区域生态功能建设规划的原理与模拟探析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

毛锋  肖劲松  朱高洪  郑洋 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(4):5-10

在剖析区域演化历程中的生态功能变迁与导引的生态环境滞胀及危害基础上,着重利用系统生态学的原理和方法,探讨了可持续发展要求下的区域生态功能建设规划的目标、原理和研究的内容、方法及过程;提出了以产业结构、土地利用结构和空间格局调整为核心,制定区域生态功能建设规划的总体思路;创造性地将水土流失、污染物排放、社会经济发展、劳动力吸纳、人口容载和土地资源合理配置及城镇发展等模型融于一体,构建了案例区十堰市的生态环境功能综合调控模型,并借助DYNAMO语言,模拟得到了十堰市未来生态功能建设的优化方案。  相似文献   

饱和土地下源u-P形式解答动力响应计算     

丁伯阳  宋宥整 《岩土力学》2019,40(2):474-480

一直以来,由Biot孔隙弹性动力方程得到的饱和土地下源Green函数都是u-w形式（u为固相介质位移,w为流相相对于固相的平均位移）。应用两相介质纵波解耦理论,得到了饱和土半空间地下点源荷载的u-P形式（P为孔压）Green函数频域解答;克服了u-w形式Green函数在边界元（BEM）积分时的增根影响。再由Hankel反演,结合Somigliana表象积分,完成BEM计算。并以计算结果分析了地下集中力作用时,饱和土位移、孔压、排水量等动力特性,这对地铁等交通工程、地震工程、土-结构动力相互作用（SSI）的响应计算都具有较重要应用价值。  相似文献   

我国城市地下空间规划现状、问题与对策     

彭芳乐  乔永康  程光华  朱合华 《地学前缘》2019,26(3):57-68

地下空间规划是城市地下空间开发利用有序开展的重要保障。随着我国轨道交通建设的全面展开以及相关政策的陆续出台,我国城市地下空间开发利用必将迎来更大的发展。城市地下空间规划也在近年越来越得到重视。从目前各城市的地下空间规划实践来看,我国城市地下空间规划的技术体系已基本成型,但其中仍然存在着各种各样的问题。在摸清我国城市地下空间规划编制现状和实施效果的基础上,掌握我国城市地下空间规划所面临的问题,并结合未来地下空间发展趋势提出我国城市地下空间规划解决问题的对策,有助于城市地下空间规划理论和方法进一步完善,更好地保障我国城市地下空间事业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

Robust numerical implementation of a 3D rate-dependent model for reservoir geomechanical simulations     

Giovanni Isotton  Pietro Teatini  Massimiliano Ferronato  Carlo Janna  Nicolò Spiezia  Stefano Mantica  Giorgio Volonte 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(18):2752-2771

A 3D elasto-plastic rate-dependent model for rock mechanics is formulated and implemented into a Finite Element (FE) numerical code. The model is based on the approach proposed by Vermeer and Neher (A soft soil model that accounts for creep. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium “Beyond 2000 in Computational Geotechnics,” pages 249-261, 1999). An original strain-driven algorithm with an Inexact Newton iterative scheme is used to compute the state variables for a given strain increment.The model is validated against laboratory measurements, checked on a simplified test case, and used to simulate land subsidence due to groundwater and hydrocarbon production. The numerical results prove computationally effective and robust, thus allowing for the use of the model on real complex geological settings.  相似文献   

GB/T 18316-2008的使用探讨     

罗伏军 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(3)

从抽样检验的基本原理出发,结合对空间数据产品特点的理解,针对空间数据产品的抽样检验,从抽样方案、检验内容、质量评价等方面对现行的抽样检验标准GB/T 18316-2008进行了分析。探讨了该标准存在的缺陷对客观、科学、公正评价空间数据产品质量的影响以及解决方法,对GB/T18316-2008的修订有一定借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Management Challenges for Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Peri-urban Queensland     

Rachele Wilson  Tristan Pearce 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(2):203-217

It is often assumed that places of cultural significance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are protected under cultural heritage legislation such as the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 in Queensland. Such Acts are improvements on previous policies, which all but neglected Aboriginal cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the aims of policies developed at wider geographic scales, such as States within the Australian system, continue to be disconnected from the experiences of some local Traditional Owners. In this paper, we examine conflicts between non-local policy and on-ground management decisions for Aboriginal cultural heritage in peri-urban Queensland. We focus on the challenges of local Traditional Owners in peri-urban landscapes, basing our discussion on recent experiences conducting research on Indigenous land management in southeast Queensland. We examine three case studies: one in which colonial heritage values were prioritised over existing Aboriginal cultural heritage values, a second where local government failed to support a private landholder’s attempt to identify and protect a cultural heritage site, and a third where a cultural heritage site was protected but in a way that restricts the continuation of cultural practices. Developing more productive and equitable relationships between Traditional Owners and non-Indigenous decision makers, with regards to Aboriginal cultural heritage, requires new locally developed processes for engagement and we suggest how this could be achieved.  相似文献   

