锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩溶水防治思想的演变     

林玉山  张之淦  李术才  李树忱  钟世航  何发亮 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(6):19-23,94

锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞是一座高外水压力、大涌水量的岩溶越岭长隧。建设中遇到了隧道岩溶水防治世界级难题。目前引水隧洞施工在即。本文对40多年来锦屏引水隧洞涌水预测、施工地质预报、治水三方面成果和思路的演变进行了总结。强调锦屏防治水思路的历史演变是在工作中不断实践-认识-再实践-再认识的一个健康发展过程,既及时吸取了国内岩溶区越岭深隧建设的成功经验,也为我国岩溶地区隧洞施工防治水技术开发和不断发展做出了贡献。基于当前最新认识,认为只要在建设中认真开展信息化动态设计和施工,引水隧洞的顺利施工是有充分技术准备和保证的。  相似文献   

平原缺水区隐伏岩溶水的供水意义——以通州区龙旺庄隐伏灰岩水源地的勘查运行为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李海京 《城市地质》2007,2(4):49-51

本文以通州区龙旺庄隐伏灰岩水源地的勘查及运行情况为例,提出以隐伏基岩地下水作为应惠水源来科学、适度地开采是具有一定现实意义的;像龙旺庄这种消耗性水源地,开采条件下补给量的增量(激发补给量)也不容忽视。  相似文献   

Sandstone dissolution landforms in the Furnas Formation,southern Brazil     

Mário Sérgio de Melo  Paulo César Fonseca Giannini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(14):2149-2164

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Correlating specific conductivity with total hardness in gypsum karst waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wiesława Ewa Krawczyk  Derek C. Ford 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(4):612-620

Modern digital conductivity meters are readily portable, robust, cheap, and give precisely reproducible values of specific electrical conductivity (SpC, in µS cm^?1). Here we investigate the accuracy of their estimates of the amounts of gypsum dissolved in waters collected in gypsum karst terrains, expressed as total hardness (TH) in mg L^?1 of CaSO₄·2H₂O (GYP). Total dissolved solid concentrations (TDS) are also considered. Curves obtained with the program PHREEQC, for the dissolution of pure gypsum in water at 25 C, are compared with 574 comprehensive water chemical analyses selected from gypsum karst studies in Europe and the Americas. Principal common and foreign ions encountered are the BNC group (bicarbonates, nitrates, chlorides). It is found that GYP = 1·12^·SpC + 62 where BNC < 33% (Cl^? < 5%), with one standard error <5% for waters with SpC > 2400 µS cm^?1; GYP = 0·74^·SpC + 777 where BNC < 33% (5% ≤ Cl^? < 15%), with one standard error <10% for waters with SpC > 3100 µS cm^?1; GYP = 0·97^·SpC ? 209 where BNC < 33% and Cl^? ≥ 15%, with one standard error <10% for samples with SpC > 4300 µS cm^?1. There are similar results for the more complex waters found in gypsum karsts where much carbonate rock or salt is also present, to the limit of BNC < 50% for what may reasonably be defined as ‘gypsum waters’. Values of R² for linear correlations of different subsets of the water samples range from 0·69 to 0·96, the majority being >0·8. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Radium and radon content in the carbonate-rock aquifer of the southern Italian region of Apulia     

Michele Spizzico 《Hydrogeology Journal》2005,13(3):493-505

High concentrations of ²²²Rn have been found throughout the waters of the coastal carbonate-rock Mesozoic aquifer located in the region of Apulia in southern Italy. Studies undertaken have determined that such concentrations are due to the radioisotopic features of terra rossa, a type of paleosol that is generated as a residual byproduct of carbonate dissolution and is found to be widespread throughout the aquifers fissures and karst cavities.These special types of soil feature a rather high clay content (80–95%) and, although variable, their specific ²²⁶Ra activity (70–147 Bq/kg) is nonetheless considerably greater than that of limestone (~50 Bq/kg). In fact, there are substantial differences in ²²²Rn concentrations found in waters that come into contact with this type of rock and paleosol.The partial dissolution of some carbonate rock samples in the laboratory confirmed that the ²²⁶Ra released by the dissolved rock primarily accumulates in the residual soil deposits, especially in ones containing finer granules. This has also been the result of experiments conducted on 15 terra rossa samples collected from the region, which indicates that there is a close correlation between the specific ²²⁶Ra activity and the clay content of such paleosols, which varies with the stage of weathering.It has been found that the ²²²Rn concentrations in the regions waters, depend on the specific terra rossa ²²⁶Ra activity rather than on the quantity of terra rossa.Field checks have confirmed the possibility of using ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn as natural tracers in order to define hydrogeological problems in special environments such as karst. They can be used to distinguish the different water bearing zones in the carbonate-rock aquifer; analyze the influence of tides on coastal springs; determine the flow direction in the proximity of a well; recognize, recharge and the progressive decline of the groundwater level; derive indications of underground flow paths; and the occurrence of fissures and karstic cavities in the carbonate-rock aquifer.

