基于灯光数据的京津冀城市多标度异速分析     

龙玉清  陈彦光 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):88-100

城镇体系的时空演化是一个复杂的动力学过程,具有无尺度性,其特征可以采用异速标度指数定量描述。论文以京津冀为例,基于1992—2013年夜间灯光数据的校正结果,提取城镇夜间灯光信息,采用多标度异速分析方法,分析京津冀城镇体系的相对发展特征及其空间分异格局。研究发现：①京津冀大城市的增长空间局限日益显著。虽然大城市如京津唐的绝对发展水平高,但接近环境承载量的极限,22 a间增长快速的是大城市交接地带的小城市(如三河、迁安、廊坊等)。②相对增长速度快的城市从东北到西南呈现带状分布——政府选择发展的“雄安新区”就在这个轴带上。由此可以得出两个结论：其一,京津冀城市演化的趋势相对均衡化,空间结构异质性逐步减弱,整个城镇体系的发展趋于相对平衡状态;其二,大、小城市“两极”贯通或许是增强城镇体系功能的有效途径。京津冀的空间格局优化不能仅仅考虑主要的、规模大的中心城市,而应该基于等级结构协调整个城镇网络体系。  相似文献   

海岸破波带内悬沙空间分布试验研究和解析表达式     

张洋  邹志利  孙大鹏  薛武山 《海洋工程》2018,36(1):28-46

关于海岸破波带内悬沙浓度水平和垂向分布的研究对于计算海岸输沙率和地形演变具有重要意义。本研究进行了规则波、波群和不规则波三种波浪情况破波带内悬沙浓度的水平和垂向分布的试验测量。试验在大尺度波浪水槽进行,接近实际海岸波况尺度。给出了破波带内多断面悬沙垂向分布的细致测量结果,并以此为基础给出了预报实际海岸破波带内悬沙浓度水平和垂向分布解析表达式,讨论了形成这些分布的物理原因和不同波况、不同破波带区域对分布的影响。  相似文献   

300 BC-1900 AD无定河流域城镇时空格局演变   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

佟彪  党安荣  许剑 《地理学报》2019,74(8):1508-1524

通过分析和整理从战国中晚期（约300 BC）至清末（约1900 AD）无定河流域历代县级及以上城址的位置、兴废年代数据,结合行政区划沿革、经济社会发展、政权更迭等资料,分析流域城镇格局的时空演变过程。研究表明：① 受气候周期性波动影响,无定河流域城镇的兴起与衰废具有明显的周期性特征,城镇几何中心的移动轨迹具有明显的“西北—东南”向潮汐性运动特征;② 城址存续年限普遍较短,具有明显的阶段性特征,流域内曾存在过4个阶段性中心城镇,中心城镇移动的方向和过程与城镇几何中心的潮汐性移动过程趋势一致;③ 流域城镇空间格局可分为3种类型,即秦汉与隋唐时期的沿河流谷地分布,宋、明两代的沿边境线与长城分布,以及元、清两代集中于流域下游分布。流域城镇未来的发展布局应重视气候变化对城镇分布的长期影响,关注区域环境的脆弱性,合理安排城镇体系发展规模与布局。  相似文献   

The bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus may enhance denitrification in shelf sediment at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone     

A Neumann  A Flohr 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):91-96

We collected living individuals of the bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus, which shows an unusual preference for the oxygen-deficient habitat found at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone of the southeastern Atlantic. With a series of incubation experiments with ¹⁵N-labelled nitrate as a tracer in combination with membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, we studied the potential contribution of L. bicuspidatus to nitrate reduction in the upper sediment layer. Our preliminary results suggest that L. bicuspidatus enhances nitrate reduction if the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. The Lembulus-mediated nitrate reduction rate is then similar to the rate of microbial nitrate reduction in the surrounding sediment.  相似文献   

山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作进展          下载免费PDF全文

张永伟  邵明  肖敏 《山东国土资源》2018,34(8)

近年来,山东省地面沉降监测与防治工作取得了重要进展,初步建立了以二等水准路线、全球定位系统(GPS)、基岩标分层标和地下水监测为基础的"四网合一"地面沉降监测体系,INSAR监测实现了山东全省覆盖。监测成果显示,山东省地面沉降主要位于东营市广饶县、滨州市博兴县、聊城市茌平县,沉降速率呈加快趋势,造成建筑物地基下沉、房屋开裂、地下管道破损等一系列地质环境问题。  相似文献   

