极地气象与全球变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卞林根  陈百炼  辛羽飞 《气象》2007,33(3):3-9

目前，全球变化加快，极地地区变化尤为突出，这对区域或全球的社会、经济和生态系统都将产生显著的影响。最明显的证据是极区的冰川和冰雪范围持续减少，永久冻土在消融和消失，北冰洋海冰范围和厚度减小。极地环境的变化跟地球其它区域的变化息息相关，如臭氧洞的形成与来自低纬度的污染物积聚有关。极地地区的科学研究非常重要，不断地给我们提出新的科学挑战。极地冰盖下和大面积海冰下存在着大量的未知领域，许多极地研究的前沿问题实际上存在于传统学科的交叉领域。因此，世界气象组织（WMO）和国际科联（ICSU）共同发起并于2007年3月1日启动实施2007-2008年国际极地年（IPY），旨在为极地气象学、海洋学、冰川和水文学等领域的科学研究和观测做出贡献，有助于发展更精确的海一冰一大气环流模式，进一步提高对天气预报和气候变化的预测和预估水平。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市近30a太阳辐射变化及其成因初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王健  张月华 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(3):30-32

利用乌鲁木齐市气象站1976—2005年太阳辐射和气象观测资料,分析乌鲁木齐市太阳辐射的变化及其成因。结果是:1990年以前总辐射、直接辐射是减少的,以后是增加的;而散射辐射在1986年之前递增、之后递减。初步认定总云量的减少、低云量的增加以及相对湿度的缓慢下降对太阳辐射变化有重要影响;从太阳辐射变化间接得出:近30a乌鲁木齐市空气污染总体有所减轻。  相似文献   

南极海冰北界涛动指数及其与我国夏季天气气候的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

马丽娟陆龙骅  卞林根 《应用气象学报》2007,18(4):568-572

南极海冰的变化和全球大气环流关系密切。南极各区海冰的不同变化, 对南北半球大气环流有着不同的影响。文中基于对南极海冰变化的客观分区, 定义了南极海冰北界涛动指数 (ASEOI), 并结合中央气象台提供的南方涛动指数、北半球500 hPa和100 hPa高度场资料以及我国160站降水、温度资料, 利用诊断分析方法, 对ASEOI与我国夏季天气气候的关系进行了研究。研究表明:ASEOI对我国长江中下游降水及全国大部分地区温度具有指示意义。若前一年10月ASEOI偏低, 则当年7月我国长江中下游降水偏多, 引发洪涝灾害的可能性很大; 温度场上, 我国北方气温偏高, 南方气温偏低, 而高温往往伴随着少雨, 这无疑会加剧华北本就严重的旱情。  相似文献   

Distribution and cycling of dimethylsulfide,dimethylsulfoniopropionate, and dimethylsulfoxide during spring and early summer in the Southern Ocean south of New Zealand     

Ronald P. Kiene  David J. Kieber  Doris Slezak  Dierdre A. Toole  Daniela A. del Valle  John Bisgrove  Jordan Brinkley  Alison Rellinger 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(3):305-319

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Global correlation for strontium isotope curve in the Late Cretaceous of Tibet and dating marine sediments   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

HUANG Sijing  SHI He  SHEN Licheng  ZHANG Meng & WU Wenhui State Key Laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir Geology  Exploitation  College of Geoscience  Chengdu University of Technology  Chengdu  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(2):199-209

87Sr/86Sr ratios of marine carbonate samples collected from a sedimentary section of the Late Cretaceous in the south of Tibet were measured. Based on the absence of cathodo-luminescence and a very low Mn/Sr ratio (average 0.06) of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the original seawater strontium isotope composition. The strontium isotope evolution curve of the Late Cretaceous in Tibet we established here, is consistent with other coeval curves from Europe, North America and Antarctica, supports the notion that the strontium isotope composition of seawater is governed by global events, which provides a new approach for the inter-continental and inter-basinal correlations of Late Cretaceous in the area and is a complementarity for biostratigraphy. In addition, we attempt to determine the age of the boundaries for Campanian/Santonian and Maastrichtian/Campanian by 87Sr/86Sr ratios for Gamba section in southern Tibet. The two boundaries are located in the thickness of 217 m (83.5 M  相似文献   

Atmospheric Mercury Concentrations from Several Observatory Sites in the Northern Hemisphere   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Ki-Hyun?KimEmail author  R.?Ebinghaus  W.?H.?Schroeder  P.?Blanchard  H.?H.?Kock  A.?Steffen  F.?A.?Froude  Min-Young?Kim  Sungmin?Hong  Jae-Hwan?Kim 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,50(1):1-24

In an effort to investigate both large-scale (spatial) and short/long-term (temporal) distribution characteristics of atmospheric mercury, we have combined and analyzed the Hg concentration data sets collected continuously by four different scientific groups for the areas and periods covering (1) America (three sites near the Canadian Great Lakes (CGL): 1997–2000), (2) Asia (Seoul, Korea (SEL): 1997–2002), (3) Arctic (Alert, Canada (ALT): 1995–2001), and (4) Europe (Mace Head, Ireland (MH): 1996–2002). The mean concentrations of Hg data from those widely dispersed monitoring stations were computed to be (1) 1.58 ± 0.23, 1.69 ± 0.32, and 1.93 ± 0.44 (three sites in CGL), (2) 5.06 ± 2.46 ng m^–3 (SEL), (3) 1.55 ± 0.41 (ALT), and (4) 1.76 ± 0.31 (MH). Intersite relationships were investigated among all different stations using the data groups divided into different temporal intervals. The analysis of diurnal variation patterns of Hg indicated differences in regional source/sink characteristics, with increasing amplitudes of variability toward areas under the strong influence of anthropogenic sources. When the analysis was made over different seasons, the patterns contrasted greatly between the Arctic and the other areas. It was found that the relative enhancement of Hg concentrations was dominant during winter/spring in most areas due to direct or indirect influences of anthropogenic emissions. However, the pattern for the Arctic area was distinguished pronouncedly from others with the spring minimum and summer maximum both of which reflect the potent effects of mercury depletion phenomenon (MDP). By contrast, no long-term trend, either being an increase or decrease, was evident from any of the stations during each respective study period. Although our initial attempts to examine the distribution characteristics of Hg analyzed by different scientific groups were successful, we feel that these efforts should be continued further to extend the compatibility of the global database of Hg.  相似文献   

