Seismic hazard disaggregation in performance‐based earthquake engineering: occurrence or exceedance?          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew J. Fox  Peter J. Stafford  Timothy J. Sullivan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(5):835-842

Seismic hazard disaggregation is commonly used as an aid in ground‐motion selection for the seismic response analysis of structures. This short communication investigates two different approaches to disaggregation related to the exceedance and occurrence of a particular intensity. The impact the different approaches might have on a subsequent structural analysis at a given intensity is explored through the calculation of conditional spectra. It is found that the exceedance approach results in conditional spectra that will be conservative when used as targets for ground‐motion selection. It is however argued that the use of the occurrence disaggregation is more consistent with the objectives of seismic response analyses in the context of performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the exact conditional spectrum and generalized conditional intensity measure methods for ground motion selection          下载免费PDF全文

N. Simon Kwong  Anil K. Chopra 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(5):757-777

Two existing, contemporary ground motion selection and modification procedures – (i) exact conditional spectrum (CS‐exact) and (ii) generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) – are evaluated in their ability to accurately estimate seismic demand hazard curves (SDHCs) of a given structure at a specified site. The amount of effort involved in implementing these procedures to compute a single SDHC is studied, and a case study is chosen where rigorous benchmark SDHCs can be determined for evaluation purposes. By comparing estimates from ground motion selection and modification procedures with the benchmark, we conclude that estimates from CS‐exact are unbiased in many of the cases considered. The estimates from GCIM are even more accurate, as they are unbiased for most – but not all – of the cases where estimates from CS‐exact are biased. We find that it is possible to obtain biased SDHCs from GCIM, even after employing a very diverse collection of intensity measures to select ground motions and implementing its bias‐checking feature, because it is usually difficult to identify intensity measures that are truly ‘sufficient’ for the response of a complex, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

硬夹层埋深对场地地震动参数的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张海  李克强  尤红兵  周泽辉 《地震工程学报》2016,38(6):935-941

选取某重要工程场地A3钻孔的厚度、剪切波速、密度等实际勘探数据,通过改变硬夹层的埋深,分析硬夹层不同埋深、不同地震时程对场地地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明:在硬夹层厚度不变和模型总厚度不变的情况下,地表水平向的峰值加速度随硬夹层埋深的增大而增大,但增幅逐渐减小;硬夹层埋深到达一定深度时不再影响地表水平峰值加速度;随着硬夹层埋深的增加,整个反应谱的谱值普遍增大。  相似文献   

反应位移法抗震设计中地基弹簧系数取值的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

丁德云  杨秀仁 《地震工程学报》2016,38(5):685-692

随着城市轨道交通工程抗震性能越来越受到关注,反应位移法作为一种简捷的抗震设计方法被大量应用于地下结构抗震设计中。地基弹簧系数的确定方法是反应位移法抗震设计中最为重要的因素之一,本文选取试验法、李英民法、MIDAS法和有限元法,结合北京典型地层,对比分析这四种方法地基弹簧系数取值对地下结构的弯矩、轴力和剪力的影响规律。结果表明:(1)在反应位移法计算中,地基弹簧系数取值对结构内力响应具有重要影响,对结构轴力和剪力的影响较大,而对于弯矩的影响相对较小;(2)地基弹簧系数获取方法优选试验法,在无地勘资料情况下,经验公式和有限元法可作为备选方法;(3)综合考虑四种不同地基弹簧系数确定方法对结构内力影响程度,为保证结构设计的安全性,可对试验法下结构内力进行系数修正,修正系数建议值为1.10。  相似文献   

兰州地区剪切波速实测误差分析与评价          下载免费PDF全文

陈卓识  董林  袁晓铭 《地震工程学报》2016,38(5):757-769

为了给兰州乃至西北地区的地震安全性评价和重大工程抗震设计提供参考,在兰州地区选取4个不同类别场地,完成由10家单位参加、使用不同仪器剪切波速现场测试误差专项实验,研究该地区剪切波速实测误差分布规律,讨论测试误差对地表加速度反应谱影响的统计特征,并给出该地区剪切波速测试误差评价。结果表明:兰州地区各单位剪切波速测试误差具有明显规律性,测试误差绝大部分符合标准正态分布,且误差大小不随深度和场地类别而改变;兰州地区波速测试水平优于全国平均水平,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地的剪切波速测试精度较高,偏差较小,其平均标准差可以定为10%;就兰州地区而言,其1倍波速测试标准差引起PGA最大偏差为25%,2倍标准差为50%;给定波速测试误差下反应谱变化程度与输入波形相关,输入波频率成分与场地频率成分接近的地震输入下,误差影响较大,反之则影响较小。  相似文献   

Response of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Suspension Bridge under spatially varying multi-point earthquake excitations     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

