Facies architecture and Late Pliocene – Pleistocene evolution of a felsic volcanic island, Milos, Greece     

Andrew L. Stewart  Jocelyn McPhie 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2006,68(7-8):703-726

The volcanic island of Milos, Greece, comprises an Upper Pliocene –Pleistocene, thick (up to 700 m), compositionally and texturally diverse succession of calc-alkaline, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks that record a transition from a relatively shallow but dominantly below-wave-base submarine setting to a subaerial one. The volcanic activity began at 2.66±0.07 Ma and has been more or less continuous since then. Subaerial emergence probably occurred at 1.44±0.08 Ma, in response to a combination of volcanic constructional processes and fault-controlled volcano-tectonic uplift. The architecture of the dominantly felsic-intermediate volcanic succession reflects contrasts in eruption style, proximity to source, depositional environment and emplacement processes. The juxtaposition of submarine and subaerial facies indicates that for part of the volcanic history, below-wave base to above-wave base, and shoaling to subaerial depositional environments coexisted in most areas. The volcanic facies architecture comprises interfingering proximal (near vent), medial and distal facies associations related to five main volcano types: (1) submarine felsic cryptodome-pumice cone volcanoes; (2) submarine dacitic and andesitic lava domes; (3) submarine-to-subaerial scoria cones; (4) submarine-to-subaerial dacitic and andesitic lava domes and (5) subaerial lava-pumice cone volcanoes. The volcanic facies are interbedded with a sedimentary facies association comprising sandstone and/or fossiliferous mudstone mainly derived from erosion of pre-existing volcanic deposits. The main facies associations are interpreted to have conformable, disconformable, and interfingering contacts, and there are no mappable angular unconformities or disconformities within the volcanic succession.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at  相似文献   

茌平县城区地下水资源开发利用面临的问题及对策研究     

贾廷泉  赵长征  田超 《地下水》2006,28(3):43-45

通过研究茌平县城区地下水资源条件及开发利用现状,根据可持续发展的战略思想对其地下水开发利用中面临的问题进行分析,提出了相应的对策和措施,即"开源"与"节流"并举;完善水资源管理体制,实现水资源的优化配置;加强法制建设,科学管理地下水;搞好分层取水,开发利用微咸水;健全完善地下水监测网络,保证地下水资源的可持续开发利用.  相似文献   

辽宁省铁-法煤田地表沉陷变形研究     

张振文  梁越 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(3):73-76

针对铁-法煤田因采矿引发的地面沉降和地面塌陷两种地质灾害进行研究,认为采法、采区、采深、采高、顶板管理是影响沉陷灾害的直接因素;岩性、构造、水文地质条件及矿坑降水是影响沉陷灾害的间接因素。其中矿坑降水是不可忽视的重要因素。根据地下水降深、降落漏斗影响半径、岩土工程地质性质,计算降水引发的地表沉降值、水平移动、倾斜、曲率现状值。现有的地表变形曲线为采矿和降水引发地表变形曲线的叠加。可得出可靠的灾害危险性分区。  相似文献   

基于人工神经网络的砂土液化势评价   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

徐洪钟  吴浩 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(1):16-18

本文利用静力触探（ＣＰＴ）场地液化数据,建立了液化势判定的反向传播神经网络模型,研究表明,同传统方法相比,人工神经网络方法在判别砂土液化势方面是可行的。  相似文献   

层状介质中膨胀圆台体震源模型的应力场、应变场及位移场计算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

马钦忠  钱家栋 《地震工程学报》1997,19(4):30-39

用两层介质中存在的一膨胀圆台体作为模型以便模拟地幔物质上涌孕震的力源模式．计算了层状介质结构条件下结构底部膨胀圆台模拟力源在不同横向、纵向尺度以及不同锥角时的应力场、应变场及位移场的变化．结果表明，介质中及地表附近的应力场、应变场、位移场不仅与上涌力源的几何参数和物理参数有关，而且也受到层状介质结构参数的制约和影响．这种数值模拟不仅为解释上地幔物质向地壳下部侵入的现象提供了一种有意义的方法，而且表明对于考虑地幔物质上涌孕震过程有关的前兆场分布而言，必须认真考虑介质结构不均匀性问题．  相似文献   

Sedimentologic and stratigraphic constraints on emplacement of the Star Kimberlite, east–central Saskatchewan     

John-Paul Zonneveld  Bruce A. Kjarsgaard  Shawn E. Harvey  Larry M. Heaman  David H. McNeil  Kirsten Y. Marcia 《Lithos》2004,76(1-4):115-138