Options to overcome the barriers to pricing European agricultural emissions     

Godefroy Grosjean  Sabine Fuss  Nicolas Koch  Benjamin L. Bodirsky  Stéphane De Cara  William Acworth 《Climate Policy》2018,18(2):151-169

Although agriculture could contribute substantially to European emission reductions, its mitigation potential lies untapped and dormant. Market-based instruments could be pivotal in incentivizing cost-effective abatement. However, sector specificities in transaction costs, leakage risks and distributional impacts impede its implementation. The significance of such barriers critically hinges on the dimensions of policy design. This article synthesizes the work on emissions pricing in agriculture together with the literature on the design of market-based instruments. To structure the discussion, an options space is suggested to map policy options, focusing on three key dimensions of policy design. More specifically, it examines the role of policy coverage, instruments and transfers to farmers in overcoming the barriers. First, the results show that a significant proportion of agricultural emissions and mitigation potential could be covered by a policy targeting large farms and few emission sources, thereby reducing transaction costs. Second, whether an instrument is voluntary or mandatory influences distributional outcomes and leakage. Voluntary instruments can mitigate distributional concerns and leakage risks but can lead to subsidy lock-in and carbon price distortion. Third, the impact on transfers resulting from the interaction of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with emissions pricing will play a key role in shaping political feasibility and has so far been underappreciated.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Following the 2015 Paris Agreement, European climate policy is at a crossroads. Achieving cost-effectively the 2030 and 2050 European targets requires all sectors to reduce their emissions. Yet, the cornerstone of European climate policy, the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), covers only about half of European emissions. Major sectors have been so far largely exempted from carbon pricing, in particular transport and agriculture. While transport has been increasingly under the spotlight as a possible candidate for an EU ETS sectoral expansion, policy discussions on pricing agricultural emissions have been virtually absent. This article attempts to fill this gap by investigating options for market-based instruments to reduce agricultural emissions while taking barriers to implementation into account.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of pilot carbon emissions trading systems in China     

Zhe Deng  Dongya Li  Tao Pang 《Climate Policy》2018,18(8):992-1011

China is in the process of establishing a national emissions trading system (ETS). Evaluating the implementation effectiveness of the seven pilot ETSs in China is critical for designing this national system. This study administered a questionnaire survey to assess the behaviour of enterprises covered by the seven ETS pilots from the perspective of: the strictness of compliance measures; rules for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); the mitigation pressure felt by enterprises; and actual mitigation and trading activities. The results show that the pilot MRV and compliance rules have not yet been fully implemented. The main factors involved are the lack of compulsory force of the regulations and the lack of policy awareness within the affected enterprises. Most enterprises have a shortage of free allowances and thus believe that the ETSs have increased their production costs. Most enterprises have already established mitigation targets. Some of the covered enterprises are aware of their own internal emission reduction costs and most of these have used this as an important reference in trading. Many enterprises have accounted for carbon prices in their long-term investment. The proportion of enterprises that have participated in trading is fairly high; however, reluctance to sell is quite pervasive in the market, and enterprises are mostly motivated to trade simply in order to achieve compliance. Few enterprises are willing to manage their allowances in a market-oriented manner. Different free allowance allocation methods directly affect the pathways enterprises take to control emissions.

Key policy insights

• In the national ETS, the compulsory force of ETS provisions should be strengthened.

• A reasonable level of free allowance shortage should be ensured to promote emission reduction by enterprises.

• Sufficient information should be provided to guide enterprises in their allowance management to activate the market.

• To promote the implementation of mitigation technologies by enterprises, actual output-based allocation methods should be used.

• The government should use market adjustment mechanisms, such as a price floor and ceiling, to ensure that carbon prices are reasonable and stable, so as to guide long-term low carbon investment.

  相似文献   

城市设计在青岛海岸规划中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴碧君  胡泽建 《海岸工程》1998,17(1):59-63

在分析青岛海岸工程的特点及遍海岸工程对城市风貌影响影响的基础上,应用城市设计学对青岛的海岸规划与布局提出构想,并以沙子口海岸整治为例,提出滨海城市设计中适宜的岸线和海岸整治工程。  相似文献   

浅谈测绘监理在第三次国土调查中的运用 ——以益阳市第三次国土调查监理为例     

詹艳春 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2021,18(1):86-90

从1988年建设部颁布《关于开展建设监理工作的通知》算起,在我国工程建设领域推行工程监理制度已有三十多年历史。工程监理在工程建设过程中发挥了重要作用,我国目前在工程领域建立了完善的监理法规及标准体系,形成了较为完整的工程监理机制。但在测绘领域,全面推行测绘监理仍尚需时日,有待健全。湖南省各市州第三次国土调查项目引入了监理机制,是测绘行业的一大进步。笔者以益阳市第三次国土调查监理为例,阐述测绘监理在国土调查中的作用,介绍如何开展监理工作,以及浅谈自己对测绘监理的理解和建议。  相似文献