The study aims at investigating the structural behavior of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Suspension Bridge, i.e. the second Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, under multi-point earthquake excitations, and determining the earthquake performance of the bridge based on the results obtained from this analysis. For this objective, spatially varying ground motions in triple direction were produced for each support of the bridge considering the Mw=7.4 scenario earthquakes on the main Marmara Fault. In order to simulate the ground motions, modified stochastic finite-fault technique was utilized. Taking the ground motions into account, non-linear time-history analysis was carried out, and the results obtained from the analysis were compared to those from uniform support earthquake excitation to identify the effects of multi-point earthquake excitations on the seismic performance of the bridge. From the analysis, it was determined that modal response of the towers and the deck was mostly effective on dynamic response of the entire bridge rather than other structural elements, such as cable and approach viaduct. Compared to the results obtained from simple-point earthquake excitation, noticeable axial force increase in the cable elements was obtained under multi-point earthquake excitation. The changes at the main cable and the side span cable were determined as 21% and 18%, respectively. This much increase in the cable elements led to increase in axial force at the towers and in shear force at the base section of the tower column. These changes in the structural elements were closely related to response of the deck and the towers since they had considerable contribution to response of the entire bridge. Based on the findings from the study, spatially varying ground motions has to be considered for long span suspension bridges, and the multi-support earthquake analysis should be carried out for better understanding and obtaining reliable results necessary for retrofitting and performance evaluation.  相似文献   

Mitigation of reverse faulting deformation using a soil bentonite wall: Dimensional analysis,parametric study,design implications     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

Recent major seismic events, such as the Chi-Chi (1999) and the Wenchuan (2008) earthquakes occurred in Taiwan and China, have offered a variety of case histories on the performance of structures subjected to reverse faulting–induced deformation. A novel faulting mitigation method has recently been proposed, introducing a soft deformable wall barrier in order to divert the fault rupture away from the structure. This can be materialized by constructing a thick diaphragm-type soil bentonite wall (SBW) between the structure and the fault rupture path. The paper investigates the key parameters in designing such a SBW, aiming to mitigate the fault rupture hazard on shallow foundations. The paper employs a thoroughly validated finite element analysis methodology to explore the efficiency of a weak SBW barrier in protecting slab foundations from large tectonic deformation due to reverse faulting. A dimensional analysis is conducted in order to generalize the validity of the derived conclusions. The dimensionless formulation is then used to conduct a detailed parametric study, exploring the effect of SBW thickness w/H, depth H_SBWl/H, and shear strength τ_soil/τ_SBW, as well as the bedrock fault offset h/H, foundation surcharge load q/ρgB, and fault outcrop location s/B. It is shown that the wall thickness, depth, and shear strength should be designed on the basis of the magnitude of the bedrock fault offset, the location of the fault relative to the structure, and the shear strength of the soil. The efficiency of the weak barrier is improved using lower strength and stiffness material compared to the alluvium. A simplified preliminary design methodology is proposed, and presented in the form of a flowchart.  相似文献   

地震行业地面骨干网与应急卫星通信网互联路由设计方案的探讨     

章熙海  万群  杨乐 《震灾防御技术》2016,11(3):674-681

本文介绍了地震行业地面骨干网与应急卫星通信网的运行现状及互联存在的路由问题,讨论了实现两网互联的路由设计目标和策略,根据OSPF协议与BGP协议的特点和适用范围,提出了统一互联的接入方法,以及联合使用OSPF和BGP协议解决两网互联路由问题的具体方案,经网络仿真平台测试证明,该方案切实可行,效果良好。  相似文献   

震前蒙城地震台地脉动噪声的特征     

张明明  曾宪军  杨骏  应允翔  陈俊  汪继林 《防灾减灾学报》2016,(1):51-58

对本台数字化地震观测以来记录到的典型地震,运用数字地震信号处理方法,测算每个抽选地震震前一分钟地脉动信号在时间域和频率域的特征数据,通过频谱分析法,获得了震前地脉动噪声频谱的差异性。初步研究了典型地震震前地脉动频谱变化的特征和规律,共归纳了18类震前地脉动噪声类型,按照无震平静分钟值脉动频谱特征类比典型地震震前分钟值频谱的异样变化,发现正常与异常的地脉动噪声特征,最主要的还是受震级强度和地理位置的影响较大。临震前地脉动分钟值频谱特征异常,可用于震前脉动前兆异常变化跟踪,从而利用地脉动频谱的特征参量监测地震孕育过程,为地震中长期及短临预报提供依据。  相似文献   

随机介质理论预测近距离平行盾构引起的地表沉降     

魏纲  周杨侃 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z2):113-119

提出近距离双线水平平行盾构施工引起的总的地表沉降曲线符合正态分布规律。基于单线随机介质理论简化公式,针对现有不足,建立修正的随机介质理论简化计算公式,可以计算近距离双线平行盾构施工引起的地表沉降,同时能够考虑沉降曲线的不对称性,对计算参数取值进行了探讨。算例分析结果表明,文中方法预测值与实测值比较吻合,且计算比较简便。实测数据统计结果表明,先行隧道开挖后双线隧道的半径收敛值比先行隧道半径收敛值要大,而主要影响角则变小;提出可直接用于近距离界定的式（6）,认为双线隧道的地表沉降曲线形状与P值大小有关,近距离的界定范围为 。  相似文献