Diamond-bearing kimberlites in the Fort à la Corne region, east–central Saskatchewan, consist primarily of extra-crater pyroclastic deposits which are interstratified with Lower Cretaceous (Albian and Cenomanian) marine, marginal marine and continental sediments. Approximately 70 individual kimberlite occurrences have been documented. The Star Kimberlite, occurring at the southeastern end of the main Fort à la Corne trend, has been identified as being of economic interest, and is characterized by an excellent drill core database. Integration of multi-disciplinary data-sets has helped to refine and resolve models for emplacement of the Star Kimberlite. Detailed core logging has provided the foundation for sedimentological and volcanological studies and for construction of a regionally consistent stratigraphic and architectural framework for the kimberlite complex. Micropaleontologic and biostratigraphic analysis of selected sedimentary rocks, and U–Pb perovskite geochronology on kimberlite samples have been integrated to define periods of kimberlite emplacement. Radiometric age determination and micropaleontologic evidence support the hypothesis that multiple kimberlite eruptive phases occurred at Star. The oldest kimberlite in the Star body erupted during deposition of the predominantly continental strata of the lower Mannville Group (Cantuar Formation). Kimberlites within the Cantuar Formation include terrestrial airfall deposits as well as fluvially transported kimberlitic sandstone and conglomerate. Successive eruptive events occurred contemporaneous with deposition of the marginal marine upper Mannville Group (Pense Formation). Kimberlites within the Pense Formation consist primarily of terrestrial airfall deposits. Fine- to medium-grained cross-stratified kimberlitic (olivine-dominated) sandstone in this interval reflects reworking of airfall deposits during a regional marine transgression. The location of the source feeder vents of the Cantuar and Pense kimberlite deposits has not been identified. The youngest and volumetrically most significant eruptive events associated with the Star Kimberlite occur within the predominantly marine Lower Colorado Group (Joli Fou and Viking Formations). Kimberlite beds, which occur at several horizons within these units, consist of subaerial and marine fall deposits, the latter commonly exhibiting evidence of wave-reworking. Black shale-encased resedimented kimberlite beds, likely deposited as subaqueous debris flows and turbidites, are particularly common in the Lower Colorado Group. During its multi-eruptive history, the Star Kimberlite body is interpreted to have evolved from a feeder vent and overlying positive-relief tephra ring, into a tephra cone. Initial early Joli Fou volcanism resulted in formation of a feeder vent (200 m diameter) and tephra ring. Subsequent eruptions, dominated by subaerial deposits, partly infilled the crater and constructed a tephra cone. A late Joli Fou eruption formed a small (70 m diameter) feeder pipe slightly offset to the NW of the early Joli Fou feeder vent. Deposits from this event further infilled the crater, and were deposited on top of early Joli Fou kimberlite (proximal to the vent) and sediments of the Joli Fou Formation (distal to the vent). The shape of the tephra cone was modified during multiple marine transgression and regression cycles coeval with deposition of the Lower Colorado Group, resulting in wave-reworked kimberlite sand along the fringes of the cone and kimberlitic event deposits (tempestites, turbidites, debris flows) in more distal settings.  相似文献   

Engendering local government in post-apartheid South Africa – Experiences of female councillors in Durban (1996–2000)     

Nuthan Maharaj  Brij Maharaj 《GeoJournal》2004,61(3):263-272

This paper examines the participation of women in local government in the Durban Metro Area in the post-apartheid era. The primary purpose is to ascertain the degree of representation of women in local government structures and their influence on decision-making processes. The paper further attempts to determine the gender sensitivity of the male counterparts and their level of collaboration with female councillors. The gendered needs of women in local government and the various problems they experienced in office are highlighted. Finally, strategies to increase the participation of women in local government as well as to eradicate impediments, which they encounter, are advocated. The paper revealed that women have been under-represented in local government. Women who are elected into local government are discriminated against on grounds of gender and often race. They tend to be side-lined and marginalised in decision-making and in positions of power. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

一种在给定范围内确定GPS卫星个数的实用方法     

张玉生  张瑜  张永华  李玲玲 《全球定位系统》2003,28(3):28-30

给出了一种利用圆方程和直线方程判断GPS卫星是否落在观测站天顶圆锥体范围内的方法和判据。利用此方法可确定该范围内某一时刻有多少颗星，并可确定在不同天顶角下圆锥体内GPS卫星个数。  相似文献   

琼北全新世火山区火山系统的划分与锥体结构参数研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

魏海泉  白志达  胡久常  史兰斌  张秉良  徐德斌  孙谦  樊祺诚 《地震地质》2003,25(Z1):21-32

根据琼北全新世火山区内火山作用产物的成因类型与喷发物理过程的野外考察结果 ,结合航片解译资料 ,确定了该区火山作用的发育特征、形成期次与规模 ,并以此作为进一步评价火山灾害的基础 ;根据锥体形成后物理降解作用与时间的关系 ,讨论了琼北全新世火山区众多锥体结构参数之间的关系。研究结果为 :琼北全新世火山区分为 4个火山系统 ,即西北部的马鞍岭台地火山系统、东南部的雷虎岭盾片状火山系统、夹于二者之间的浩昌单成因火山系统和NW向裂隙式喷发系统。工作区内琼北新生代火山共计 5 9个 ,火山结构类型可分为火山锥、熔岩穹、熔岩湖与低平火山口等。在火山锥中 ,依据锥体组成与结构的差异又可进一步分为岩渣锥、溅落锥和混合锥等碎屑锥。琼北近代火山锥体高度多 <4 0m ,绝大多数锥体的底部直径 <5 0 0m。锥体底部直径和火口坑深度之间具有明显的正相关关系。由锥体底部直径与火口缘直径的差值与锥体高度投点图可以明显地区分出早期的低平火山口和晚期的不同类型锥体  相似文献   

方解石和白云石溶蚀实验热力学模型及地质意义   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

肖林萍  黄思静 《矿物岩石》2003,23(1):113-116

通过碳酸盐（方解石、白云石）溶蚀作用实验室模拟研究，建立了溶蚀作用的热力学模型方程，对埋藏成岩的3种不同温压条件下（348．15K，Mpa ,373．15K，25Mpa，403．15K，30MPa）碳酸盐溶蚀作用进行了定量研究。提出随着温度和压力的升高，碳酸盐溶解反应的吉布春播由能降低，因而溶解反应增强；在相同温度和压力的地质条件下，白云石较方解石更易溶蚀并形成次生孔隙，这为油气生成运移提供了有利的地下空间和通道。  相似文献