Michele SpizzicoEmail: Phone: +39-080-5963676Fax: +39-080-5963675

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探地雷达在贵州水利水电勘察中的应用     

熊勇  韦斯 《物探与化探》2005,29(5):467-470

结合贵州福泉下翁溪水库、芙蓉江沙阡电站、冗各电站3个工程实例,介绍探地雷达勘探在岩溶、断层破碎带等不良地质构造勘察方面的应用.  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩地区古风化壳岩溶储层   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

许效松  杜佰伟 《沉积与特提斯地质》2005,25(3):1-7

世界整装大油气田均以海相盆地为主,储集类型首推碳酸盐岩岩溶孔洞＋裂缝.岩溶发育的程度除相控外,层序不整合界面与区域性地层不整合面的复合面,在表生成岩作用环境下可形成碳酸盐岩古风化壳型岩溶.塔里木盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古喀斯特油气藏的重大突破,佐证了碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的特殊意义.我国海相盆地碳酸盐岩风化壳岩溶的形成和演化,均与加里东构造旋回中的幕次古隆起和海平面下降共耦,埋藏期和热水溶蚀的叠加可改善岩溶的储集性能.在大面积覆盖的油气田区预测古风化壳型的岩溶储层,可通过地震剖面追踪区域性地层不整合面和层序界面,圈出古岩溶的时空展布、推测古岩溶地貌以及与不同层位岩性相的关系.孔洞充填方解石与碳酸盐围岩的氧碳同位素有别,前者的Z值小于120,是反馈淡水岩溶环境的重要标志之一.  相似文献   

广西平南赤泥堆场地下水渗流特性试验研究     

杜长学  彭振斌  陈安  左文贵  王继华 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(4):74-78

渗漏污染是建干岩溶地区赤泥堆场的主要环境工程地质问题。解决这一问题的关键是通过查明地下水的渗流特性，从而确定其渗漏通道。试验研究表明，堆场内各水点之间、堆场与外部各水点存在一定的水力联系，其流速受季节影响，在枯水期较为缓慢；地下水流向主要取决于地下暗河的走向；堆场区地下水流向总体是自堆场向北流向右江，局部地下水的流向受构造和岩溶裂隙控制；岩溶管道是渗流的主要通道。因此，存在因赤泥渗流污染居民生产与生活水源地的可能，污染物的扩散途径主要是岩溶通道。  相似文献   

溪洛渡水电站库首岩溶渗漏可能性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁杏  韩庆之  曾克锋  宋胜武  杨建宏 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(5):26-30

溪洛渡巨型水电站岩溶水渗漏研究,面临着范围大,地形地质条件复杂,基础资料缺乏,以及隐伏岩溶不易获取实证等多重困难。本文通过地质学、第四纪地质学、岩深水文地质学等多学科联合,将零星不完整的各种资料进行了整体系统性的分析。运用定性分析与灰域模拟方法对库区岩溶发育、蓄水前后渗流特征进行综合性量化分析,对溪洛渡水电站库首岩溶渗漏可能作出了较全面可信的评价。  相似文献   

地下水资源评价中的不确定性因素分析   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

束龙仓  朱元生 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(6):1-5

岩溶蓄水构造（或岩溶含水构造）是固结密实的岩深含水层的组成部份,由于次生构造裂隙和溶蚀形态发育强烈,它们的透水性高于围岩,因而具备在含水层内汇聚和集中传输地下水的功能,新生代以来小平阳地区的岩溶作用在热带气候和新华夏系第二沉降带构造双重背景下发育,对这一地区归纳出８种岩蓄水构造,体积上,它们只占含水层的１％～１０％。通过岩溶水文地质调查找出蓄水构造可以把找水的靶区面积缩小１～２个数量级,半定量地确定其三维几何形状的几部介质结构特征,可为水文物控解释提供地质依据。  相似文献