海底玄武岩中的中酸性玻璃质熔体研究     

陈小明  赵广涛  李巍然  潘燕宁 《地学前缘》2001,8(3):216-222

笔者在冲绳海槽海底玄武岩基质中发现的中酸性玻璃质熔体 ,与以往在基性火山岩中发现的玻璃质熔体存在明显的差异 :( 1)在存在状态上 ,前者呈充填状态存在于细小的基质矿物之间 ,其体积明显受到岩浆冷却速率的制约 ;后者常出现富铁相和富硅相两种熔体共存现象 ,且一种熔体常呈球状分布于另一种熔体中。 ( 2 )在成分演化上 ,前者随着冷却速率的降低 ,成分向酸性方向演化 ;后者的成分与冷却速率间的关系不明显 ,一直表现为富铁相和富硅相两端员成分 ,缺失中间过渡成分。这两种类型的熔体 ,分别反映了幔源岩浆不同的演化过程 :冲绳海槽海底玄武岩中的中酸性玻璃质熔体 ,反映了幔源岩浆结晶分异演化过程 ,并记录了演化过程中各阶段产物的特征 ;而以往在基性火山岩中发现的富铁相和富硅相两种熔体的共存现象 ,反映了幔源岩浆的熔离过程 ,并记录了熔离产物的特征。  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Basalts in the Tuyon Basin, South Tianshan Mountains     

WANG Yanbin  WANG Yong  LIU Xun  FU Derong  XIAO Xuchang  QI Longshui . Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing . Hebei College of Technology  Tangshan 《Continental Dynamics》2001,(1)

1. Introduction The Tianshan Mountains is a typical intercontinental orogenic belt in the world. From late Carboniferous to Permian, the old Tianshan formed during the tectonic amalgamation of the Tarim block, Tianshan block and Siberia craton (Carroll et al, 1990). Mid-Cenozoic basalts are widely distributed in both the Tuyon basin of southwest Tianshan and its western part of Tianshan in Jierjisi in late Cretaceous-Paleogene period, which indicates the activation of the old Tianshan.…  相似文献   

峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌矿床成矿关系初探—以云南会泽铅锌矿床为例   总被引：31，自引：4，他引：31  

黄智龙  陈进  刘丛强  韩润生  李文博  赵德顺  高德荣  冯志宏 《矿物学报》2001,21(4):681-688

本文以云南会泽铅锌矿为例，从成矿时代、成矿物来源、成矿流体来源和成矿热动力等方面初步讲座主峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌矿床成矿的关系。结果表明：矿床成矿时代可能与峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动时代相近；峨眉山玄武岩在成矿过程中提供了部分成矿物质；伴随峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动过程去气作用（包括地幔去气作用和岩浆去气作用）形成的流体参与了会泽铅锌矿成矿流体的形成；峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动为成矿热动力的主要来源。  相似文献   

峨眉山玄武岩的岩相与岩体结构   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

沈军辉  王兰生  徐林生  李天斌 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(6):1-4

峨眉山玄武岩是西南地区水电工程的主要建基岩体，其岩体结构明显受其建造的控制，不同地区，不同岩相的玄武岩，由于岩石组合及原生结构特征等的差异，而具有不同的岩体结构特征。本文结合拟建金沙江溪洛渡水电工程，雅砻江官地水电工程等实例，从岩相角度分析了玄武岩岩相及原生结构及原生结构对其岩体结构的控制作用。  相似文献   

Generation of Deccan Trap magmas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gautam Sen 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):409-431

Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare. Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1) Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO₂; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces; (6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode.  相似文献   

新生代黄骅坳陷构造伸展、沉积作用和岩浆活动   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

孟庆任  王战  王翔  解建民 《地质论评》1993,39(6):535-547

黄骅坳陷是一典型的张性盆地,其构造主要受西缘向东倾的拆离断层的控制。构造沉降分析显示盆地西部以裂谷沉降为主,而向东热沉降逐渐增大,反映了上地壳的强烈裂谷区与岩石圈深部强烈减薄区发生了错位。沉积作用在裂谷期和热沉降期具明显不同的特点,指示了早期基底快速不均匀的下沉和晚期基底广泛缓慢下沉的过程。玄武岩的形成和演化也与盆地构造发展过程相一致。研究结果表明,黄骅坳陷是在下伏岩石圈上部发生简单剪切和下部发生纯剪切的构造伸展过程中形成的。  相似文献   

Permian radiolarians,chert and basalt from the Daxinshan Formation in Lancangjiang belt of southwestern Yunnan,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Qinglai?FengEmail author  Shangyue?Shen  Benpei?Liu  Dietrich?Helmcke  Xianggui?Qian  Weiming?Zhang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(1):63-71

The stratigraphical sequences composed of chert and basalt were found in the Daxinshan area of Simao and the Manbie area of Jinghong, southwestern Yunnan. The Middle Permian to ealiest Late Permian radiolarians, such as Follicucullus and Pseudoalbaillella, have been identified from the chert. The chert from the Manbie area of Jinghong is characterized by high SiO₂content (over 92%), large ratios of MnO/TiO₂ (2.15) and low ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (≤0.1) and Ce/Ce*(0.4), which indicate that the chert was deposited in pelagic basin. The chert from the Daxinshan area of Simao, however, is characterized by low SiO₂ content, low ratios of MnO/TiO₂ (0.27) and high ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (0.49) and Ce/Ce*(0.88), which imply that the chert was deposited in continental margin basin. The basalts from the both areas belong to tholeiite series, and the chemical compositions of their major, rare earth and trace elements show the characteristics of MORB. These results evidence that there are volcanic rocks and chert sequences representing pelagic basin and oceanic basin near continent. These sequences and the formerly reported island-arc volcanic rock sequences imply that the Daxinshan Formation in the Lancangjiang belt represents a sedimentary assemblage formed in active continental margin basin.  相似文献   