一种云端一体化的土地督察遥感监测方法     

孙久虎 《测绘通报》2020,(3):129-133

针对目前土地遥感监测工作中存在的监测频次低和数据现势性差等问题，通过统筹获取国产卫星影像数据提升监测频次，设计了多源遥感影像的空间网格组织和调度方法，改变传统的影像切片发布模式，建立实时影像服务方法，大幅提升了土地督察遥感监测时效。通过在国家土地督察济南局试点应用，研发了云端一体化的土地督察遥感监测服务平台，实践证明基于空间网格的影像组织管理效率优于传统金字塔切片管理模式，有效支撑了违法用地、永久基本农田保护和城市开发边界突破等监测预警，应用成效显著。  相似文献   

解郁安神法联合体外反搏对PCI术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者的临床疗效观察          下载免费PDF全文

王敏  徐新利  姜光萍 《应用海洋学学报》2020,36(12):1

目的：观察解郁安神法联合体外反搏（EECP）对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者的临床疗效。方法：将80例冠心病PCI术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组采用PCI术后规范化治疗,同时联合EECP治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上加服解郁安神方治疗,随访观察7周,比较2组临床证候疗效、Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、西雅图心绞痛调查量表（SAQ）评分。结果：总有效率治疗组为82.5%（33/40）,高于对照组的60.0%（24/40）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组SAS、SDS、SAQ评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：解郁安神法联合EECP治疗可明显改善PCI术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者的临床症状,缓解焦虑抑郁程度,提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

利用短期静态PPP结果反演海潮负荷位移     

魏国光  王琪洁  彭葳  郭良琦 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(6):607-612

采用香港11个GPS测站的观测资料进行1 h、2 h、3 h和4h静态PPP解算，获得4组PPP坐标序列，利用调和分析求取11个测站处8个主要分潮的负荷位移参数（振幅和相位），将其与海潮模型计算的负荷位移参数进行对比，并比较分析PPP反演值与海潮模型值改正海潮负荷信号的效果。结果表明，垂直和水平方向上，不同PPP结果反演8个分潮的负荷位移分别具有约5 mm和7 mm的差异；PPP反演8个分潮垂向负荷位移优于全球海潮模型，但水平方向上的反演效果稍弱。  相似文献   

Wave energy conversion under constrained wave-by-wave impedance matching with amplitude and phase-match limits     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This paper investigates an approach to limit the fullness of ‘tuning’ provided by wave-by-wave impedance matching control of wave energy devices in irregular waves. A single analytical formulation based on the Lagrange multiplier approach of Evans [1] is used to limit the velocity amplitude while also limiting the closeness of the phase match between velocity and exciting force. The paper studies the effect of the present technique in concurrently limiting the device velocity and the required control/actuation force. Time domain application requires wave-profile prediction, which here is based on a deterministic propagation model. Also examined in the time domain is the effect of possible violation of the displacement constraint, which for many designs implies impacts at hard stops within the power take-off mechanism. Time domain simulations are carried out for a 2-body axisymmetric converter (with physical end-stops) in sea states reported for a site off the US east coast. It is found that the approach leads to effective power conversion in the less energetic sea states, while as desired, considerable muting of the optimal response is found in the larger sea states. Under the assumptions of this work, the end-stop collisions are found to have a minor effect on the power conversion. The present approach could be used to guide the design of power take-off systems so that their displacement stroke, maximum force, and resistive and reactive power limits are well-matched to the achievable performance of a given controlled primary energy converter.  相似文献   

Solution for a plane strain rough‐walled hydraulic fracture driven by turbulent fluid through impermeable rock          下载免费PDF全文

N. Zolfaghari  E. Dontsov  A. P. Bunger 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(4):587-617

The impact of turbulent flow on plane strain fluid‐driven crack propagation is an important but still poorly understood consideration in hydraulic fracture modeling. The changes that hydraulic fracturing has experienced over the past decade, especially in the area of fracturing fluids, have played a major role in the transition of the typical fluid regime from laminar to turbulent flow. Motivated by the increasing preponderance of high‐rate, water‐driven hydraulic fractures with high Reynolds number, we present a semianalytical solution for the propagation of a plane strain hydraulic fracture driven by a turbulent fluid in an impermeable formation. The formulation uses a power law relationship between the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor and the scale of the fracture roughness, where one specific manifestation of this generalized friction factor is the classical Gauckler‐Manning‐Strickler approximation for turbulent flow in a rough‐walled channel. Conservation of mass, elasticity, and crack propagation are also solved simultaneously. We obtain a semianalytical solution using an orthogonal polynomial series. An approximate closed‐form solution is enabled by a choice of orthogonal polynomials embedding the near‐tip asymptotic behavior and thus giving very rapid convergence; a precise solution is obtained with 2 terms of the series. By comparison with numerical simulations, we show that the transition region between the laminar and turbulent regimes can be relatively small so that full solutions can often be well approximated by either a fully laminar or fully turbulent solution.  相似文献