经济全球化与农业区域发展：从自然同质的景观到网络中的异质区段   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘昭吟  林德福 《世界地理研究》2001,10(4):8-15

本文以台湾花卉苗木产业的发展为研究个案,探讨商品作物全球化的趋势下农业区域的新意义。台湾的花卉苗木产业崛起于1960年代末期,而于1990年代后期面临生产过剩危机。缓解危机的出路,一方面是产品结构向耐储运产品（盆花与苗木类）转移,另一方面生产与贸易向大陆内需市场转移,使台湾花卉苗木业者藉先发者的生产技术与通路优势,以跨界生产网络再结构其自身,也将台湾花卉产业进一步地镶嵌在更复杂,更动态,更不确定的全球经济的竞争中,从而挑战了传统的重粮主义的农业区域及其治理。  相似文献   

The response of climatic jump in summer in north china to global warming   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Huang Jiayou 《大气科学进展》2000,17(2):184-192

To reveal climatic variation over North China, the climatic jumps in summer in Beijing are analyzed using the data of precipitation of summer (June, July, August) during the period of 1841-1993, in which those missed before 1950 were reconstructed by the stepwise regression method with minimum forecast error. The climatic jumps at different scales are analyzed using different diagnostic methods with different decade (10-100 years) windows. Some new methods and ideas are proposed. The variance difference, the linear tendency difference, and the difference of power spectral distribution between the samples before and after the period at the moving point in the center of the series are compared with other methods (for example, Mann-Kendall test, t-test, and accumulative anomaly etc.). Considering the differences among the statistics above, a synthetic jump index is also proposed in order to get the definite jump points in the moving series. The results show that the climatic jumps in the area occurred in the 1890’s, the 1910s and the 1920s, and mostly in the 1920s, which suggests that the local climatic jumps in North China have a simultaneous response to the global warming in the hundred-year scales.  相似文献   

The Impact of Precipitation Scavenging on the Transport of Trace Gases: A 3-Dimensional Model Sensitivity Study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul J. Crutzen  Mark G. Lawrence 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,37(1):81-112

With the global Chemistry-Transport model MATCHsensitivity simulations were performed to determinethe degree to which especially upward transport ofgases from the earth's surface is limited byconvective and large-scale precipitation scavenging.When only dissolution of species in the liquid phaseis taken into account, mixing ratio reductions in themiddle and upper troposphere by 10% arecalculated for gases with a Henry's Law constant H of10³ mol/l/atm. The removal increases to 50% forH = 10⁴ mol/l/atm, and to 90% for H =10⁵ mol/l/atm. We also consider scavenging by theice phase, which is generally much less efficient thanby the aqueous phase. In fact, rejection of gases fromfreezing water droplets may be a source of trace gasat higher altitudes.H₂O₂ and the strong acids (H₂SO₄,HNO₃, HCl, HBr, HI) have such large solubilitiesthat they become largely removed by precipitation.When significant concentrations of these gases andsulfate aerosol exist above the liquid water domain ofthe atmosphere, they have likely been produced thereor at higher altitudes, although some could have comefrom trace gas rejection from ice particles or fromevaporating hydrometeors. Several other gases areaffected by precipitation, but not strongly enough toprevent fractional transfer to the middle and uppertroposphere: e.g., HNO₄, HNO₂ at pH 5,CH₂O, the organic acids at pH 6,CH₃SOCH₃, HOCl, HOBr, and HOI. NH₃ islargely removed by liquid phase scavenging at pH 7 and SO₂ atpH 7. At pH less thanabout 6, upward transport of SO₂ should largelydepend on the efficiency of oxidation processes in thewater droplets by O₃ and H₂O₂.Most gases have solubilities which are too low forsignificant precipitation scavenging and aqueous phaseoxidation to occur. This holds, e.g., for O₃, CO,the hydrocarbons, NO, NO₂, HCN, CH₃CN,CH₃SCH₃, CH₃O₂H, CH₃CHOandhigher aldehydes, CH₃OH and higher alcohols,peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), CH₃COCH₃ andother ketones (note that some of these are not listedin Table I because their solubilities are below 10mol/l/atm). Especially for the short-lived gases,transfer from the boundary layer to the middle andupper troposphere is actually promoted by the enhancedupward transport that occurs in clouds.  相似文献   

地表温度对太阳常数变化响应的数值试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张虹娇  朱伟军 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(5):626-631

通过改变太阳常数，利用NCAR气候系统模式CSM1．4就地表温度对强外辐射强迫变化的响应及性质进行了研究。结果表明：虽然局地的增温幅度变化很大，但各试验的全球增温分布特征非常相似，并从一定程度上反映了全球增暖典型试验中的增温分布特点，即陆地比海洋增暖幅度更强，高纬度地区比低纬度地区增暖幅度更强，这一特点在太阳常数增加较大的试验中表现尤为明显。气候系统响应的性质在太阳常数分别增加2，5％、10％和15％与增加25％之间其响应方式有所改变，即气候系统对较小太阳常数变化的响应是线性的，而对较大太阳常数变化的响应则很可能是非线性的。  相似文献