四川乌斯河铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因:来自原位S-Pb同位素证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韦晨  叶霖  李珍立  胡宇思  黄智龙  刘玉平  王皓宇 《岩石学报》2020,36(12):3783-3796

乌斯河铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西南缘,是川滇黔铅锌矿集区代表性大型铅锌矿床之一,估算资源量超过370万吨,Pb+Zn平均品位~15.7%。该矿床铅锌矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状产于震旦系灯影组的白云岩地层中,其围岩蚀变较弱,以白云石化和方解石化为主。矿石类型主要包括块状、条带状、角砾状、脉状和浸染状等,其中矿物组成相对简单,以闪锌矿、方铅矿、白云石和方解石为主,含少量沥青和黄铁矿。该矿床地质地球化学研究程度相对较低,其成矿物质来源不清,致使该矿床存在热水沉积成因、喷流沉积-后期热液叠加改造以及MVT型等多种成因争议,难以建立统一成矿模式。本文对乌斯河铅锌矿床不同成矿阶段的硫化物（包括黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿）,开展原位硫和铅同位素地球化学研究,以查明该矿床的成矿物质来源、还原硫的形成机制和示踪成矿过程,为认识该类矿床铅锌成矿作用提供新地球化学依据。原位S同位素分析结果显示,乌斯河铅锌矿床硫化物的还原硫存在不同硫来源,成矿早阶段硫化物δ³⁴S值较低,介于+1.3‰~+14.2‰之间,暗示可能有来自于赋矿地层圈闭古油气系统中的H₂S;主成矿阶段硫化物相对富集重硫同位素,δ³⁴S值在+11.0‰~+23.3‰之间,表明其为赋矿地层的蒸发岩的热化学还原作用的产物。此外,硫化物的LA-MC-ICPMS原位Pb同位素组成分析显示,该矿床成矿金属元素主要来源于变质基底地层,水岩反应可能使赋矿地层贡献少量的成矿物质。综合矿区地质特征和已有的地球化学研究成果,本文认为乌斯河铅锌矿床属于MVT铅锌矿床,富Pb、Zn等成矿元素的流体与富H₂S的流体混合是该矿床金属硫化物沉淀的主要机制。  相似文献   

Bedrock erosion due to hoeing as tillage technique in a hilly agricultural landscape,southwest China     

Haichao Xu  Jianhui Zhang  Yuhang Wei  Jiadong Dai  Yong Wang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(6):1418-1429

Tillage on hillslopes may not only induce severe soil erosion, but may also cause bedrock erosion under certain conditions. Yet, little is known about bedrock erosion by tillage in a hilly agricultural landscape, southwest China. The aim of this study is to quantify the translocation of rock fragments derived from bedrock fragmentation by hoeing under different conditions, including slope gradient, hoeing depth and soil-covered thickness using a gravel tracing method. The reliability of the gravel tracing method was confirmed by the bedrock dyeing tracing method. Hoeing depth is a significant factor affecting the translocation rate of rock fragments (Q_r ). Meanwhile, under the condition of overlying soil layers (0.06−0.10 m thick), the values of Q_r were significantly smaller with a reduction of 20.7−25.6%, compared with rock fragmentation by hoeing for bare bedrock. However, slope gradient was found to have insignificant effects on Q_r . Fractured bedrock moved as individual small fragments, which was mainly controlled by the hitting force of the hoe, while soil moved in the shape of lumps, which was dominated by both drag force of the hoe and gravity. This study suggests that hoeing into soil-covered bedrock can diminish bedrock erosion while providing soil matrix for shallow soil layers. Our work presents a quantitative assessment of bedrock erosion by hoeing and an underlying insight into characteristics of bedrock erosion by tillage operations in hilly agricultural regions with mudstone and shale, southwest China. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simultaneous water and vapour transfer in an unsaturated mudstone in badlands terrain,southwestern Taiwan     

Kohei Higuchi  Masahiro Chigira  Der-Her Lee  Jian-Hong Wu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(13):3323-3335

