemblage titanite–magnetite–quartz as well as hornblende composition were used to constrain the oxygen fugacity and H₂O content during the crystallization of the parent magmas in the Miocene plutons. The results show that the Miocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with relatively high oxygen fugacity and high H₂O content (~5 wt% H₂O). The Miocene granitoids show similar range of oxygen fugacity, H₂O contents and mineral chemical compositions, which indicate a common source for their magmas. Although the crystallization pressures of the Miocene plutons discriminate various categories of plutonic bodies emplaced at depths of about 5.7–6.5 km (Marfioun pluton), about 4.2 km (Ghalhar pluton) and 1.9–2.3 km (Poudalg pluton), they were later uplifted to the same level by vertical displacement of faults. The emplacement depths of the Niyasar plutons suggest that the central part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic belt has experienced an uplift rate of ca. 0.25–0.4 mm/yr from the Miocene onwards.  相似文献