新疆北部的两类埃达克岩   总被引：27，自引：32，他引：27  

赵振华 王强熊小林  张海祥牛贺才许继峰  白正华乔玉楼 《岩石学报》2006,22(5):1249-1265

新疆北部有两类埃达克岩，一是俯冲型，形成于早、中泥盆世-早石炭世晚期（≥320Ma），包括了埃达克岩、富Nb玄武岩、高（富）Mg安山岩。第二类埃达克岩是底侵型，形成于中晚二叠世（≤280Ma）。第一类埃达克岩分布于西天山的阿拉套山、博罗科努山，中天山的骆驼沟和巴仑台，东天山的土屋-延东，阿尔泰山陆缘南富蕴-青河南，准噶尔盆地中部陆梁，克拉玛依等地。在阿尔泰陆缘南，苦橄岩与埃达克岩、富Nb玄武岩和高（富）Mg安山岩密切组合。第二类埃达克岩分布于西天山的阿吾拉勒山和东天山的三岔口，未发现富Nb玄武岩和高（富）Mg安山岩组合。俯冲型埃达克岩、富Nb玄武岩和高（富）Mg安山岩的高Sr低Y、Yb、富Eu及高εNd（t）（＋1．5～＋10．0），低（^87Sr／^86Sr）；（〈0．7070）的同位素组成，均一致表明其源区物质为洋壳板片，部分为地幔楔、弧前棱柱，产于岛弧环境；而底侵型埃达克岩源于底侵的幔源玄武质物质，形成于后造山环境。两类埃达克岩及其组合岩石的地质及地球化学特点，展示了中亚型造山在本区晚古生代陆壳增生作用的多样性：在增生构造过程上，有洋壳板片的斜俯冲、俯冲板片的撕裂、板片窗、俯冲剥蚀及玄武质物质的底侵作用等；在增生方向上，有洋壳板片的侧向斜俯冲，也有玄武质物质垂向上底侵于壳-幔边界；在增生物质上，有洋壳板片、地幔楔、受地幔楔混染的洋壳板片熔体，弧前棱柱、地幔楔受板片熔体交代后形成熔体及底侵的幔源玄武质物质。与两类埃达克岩有关，尤其是第一类埃达克岩及其组合岩石，在本区广泛发育了Cu、Au成矿作用，其中部分达到大型-超大型规模。因此．对埃达克岩及其组合岩石的识别及相关Cu、Au成矿作用的找矿勘探应予以足够重视。  相似文献   

内蒙古温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔蛇绿岩的元素与同位素地球化学：对古亚洲洋东部地幔域特征的限制   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

黄金香赵志丹  张宏飞侯青叶陈岳龙  张本仁DEPAOLO DJ 《岩石学报》2006,22(12):2889-2900

内蒙古中部发育的三条蛇绿岩带是华北板块和西伯利亚板块之间的缝合带。本文系统研究了其中的温都尔庙和巴彦敖包-交其尔两个蛇绿岩带中变质玄武岩的元素和 Sr、Nd、Pb 同位素地球化学。苏右旗温都尔庙碱性玄武岩为轻稀土富集型;岩石具有板内和大陆裂谷区玄武岩的特征,可能代表了600Ma 左右,温都尔庙地区开始发育的新洋盆。采自苏左旗的巴彦敖包-交其尔玄武岩分为两类,一类呈现轻稀土富集型,呈洋岛玄武岩特征;另一类具有明显的 Nb、Ta 负异常,显示大洋岛弧玄武岩特征,洋岛玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋曾经发育洋盆,大洋岛弧玄武岩的存在表明古亚洲洋内部有大洋岩石圈之间的俯冲。将本文的古亚洲洋洋岛玄武岩与中国西南地区的特提斯洋岛玄武岩进行系统的元素和同位素地球化学特征对比表明,古亚洲洋的洋岛玄武岩显示高 U/Pb(HU)和北大西洋和太平洋省的特征,而特提斯洋岛玄武岩属于印度洋省。这些说明古亚洲洋地幔域与特提斯地幔域是两个独立的构造域,它们代表了长期演化的两个不同的地幔地球化学域。  相似文献   

应用低频信号提高高速玄武岩下的成像质量     

佘德平  管路平  徐颖  李佩 《应用地球物理》2006,3(2):112-119

针对高速玄武岩屏蔽层下深层成像困难的实际问题,采用波动方程波场数值模拟技术,根据玄武岩地层的特点,设计三个相应的简单高速玄武岩模型,通过对深层反射地震信号能量的分析,说明了低频地震信号既具有较强的穿透薄高速玄武岩屏蔽层的能力,也具有减弱因粗糙表面所产生的绕射噪音的能力。一个完整的2D玄武岩模型的模拟试验证明了利用低频信号可以提高高速玄武岩屏蔽层下深层成像的质量,实际资料的低通滤波处理也取得了预期的效果。  相似文献