The simultaneous transfer of pore fluid and vapour was studied in the unsaturated shallow subsurface of a Plio-Pleistocene marine mudstone badland slope in southwestern Taiwan during the dry season using field monitoring data and numerical simulations. Data from field monitoring show mass-basis water contents of ~0.05 to ~0.10 that decrease towards the unsaturated ground surface and were invariant during the middle part of the dry season, except for daily fluctuations. In addition, the observed daily fluctuations in water content correlate with fluctuations in bedrock temperature, especially at depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. Periodic increases in water content occurred most notably during the day, when the bedrock temperature showed the greatest increase. Water contents then decreased to the previous state as bedrock temperature decreased during the night. Calculated vapour fluxes within the mudstone during the day increased up to 6 × 10⁻⁶–1 × 10⁻⁵ kg m⁻² s⁻¹, deriving a 0.01–0.02 increase in mass-basis water content at 2.5 cm depth for a 12-h period. This agrees with field monitoring data, suggesting that increases in water content occurred due to vapour intrusions into the bedrock. Pore water electrical conductivity (EC) showed periodic variations due to vapour intrusion, and gradually increased between the ground surface and depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. In contrast, pore water EC gradually decreased between 15 and 40 cm depth. Calculated water fluxes at depths of 2.5–40.0 cm varied from −4 × 10⁻⁶ to −2 × 10⁻⁹ kg m⁻² s⁻¹. These fluxes generated an increase in solute concentrations at the ground surface, with negative values of water flux indicating an upwards movement of water towards the surface. We show that the increase in solute content due to solute transfer from depth is highly dependent on variations in water flux with depth. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黑龙江绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水水质保护及开发利用建议     

李霄  贾立国  王晓光  朱巍  蔡贺  柴璐 《地质与资源》2017,26(6):596-602

为掌握绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水的水质状况,向地方提供合理的水资源开发建议,本研究以地质、水文地质调查、水样采集等手段为基础,利用模糊综合评价法和层级阶梯法分别进行了研究区地下水水质和污染状况评价,应用物探测试、抽水试验等原位测试技术论证了区域地下水的富水性。以上工作基本查明了研究区地下水的水量和水质现状.认为研究区裂隙承压水一般为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质,污染等级为未污染水,水质状况较好,污染程度较低,宜于饮用;中生代构造破碎带涌水量可达350m³·d^-1以上,建议地方政府应重点围绕构造破碎带开展物探找水,并开展地下水源地分区保护规划.  相似文献   

铁含量对滑石脱水动力学的影响及其地质意义     

张瑞鑫  易丽  刘红  杨思宇 《地质通报》2017,36(6):1051-1055

在常压下研究了2种不同铁含量滑石的原位X射线衍射高温脱水反应。选取粒径2~5μm的2种不同铁含量的滑石样品,在常压、空气氛围下进行了同步辐射原位X射线衍射脱水实验。实验结果表明,铁含量高的滑石脱水温度明显偏低,2个滑石样品在常压下发生明显脱水反应的温度相差达127℃以上。滑石在常压下的脱水动力机制为随机成核和生长机制,符合Avrami方程。将实验数据拟合Avrami方程得出:n=1.669。由实验结果可以推测,不同铁含量的滑石脱水深度可能有几十到上百千米的差别,研究铁含量与滑石脱水动力的相关性对于了解俯冲带浅-中源地震的成因机制具有重要意义。  相似文献   

大型石化地基振冲碎石桩处理现场试验研究     

马永峰  周丁恒  张志豪  曹力桥 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z1):327-333

针对大型炼厂工程地基处理的复杂性,开展了振冲碎石桩的现场试验。利用静力触探试验检测桩体密实度和判别饱和砂土液化。基于旁压试验、标准贯入试验和重型动力触探试验结果,分析了施工前后地基承载力和土体工程特性变化情况。以单桩和复合地基载荷试验结果验证了桩间土、单桩及复合地基的承载性能。研究结果表明,振冲碎石桩对桩长范围的砂土具有明显的挤密效应,工程特性和场地的均匀性在处理后有了明显改善和提高,有效地消除了桩长范围内砂土的液化可能性。静载荷试验结果表明,振冲碎石桩复合地基承载力能达到设计要求;振冲碎石桩对砂土层下卧黏性土层的加固作用不明显,部分深度范围内土体强度降低;当地面以下10 m内不存在厚度大于5 m的软土夹层时,较薄的软土夹层状对挤密加固其余深度的砂土未产生明显影响,对地基承载力影响亦较小。  相似文献   

煤层气井流体原位实时监测仪     

李炯  乌效鸣  李瑞  张峰 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,43(3):99-101

煤层气生产过程中,需要随时了解和掌握煤层气井的产水、产气、液面高度等各项参数,以便根据生产阶段的需要及时调整生产参数,使煤层气井的生产处于最佳状态。目前国内煤层气抽采过程中仅能单独测量压力、温度、液位等参数,并不能检测每个层位的产气产水量,因此为了达到长期同时监测不同层位煤层的目的,设计了煤层气井流体原位实时监测仪。该监测仪不仅能测量温度、压力等参数,还可结合地面测得的气、水流量,分别得出不同层位煤层的产气产水量,为煤层气开采方法的确定提供科学依据,有利于提高煤层气抽采率。   相似文献   

Seismic performance of an existing bridge with scoured caisson foundation     

Kuo-Chun Chang  Yu-Chi Sung  Kuang-Yen Liu  Ping-Hsiung Wang  Zheng-Kuan Lee  Lu-Sheng Lee  Witarto 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(Z1)

This paper presents in-situ seismic performance tests of a bridge before its demolition due to accumulated scouring problem. The tests were conducted on three single columns and one caisson-type foundation. The three single columns were 1.8 m in diameter,reinforced by 30-D32 longitudinal reinforcements and laterally hooped by D16 reinforcements with spacing of 20 cm. The column height is 9.54 m,10.59 m and 10.37 m for Column P2,P3,and P4,respectively. Column P2 had no exposed foundation and was subjected to pseudo-dynamic tests with peak ground acceleration of 0.32 g first,followed by one cyclic loading test. Column P3 was the benchmark specimen with exposed length of 1.2 m on its foundation. The exposed length for Column P4 was excavated to 4 m,approximately 1/3 of the foundation length,to study the effect of the scouring problem to the column performance. Both Column P3 and Column P4 were subjected to cyclic loading tests. Based on the test results,due to the large dimension of the caisson foundation and the well graded gravel soil type that provided large lateral resistance,the seismic performance among the three columns had only minor differences. Lateral push tests were also conducted on the caisson foundation at Column P5. The caisson was 12 m long and had circular cross-sections whose diameters were 5 m in the upper portion and 4 m in the lower portion. An analytical model to simulate the test results was developed in the OpenSees platform. The analytical model comprised nonlinear flexural elements as well as nonlinear soil springs. The analytical results closely followed the experimental test results. A parametric study to predict the behavior of the bridge column with different ground motions and different levels of scouring on the foundation are also discussed.  相似文献   

Formation mechanism of in-situ volcanic reservoirs in eastern China:A case study from Xushen gasfield in Songliao Basin     

FENG ZiHui  YIN ChangHai  LIU JiaJun  ZHU YingKang  LU JiaMin  LI JiangHai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)

A large number of in-situ volcanic reservoirs have been discovered from the Meso-Cenozoic rift basin group in eastern China.Based on drilling results in combination with geological and geophysical analysis,a case study from the Early Cretaceous Xujiaweizi fault-depression shows that the formation mechanism of in-situ volcanic reservoirs is characterized by"fault-controlled body,body-controlled facies,facies-controlled reservoir,and reservoir-controlled accumulation".In other words,deep faults control the volcanic eruption type,volcanic body,and gas reservoir distribution;the volcanic body determines the spatial distribution of volcanic facies and volcanic gas reservoir size;the volcanic facies control reservoir physical properties and effective thickness of gas formation;the volcanic reservoir properties control gas reservoir type and gas productivity.The result is useful to guiding the discovery of in-situ volcanic gas reservoirs in faulted basins in both theory and practice.  相似文献   

上软下硬地层浅埋大跨度车站拆撑安全性分析     

刘涛  赵松壮  孙付峰 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z1):306-310

对于复合式衬砌隧道,初支受力最危险的时期就是为保证二次衬砌的完整性而分段拆除临时支撑的阶段。依托青岛地铁某暗挖车站,采用现场实测数据分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,对比拆撑前后围岩与初支变形情况,进而对6 m范围内交替拆撑,并以6 m为工作单元间隔拆撑的拆撑方案安全性进行分析。实测数据表明,地表沉降、拱顶沉降及净空收敛在拆撑前后增长量及影响均较小,数值计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,可知初支的安全性受支撑拆除的影响较小。研究结论为实现信息化施工提供了依据,也为今后类似工程积累了相关经验。  相似文献